营养液膜(NFT)栽培试验仪的设计
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摘要
营养液膜(NFT)栽培模式具备稳产、高产、易于工厂化等优点。为提高NFT生产效率,挖掘生产潜能,开发了NFT栽培试验仪。该设备采用多路栽培槽并行种植的方式,通过更换栽培槽盖板、增减栽培槽即可调整待测试作物栽培密度和试验株数;模拟主流的NFT生产装置,营养液贮存在混肥桶内,在灌溉泵驱动下流过栽培槽后经过紫外灯杀菌除藻后回流到桶内;系统以触摸屏为控制核心,环境温度、湿度、光照度与营养液温度、EC、pH等参数均选用RS485/MODBUS型传感器由触摸屏采集,液位高低的数字信号由串口输入输出板传至触摸屏,触摸屏通过串口继电器板驱动灌溉泵、搅拌泵、进水电磁阀、电动排水阀、紫外灯等设备;控制软件运行在触摸屏上,通过友好的人机界面实现了自动混肥、自动洁桶、自动洗槽、自动补水、计划灌溉、监测报警、数据记录等功能;系统还设计了手动灌溉、急停等功能。使用8个栽培槽,每个槽20cm株距,1次可测试200株植物规格的单台栽培试验仪即可开展品种筛选、抗病性测试等试验,多台组合则可进一步开展营养液配比、灌溉参数等试验。
Nutrient film technique(NFT)provides the advantages of rendering consistent high output and easy production scale-upin conducting experiments on plant cultivation.In order to maximizeprocess efficiency and develop potentials.NFT Cultivation Tester was developed.The tester consisted of a fertilizer mixing barrel for blending and storing nutrient solution,agroup of cultivation tanks with exchangable covers,an irrigation pump,a mixing pump,a solenoid valve,an electric drain valve,a UV sterilizer,and a temperature sensor,as well as EC,pH and electrical control systems.All components were mounted on a sturdy stainless steel frame.Like the mainstream NFT vegetable cultivation systems,the tester also allowed the nutrient solution held in the mixing barrel run through a series of parallel cultivation tanks,a filter,andan online UV sterilizer before returning to the barrel by a controlled irrigation pump.As the core of electrical control system,HMI read ambient temperature,humidity,illumination,as well as the temperature,EC,and pH of the nutrient solution by various sensors.With the communication protocol,RS485/MODBUS,the operations of the peripheral equipment were controlled with input output boards.The software package contained the automatic functions including fertilizer mixing,barrel cleaning,tank washing,water replenishment,irrigationplanning,monitoring/alarm,and data logging.The system was also equipped with manual irrigation and emergency stop functions.Spacing and number of plants for testing could be easily adjusted by using cultivation tank covers of varied spacings and holes.A typical test might use 8tanks with covers having holes sapced 20 cm center-to-center apart to handle 200 plants simultaneously for 8treatments.Any experiment for crop variety selection and/or disease resistance could be efficiently conducted in a NFT Cultivation Tester.By using multiple Testers,optimizations on nutrient solution formulation,irrigation parameters,etc.might be conducted without difficulty.
Nutrient film technique(NFT)provides the advantages of rendering consistent high output and easy production scale-upin conducting experiments on plant cultivation.In order to maximizeprocess efficiency and develop potentials.NFT Cultivation Tester was developed.The tester consisted of a fertilizer mixing barrel for blending and storing nutrient solution,agroup of cultivation tanks with exchangable covers,an irrigation pump,a mixing pump,a solenoid valve,an electric drain valve,a UV sterilizer,and a temperature sensor,as well as EC,pH and electrical control systems.All components were mounted on a sturdy stainless steel frame.Like the mainstream NFT vegetable cultivation systems,the tester also allowed the nutrient solution held in the mixing barrel run through a series of parallel cultivation tanks,a filter,andan online UV sterilizer before returning to the barrel by a controlled irrigation pump.As the core of electrical control system,HMI read ambient temperature,humidity,illumination,as well as the temperature,EC,and pH of the nutrient solution by various sensors.With the communication protocol,RS485/MODBUS,the operations of the peripheral equipment were controlled with input output boards.The software package contained the automatic functions including fertilizer mixing,barrel cleaning,tank washing,water replenishment,irrigationplanning,monitoring/alarm,and data logging.The system was also equipped with manual irrigation and emergency stop functions.Spacing and number of plants for testing could be easily adjusted by using cultivation tank covers of varied spacings and holes.A typical test might use 8tanks with covers having holes sapced 20 cm center-to-center apart to handle 200 plants simultaneously for 8treatments.Any experiment for crop variety selection and/or disease resistance could be efficiently conducted in a NFT Cultivation Tester.By using multiple Testers,optimizations on nutrient solution formulation,irrigation parameters,etc.might be conducted without difficulty.
