结构资本与技术能力:外部知识管理及知识距离的作用
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摘要
识别网络结构资本对技术能力的影响是企业开放式创新的核心问题,现有研究对这种影响关系形成的内在机理还缺乏系统认识。通过有调节的中介模型,以企业样本数据实证发现:网络中心度、网络规模能提升外部知识获取和知识转移效率,网络多样性则只能正向影响外部知识获取。外部知识转移只能对技术创新能力产生正向作用,外部知识获取则与技术基础能力和创新能力是显著正向关系。知识距离对外部知识获取在网络中心度、网络规模与技术基础能力,网络多样性与技术基础能力、技术创新能力关系中的中介效应不起调节作用,但完全调节外部知识转移在网络中心度与技术创新能力、网络规模与技术创新能力关系中的中介效应。
It is the core problem of open innovation to identify the influence of network structure capital on technological capability,but the present studies aren't to reveal systematically the procedural mechanism that shapes the influence relationship.Based on the adjusted intermediary model and enterprise sample data,the paper's research results show that network centrality and network scale can improve the efficiency of external knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer,while network diversity can only positively affect the external knowledge acquisition.The external knowledge transfer has only apositive effect on the technological innovation capability,while the external knowledge acquisition has a significant positive relationship with the technological fundamental capability and technological innovation capability.Knowledge distance can't moderate the mediating effect of external knowledge acquisition on the relationships between network centrality,network scale and technological basic ability,network diversity and technological basic ability,and the relationship between technological innovation ability and network diversity.But knowledge distance moderates completely the mediating effect of external knowledge transfer on the relationship between network centrality and technological innovation ability,and the relationship between network scale and technological innovation ability.
It is the core problem of open innovation to identify the influence of network structure capital on technological capability,but the present studies aren't to reveal systematically the procedural mechanism that shapes the influence relationship.Based on the adjusted intermediary model and enterprise sample data,the paper's research results show that network centrality and network scale can improve the efficiency of external knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer,while network diversity can only positively affect the external knowledge acquisition.The external knowledge transfer has only apositive effect on the technological innovation capability,while the external knowledge acquisition has a significant positive relationship with the technological fundamental capability and technological innovation capability.Knowledge distance can't moderate the mediating effect of external knowledge acquisition on the relationships between network centrality,network scale and technological basic ability,network diversity and technological basic ability,and the relationship between technological innovation ability and network diversity.But knowledge distance moderates completely the mediating effect of external knowledge transfer on the relationship between network centrality and technological innovation ability,and the relationship between network scale and technological innovation ability.
引文
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[25]DEMIRKAN I,DEEDS D L.Evolution of research collaboration networks and their impact on firm innovation output[M]//Understanding the Relationship Between Networks and Technology,Creativity and Innovation.Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2014:67-95.
[26]GOERZEN A,BEAMISH P W.The effect of alliance network diversity on multinational enterprise performance[J].Strategi Management Journal,2005,26(4):333-354.
[27]LIU C L E,ZHANG Y.Learning process and capability formation in cross-border buyer-supplier relationships:a qualitative case study of Taiwanese technological firms[J].International Business Review,2014,23(4):718-730.
[28]GARCIA F,AVELLA L,FERNANDEZ E.Learning from exporting:the moderating effect of technological capabilities[J].International Business Review,2012,21(6):1099-1111.
[29]詹勇飞,和金生.基于知识整合的知识网络研究[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(3):28-32.
[30]CANTNER U,MEDER A,TER WAL A L J.Innovator networks and regional knowledge base[J].Technovation,2010,30(9):496-507.
[31]WANG M C,CHEN P C,FANG S C.A critical view of knowledge networks and innovation performance:the mediation role of firms'knowledge integration capability[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88:222-233.
[32]周密,赵文红,宋红媛.基于知识特性的知识距离对知识转移影响研究[J].科学学研究,2015,7(33):1059-1068.
