分布式多参数光纤传感技术研究进展
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摘要
分布式光纤传感系统利用光纤既能传感又能传输信号的特性实现对光纤沿线振动、应变、温度等物理量的长距离连续测量,在周界安防、电网管道监控、大型结构健康监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。上述的实际应用中,事件或故障的发生通常表现为振动、应变以及温度等物理量的改变,振动的探测频响高低、应变探测的动态响应能力以及多参数的同时测量都会影响事件的定位或预警。因此,振动的宽频测量、应变的动态测量以及多参数测量,对事件定位和信息完整捕获起着至关重要的作用,能够推动分布式光纤传感的应用发展。本文介绍了近年来在分布式光纤传感系统中,基于瑞利散射的宽频振动测量、基于布里渊散射的应变动态测量以及基于多散射的多参数测量取得的研究进展。
Based on the fiber's characteristics of both sensing and transmission for physical signal, distributed fiber sensing system can realize long-distance and continuous measurement of the strain, temperature and vibration along fiber, which has a great promise in applications of the perimeter security, electric wire and pipeline monitoring, structural health diagnosis for large infrastructure, and so on. The occurrence of events or failures usually causes the changes of multiple parameters such as vibration, strain and temperature, whose measurement contributes to fault diagnosis and intrusion recognition along sensing fiber. This paper overviews the recent progress in distributed fiber sensing systems, including wide-frequency vibration measurement based on Rayleigh scattering, dynamic measurement of strain based on Brillouin scattering and multi-parameter measurement based on multiple scattering mechanisms.
Based on the fiber's characteristics of both sensing and transmission for physical signal, distributed fiber sensing system can realize long-distance and continuous measurement of the strain, temperature and vibration along fiber, which has a great promise in applications of the perimeter security, electric wire and pipeline monitoring, structural health diagnosis for large infrastructure, and so on. The occurrence of events or failures usually causes the changes of multiple parameters such as vibration, strain and temperature, whose measurement contributes to fault diagnosis and intrusion recognition along sensing fiber. This paper overviews the recent progress in distributed fiber sensing systems, including wide-frequency vibration measurement based on Rayleigh scattering, dynamic measurement of strain based on Brillouin scattering and multi-parameter measurement based on multiple scattering mechanisms.
引文
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[15]Peng F,Wu H,Jia X H,et al.Ultra-long high-sensitivityφ-OTDR for high spatial resolution intrusion detection of pipelines[J].Optics Express,2014,22(11):13804–13810.
[16]Maraval D,Gabet R,Jaouen Y,et al.Dynamic optical fiber sensing with brillouin optical time domain reflectometry:Application to pipeline vibration monitoring[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(16):3296–3302.
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[18]Lu Y L,Zhu T,Chen L,et al.Distributed vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3243–3249.
[19]Bergman A,Yaron L,Langer T,et al.Dynamic and distributed slope-assisted fiber strain sensing based on optical time-domain analysis of brillouin dynamic gratings[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(12):2611–2616.
[20]Fang J,Xu P B,Dong Y K,et al.Single-shot distributed Brillouin optical time domain analyzer[J].Optics Express,2017,25(13):15188–15198.
[21]Zhu T,He Q,Xiao X H,et al.Modulated pulses based distributed vibration sensing with high frequency response and spatial resolution[J].Optics Express,2013,21(3):2953–2963.
[22]He Q.Study on the fiber optical distributed wide-frequency vibration sensing based onφ-OTDR[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.何茜.基于φ-OTDR的光纤分布式宽频振动传感技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[23]He Q,Zhu T,Xiao X H,et al.All fiber distributed vibration sensing using modulated time-difference pulses[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2013,25(20):1955–1957.
[24]He Q,Zhu T,Zhou J,et al.Frequency response enhancement by periodical nonuniform sampling in distributed sensing[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2015,27(20):2158–2161.
[25]He H J,Shao L Y,Li Z L,et al.Distributed vibration sensing with high frequency response based on frequency division multiplexing[C]//Proceedings of 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition,2016.
[26]Yang G Y,Fan X Y,Liu Q W,et al.Increasing the frequency response of direct-detection phase-sensitive OTDR by using frequency division multiplexing[C]//Proceedings of 2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference,2017:103238F.
[27]Bernini R,Minardo A,Zeni L.Dynamic strain measurement in optical fibers by stimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Optics Letters,2009,34(17):2613–2615.
[28]Peled Y,Motil A,Yaron L,et al.Slope-assisted fast distributed sensing in optical fibers with arbitrary Brillouin profile[J].Optics Express,2011,19(21):19845–19854.
[29]Jin C,Guo N,Feng Y H,et al.Scanning-free BOTDA based on ultra-fine digital optical frequency comb[J].Optics Express,2015,23(4):5277–5284.
[30]Hu J H,Xia L,Yang L,et al.Strain-induced vibration and temperature sensing BOTDA system combined frequency sweeping and slope-assisted techniques[J].Optics Express,2016,24(12):13610–13620.
[31]Zhou J.Research on the key techniques of multiple parameters of the distributed optical sensing system[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.周进.多参数分布式光纤传感系统关键技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[32]Zhang J D,Zhu T,Zhou H,et al.High spatial resolution distributed fiber system for multi-parameter sensing based on modulated pulses[J].Optics Express,2016,24(24):27482–27493.
[33]Peng F,Cao X L.A hybridφ/B-OTDR for simultaneous vibration and strain measurement[J].Photonic Sensors,2016,6(2):121–126.
[2]Ki?lik B.Fibre optic distributed sensor in Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration[C]//Modern Problems of Radio Engineering,Telecommunications and Computer Science,2002.
