TOF-PET前端电子系统设计与实现
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摘要
飞行时间技术(TOF)的应用显著的提高了PET系统输出图像的信噪比,但同时也对电子学系统的测量性能提出了更高的要求。前端电子系统是连接探测器与图像输出的桥梁,较大程度上影响了系统的整体分辨能力。本文从前端电子系统采集的角度出发,以优化现有系统的时间分辨性能与能量分辨性能为目的,分析TOF技术对前端电子系统的设计需求,并对其进行实施与测试。结果表明设计得到的全局时钟抖动小于10 ps;基于JESD204B协议的ADC采集方案可以使目前的PET系统能量分辨率低于12%;基于CFD和FPGA-TDC的时间测量技术可以使时间分辨率达到100 ps,满足系统预期设计需求。
The application of time of flight(TOF)technology significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of positron emission tomography(PET)system,but also puts forward higher requirements on the timing performance of measurement system. The front-end circuit is a bridge connecting the detector and the image output,which can greatly affect the time resolving ability of system.In order to improve the time and energy resolving ability of the existing system,the paper analyzes the design requirements of TOF technology on front-end electronics,and the circuit was implemented and tested.The results show that the global clock jitter is less than 10 ps and the energy resolution can be less than12% based on JESD204 B standard of ADC to FPGA. Besides,the time resolution can achieve 100 ps based on CFD and FPGA-TDC,which meets the design requirements of TOF system.
The application of time of flight(TOF)technology significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of positron emission tomography(PET)system,but also puts forward higher requirements on the timing performance of measurement system. The front-end circuit is a bridge connecting the detector and the image output,which can greatly affect the time resolving ability of system.In order to improve the time and energy resolving ability of the existing system,the paper analyzes the design requirements of TOF technology on front-end electronics,and the circuit was implemented and tested.The results show that the global clock jitter is less than 10 ps and the energy resolution can be less than12% based on JESD204 B standard of ADC to FPGA. Besides,the time resolution can achieve 100 ps based on CFD and FPGA-TDC,which meets the design requirements of TOF system.
引文
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[16]贾云飞,钟志鹏,许孟强,等.基于码密度法的时间数字转换器非线性校正方法研究[J].测控技术,2015,34(1):142-145.
[17]张召磊,孙晓伟,夏德新,等.高精度频率分辨在振动信号辨识中的应用[J].火箭推进,2017(2):66-71.
[18]张志豪,张晰哲,邓永锋,等.永磁约束电子束轨迹实验研究[J].火箭推进,2017(1):43-49.
[19]吴旭涛,郭飞,马波,等. GIS现场冲击耐压试验用冲击电压发生器电路参数分析和设计[J].陕西电力,2017(4):74-79.
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[2] Yamaya T. Innovation and future technologies for PETscanners.[J].IgakuButsuri,2014,35(1):16-23.
[3] Jones T,Townsend D. History and future technical innovation in positron emission tomography[J].Journal of Medical Imaging,2017,4(1):011013.
[4] Vandenberghe S,Mikhaylova E,D’Hoe E,et al.Recent developments in time-of-flight PET[J].Ejnmmi Physics,2016,3(1):3.
[5] Ullah M N,Pratiwi E,Cheon J,et al. Instrumentation for time-of-flight positron emission tomography[J]. Nuclear Medicine&Molecular Imaging,2016,50(2):1-11.
[6] Surti S. Update on time-of-flight PET imaging.[J].Journal of Nuclear Medicine Official Publication Society of Nuclear Medicine,2015,56(1):98.
[7] Gundacker S,Knapitsch A,Auffray E,et al. Time resolution deterioration with increasing crystal length in a TOF-PET system[J]. Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research A,2014,737(2):92-100.
[8] Francesco A D,Bugalho R,Oliveira L,et al.TOFPET 2:a high-performance circuit for PET time-of-flight[J]. Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research A,2016(824):194-195.
[9] Choong W S,Peng Q,Vu C Q,et al. High-performance electronics for time-of-flight PET systems[J]. Journal of Instrumentation An Iop&Sissa Journal,2013,8(1):T01006.
[10]Ahmad S,Fleury J,Taille C D L,et al. Triroc:a multi-channel SiPM read-out ASIC for PET/PETToF application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2014,62(3):664-668.
[11]涂申俊.基于FPGA的全局时钟分配和TDC模块研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011
[12]欧阳靖,姚亚峰,霍兴华,等.JESD204B协议中自同步加解扰电路设计与实现[J].电子设计工程,2017,25(7):148-151.
[13]王希.基于线性光电器件的PET闪烁脉冲数字化方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.
[14]Choong W S. Timing resolution of scintillationdetector systems:a Monte Carlo analysis[J].Physics inMedicine&Biology,2009,54(21):6495.
[15]郭红玉,余庆龙,荆涛.TDC-GPX在飞行时间测量系统中的应用[J].电子设计工程,2018,26(10):49-52.
[16]贾云飞,钟志鹏,许孟强,等.基于码密度法的时间数字转换器非线性校正方法研究[J].测控技术,2015,34(1):142-145.
[17]张召磊,孙晓伟,夏德新,等.高精度频率分辨在振动信号辨识中的应用[J].火箭推进,2017(2):66-71.
[18]张志豪,张晰哲,邓永锋,等.永磁约束电子束轨迹实验研究[J].火箭推进,2017(1):43-49.
[19]吴旭涛,郭飞,马波,等. GIS现场冲击耐压试验用冲击电压发生器电路参数分析和设计[J].陕西电力,2017(4):74-79.
[20]唐斌运,徐鸿鹏,刘洋,等.发动机组合件试车架数字化设计方法[J].火箭推进,2018(4):68-72.