[33]CUMMINGS J L,TENG B-S.Transferring R&D knowledge:the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2003,20(1):39-68.
[34]LAI H C,WENG C S.Do technology alliances benefit technological diversification?the effects of technological knowledge distance,network centrality and complementary assets[J].Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,2013,21(1):136-152.
[35]MILLER D J,FERN M J,CARDINAL L B.The use of knowledge for technological innovation within diversified firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):307-325.
[36]KUMAR U,KUMAR V,DE GROSBOIS D.Development of technological capability by Cuban hospitality organizations[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2008,27(1):12-22.
[37]KYLAHEIKO K,JANTUNEN A,PUUMALAINEN K,et al.Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies:the role of technological capabilities and appropriability[J].International Business Review,2011,20(5):508-520.
[38]SALAVISA I,SOUSA C,FONTES M.Topologies of innovation networks in knowledge-intensive sectors:sectoral differences in the access to knowledge and complementary assets through formal and informal ties[J].Technovation,2012,32(6):380-399.
[39]JU T L,LI C Y,LEE T S.A contingency model for knowledge management capability and innovation[J].Industrial Management&Data Systems,2006,106(6):855-877.
[40]PODSAKOFF P M,MACKENZIE S B,LEE J Y,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879.
[41]温忠麟,叶宝娟.有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补[J].心理学报,2014,46(5):714-726.
[2]HOFMAN E,HALMAN J I M,VAN LOOY B.Do design rules facilitate or complicate architectural innovation in innovation alliance networks[J].Research Policy,2016,45(7):1436-1448.
[3]CHULUUN T,PREVOST A,UPADHYAY A.Firm network structure and innovation[J].Journal of Corporate Finance,2017,44:193-214.
[4]MAHMOOD I P,ZHU H,ZAJAC E J.Where can capabilities come from?network ties and capability acquisition in business groups[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(8):820-848.
[5]陈伟,杨早立,张永超.网络结构与企业核心关系实证研究:基于知识共享与知识整合中介效应视角[J].管理评论,2014,26(6):74-82.
[6]XIE X,FANG L,ZENG S.Collaborative innovation network and knowledge transfer performance:a fsQCA approach[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(11):5210-5215.
[7]刘雪锋,徐芳宁,揭上锋.网络嵌入性与知识获取及企业创新能力关系研究[J].经济管理,2015(3):150-159.
[8]王建刚,吴洁.网络结构与企业竞争优势---基于知识转移能力的调节效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(5):55-66.
[9]OYELARAN-OYEYINKA B.Knowledge networks and technological capabilities in the African manufacturing cluster[J].Science,Technology and Society,2003,8(1):1-23.
[10]PHELPS C,HEIDL R,WADHWA A.Knowledge,networks,and knowledge networks[J].Journal of Management,2012,38(4):1115-1166.
[11]FAGERBERG J,SRHOLEC M,VERSPAGEN B.创新和经济发展[M]//BRONWYN H H,NATHAN R.创新经济学手册.上海市科学学研究所,译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2017:107-150.
[12]FIGUEIREDO P N.Does technological learning pay off?Inter-firm differences in technological capability-accumulation paths and operational performance improvement[J].Research Policy,2002,31(1):73-94.
[13]经济合作与发展组织,欧盟统计署.奥斯陆手册:创新数据的采集与解释指南[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2011.
[14]CUMMINGS J N.Work groups,structural diversity,and knowledge sharing in a global organization[J].Management Science,2004,50(3):352-364.
[15]SCHULZE A,BROJERDI G J C.The effect of the distance between partners'knowledge components on collaborative innovation[J].European Management Review,2012,9(2):85-98.
[16]QIAN Y,LIANG J,DANG C.Knowledge structure,knowledge granulation and knowledge distance in a knowledge base[J].International Journal of Approximate Reasoning,2009,50(1):174-188.