[3]Sun Q Z,Liu D M,Wang J,et al.Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor using a ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Optics Communications,2008,281(6):1538–1544.
[4]Zhu T,Xiao X H,He Q,et al.Enhancement of SNR and spatial resolution inφ-OTDR system by using two-dimensional edge detection method[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(17):2851–2856.
[5]Dong Y K,Xu P B,Fu C,et al.1200℃high-temperature distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing based on photonics crystal fiber[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2015,9634:963485.
[6]Kim Y H,Song K Y.Tailored pump compensation for Brillouin optical time-domain analysis with distributed Brillouin amplification[J].Optics Express,2017,25(13):14098–14105.
[7]Bolognini G,Hartog A.Raman-based fibre sensors:trends and applications[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2013,19(6):678–688.
[8]Zhu C H,Zhao Y,Wang J P,et al.Ensemble recognition of fiber intrusion behavior based on blending features[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2016,43(12):6–12.朱程辉,赵益,王建平,等.光纤入侵行为融合特征的集成识别[J].光电工程,2016,43(12):6–12.
[9]Rao Y J.Recent progress in ultra-long distributed fiber-optic sensing[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(7):139–157.饶云江.长距离分布式光纤传感技术研究进展[J].物理学报,2017,66(7):139–157.
[10]Ye X W,Su Y H,Han J P.Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure using optical fiber sensing technology:A comprehensive review[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:652329.
[11]Khalid M,David K P.A review of hybrid fiber-optic distributed simultaneous vibration and temperature sensing technology and its geophysical applications[J].Sensors,2017,17(11):2511–2535.
[12]Inaudi D,Glisic B.Long-range pipeline monitoring by distributed fiber optic sensing[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2010,132(1):763–772.
[13]Tejedor J,Martins H F,Piote D,et al.Toward prevention of pipeline integrity threats using a smart fiber-optic surveillance system[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2016,34(19):4445–4453.
[14]Peng F,Duan N,Rao Y J,et al.Real-time position and speed monitoring of trains using phase-sensitive OTDR[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2014,26(20):2055–2057.
[15]Peng F,Wu H,Jia X H,et al.Ultra-long high-sensitivityφ-OTDR for high spatial resolution intrusion detection of pipelines[J].Optics Express,2014,22(11):13804–13810.
[16]Maraval D,Gabet R,Jaouen Y,et al.Dynamic optical fiber sensing with brillouin optical time domain reflectometry:Application to pipeline vibration monitoring[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,35(16):3296–3302.
[17]Chen F C,Dai J,Yu C Q,et al.Distributed raman fiber sensing system with fiber-ring calibration and double-ended probe[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2016,43(8):33–38.陈福昌,戴杰,余超群,等.光纤环校正双端探测分布式拉曼光纤传感系统[J].光电工程,2016,43(8):33–38.
[18]Lu Y L,Zhu T,Chen L,et al.Distributed vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2010,28(22):3243–3249.
[19]Bergman A,Yaron L,Langer T,et al.Dynamic and distributed slope-assisted fiber strain sensing based on optical time-domain analysis of brillouin dynamic gratings[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(12):2611–2616.
[20]Fang J,Xu P B,Dong Y K,et al.Single-shot distributed Brillouin optical time domain analyzer[J].Optics Express,2017,25(13):15188–15198.
[21]Zhu T,He Q,Xiao X H,et al.Modulated pulses based distributed vibration sensing with high frequency response and spatial resolution[J].Optics Express,2013,21(3):2953–2963.
[22]He Q.Study on the fiber optical distributed wide-frequency vibration sensing based onφ-OTDR[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.何茜.基于φ-OTDR的光纤分布式宽频振动传感技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[23]He Q,Zhu T,Xiao X H,et al.All fiber distributed vibration sensing using modulated time-difference pulses[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2013,25(20):1955–1957.
[24]He Q,Zhu T,Zhou J,et al.Frequency response enhancement by periodical nonuniform sampling in distributed sensing[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2015,27(20):2158–2161.
[25]He H J,Shao L Y,Li Z L,et al.Distributed vibration sensing with high frequency response based on frequency division multiplexing[C]//Proceedings of 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition,2016.
[26]Yang G Y,Fan X Y,Liu Q W,et al.Increasing the frequency response of direct-detection phase-sensitive OTDR by using frequency division multiplexing[C]//Proceedings of 2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference,2017:103238F.
[27]Bernini R,Minardo A,Zeni L.Dynamic strain measurement in optical fibers by stimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Optics Letters,2009,34(17):2613–2615.
[28]Peled Y,Motil A,Yaron L,et al.Slope-assisted fast distributed sensing in optical fibers with arbitrary Brillouin profile[J].Optics Express,2011,19(21):19845–19854.
[29]Jin C,Guo N,Feng Y H,et al.Scanning-free BOTDA based on ultra-fine digital optical frequency comb[J].Optics Express,2015,23(4):5277–5284.
[30]Hu J H,Xia L,Yang L,et al.Strain-induced vibration and temperature sensing BOTDA system combined frequency sweeping and slope-assisted techniques[J].Optics Express,2016,24(12):13610–13620.
[31]Zhou J.Research on the key techniques of multiple parameters of the distributed optical sensing system[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.周进.多参数分布式光纤传感系统关键技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[32]Zhang J D,Zhu T,Zhou H,et al.High spatial resolution distributed fiber system for multi-parameter sensing based on modulated pulses[J].Optics Express,2016,24(24):27482–27493.
[33]Peng F,Cao X L.A hybridφ/B-OTDR for simultaneous vibration and strain measurement[J].Photonic Sensors,2016,6(2):121–126.