[17]SALAZAR A,GONZALEZ J M H,DUYSTERS G,et al.The value for innovation of inter-firm networks and forming alliances:a meta-analytic model of indirect effects[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2016,64:285-298.
[18]TSAI W.Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[19]KRAAIJENBRINK J,WIJNHOVEN F,GROEN A.Towards a kernel theory of external knowledge integration for high-tech firms:exploring a failed theory test[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2007,74(8):1215-1233.
[20]SHIRI G,SAUVEE L,ABDIRAHMAN Z Z.Bridge and redundant ties in networks:the impact on innovation in food SMEs[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,2015,18(3):355-379.
[21]DELBUFALO E.The influence of supply network structure on firm’s multiple innovation capabilities:a longitudinal study in the fashion industry[J].Management Decision,2015,53(10):2475-2476.
[22]张朝宾,吴洁,黄伟,等.网络结构与组织间知识转移绩效关系的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(19):112-116.
[23]VOELKL B,NOE R.The influence of social structure on the propagation of social information in artificial primate groups:agraph-based simulation approach[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2008,252(1):77-86.
[24]DUSSAUGE P,GARRETTE B,MITCHELL W.Learning from competing partners:outcomes and durations of scale and link alliances in Europe,North America and Asia[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(2):99-126.
[25]DEMIRKAN I,DEEDS D L.Evolution of research collaboration networks and their impact on firm innovation output[M]//Understanding the Relationship Between Networks and Technology,Creativity and Innovation.Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2014:67-95.
[26]GOERZEN A,BEAMISH P W.The effect of alliance network diversity on multinational enterprise performance[J].Strategi Management Journal,2005,26(4):333-354.
[27]LIU C L E,ZHANG Y.Learning process and capability formation in cross-border buyer-supplier relationships:a qualitative case study of Taiwanese technological firms[J].International Business Review,2014,23(4):718-730.
[28]GARCIA F,AVELLA L,FERNANDEZ E.Learning from exporting:the moderating effect of technological capabilities[J].International Business Review,2012,21(6):1099-1111.
[29]詹勇飞,和金生.基于知识整合的知识网络研究[J].研究与发展管理,2009,21(3):28-32.
[30]CANTNER U,MEDER A,TER WAL A L J.Innovator networks and regional knowledge base[J].Technovation,2010,30(9):496-507.
[31]WANG M C,CHEN P C,FANG S C.A critical view of knowledge networks and innovation performance:the mediation role of firms'knowledge integration capability[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88:222-233.
[32]周密,赵文红,宋红媛.基于知识特性的知识距离对知识转移影响研究[J].科学学研究,2015,7(33):1059-1068.
[33]CUMMINGS J L,TENG B-S.Transferring R&D knowledge:the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2003,20(1):39-68.
[34]LAI H C,WENG C S.Do technology alliances benefit technological diversification?the effects of technological knowledge distance,network centrality and complementary assets[J].Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,2013,21(1):136-152.
[35]MILLER D J,FERN M J,CARDINAL L B.The use of knowledge for technological innovation within diversified firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):307-325.
[36]KUMAR U,KUMAR V,DE GROSBOIS D.Development of technological capability by Cuban hospitality organizations[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2008,27(1):12-22.
[37]KYLAHEIKO K,JANTUNEN A,PUUMALAINEN K,et al.Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies:the role of technological capabilities and appropriability[J].International Business Review,2011,20(5):508-520.
[38]SALAVISA I,SOUSA C,FONTES M.Topologies of innovation networks in knowledge-intensive sectors:sectoral differences in the access to knowledge and complementary assets through formal and informal ties[J].Technovation,2012,32(6):380-399.
[39]JU T L,LI C Y,LEE T S.A contingency model for knowledge management capability and innovation[J].Industrial Management&Data Systems,2006,106(6):855-877.
[40]PODSAKOFF P M,MACKENZIE S B,LEE J Y,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879.
[41]温忠麟,叶宝娟.有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补[J].心理学报,2014,46(5):714-726.