引文
[1]MARTIN CALDEYRO-STAJANO ING.AGR.(M.Sc).Simplified Hydroponics as an Appropriate Technology to Implement Food Security in Urban Agriculture[J].Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses,2004,76:1-6.
[2]陈海生,崔绍荣.营养液膜栽培和深水培对樱桃番茄叶水势影响[J].农机化研究,2005,(4):57-59.
[3]徐林娟,邓勋飞,陶国富,等.番茄NFT栽培系统中基于叶水势的合理供水研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2006,32(3):313-317.
[4]牛静娟,曹东兴.无土栽培营养液自动配比控制系统研究[J].科技信息:学术版,2007,(15):92-93.
[5]PORTELA I P,ROKRIGUES S,PEIL R M N.Productivity and quality of strawberry in NFT hydroponic system[J].Frutas e Hortalicas:Tecnologia,Sustentabilidade e Saude,2014,26:2153-2157.
[6]BARRERA-PUGA P,VAZQUEZ-PENA M A,ARTEAGARAMIREZ R,et al.Tomato quality and yield varying calcium in a NFT system in greenhouse[J].Ingenieria Agricola y Biosistemas,2011,3(2):49-55.
[7]孟力力,羊杏平,夏明霞,等.奶白菜的NFT水培技术简介[J].长江蔬菜,2010,(13):27-28.
[8]陈海生,崔绍荣.营养液膜栽培和深水培对樱桃番茄叶水势影响[J].农机化研究,2005,(4):57-59.
[9]陈海生,刘天宝,郑春明,等.营养液膜水培樱桃番茄对弱光的逆境适应性[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(12):44-45.
[10]赵根,张志友,韩明丽,等.芹菜的NFT工厂化栽培技术[J].浙江农业科学,2013,(1):22-23.
[11]SINGER S M,HAMZA A E,EL-SAMAD E H A,et al.Growth,yield and mineral contents of lettuce cultivars grown in nutrient film technique(NFT)at different transplanting dates[J].Research Journal of Pharmaceutical,Biological and Chemical Sciences,2015,6(1):172-183.
[12]SMOLEN S,KOWALSKA I,SADY W.Assessment of biofortification with iodine and selenium of lettuce cultivated in the NFT hydroponic system[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,166:9-16.
[13]SCHUCH M W,PEIL R M N,NASCIMENTO D C.Growth of blueberry cultivars in NFT hydroponic system[J].Acta Horticulturae,2012,952:871-875.
[14]王尧,宋卫堂,乔晓军.水培番茄、黄瓜营养液管理专家系统的构建[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(5):254-257.
[15]李珣.多变量预测控制在水培营养液控制系统中的应用[J].现代化农业,2005,(9):29-31.
[16]王久兴.深液流管道水培系统的研制[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(1):101-103.
[17]宋媛媛,徐生林,杨成忠.水培水质监控系统实时数据管理[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(7):55-56.
[18]魏灵玲,杨其长,汪晓云,等.多功能水耕栽培装置营养液自控系统的研制及应用效果[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):222-225.
[19]王玉彦,朱国鹏,张柱岐.蔬菜水培系统的改进设计及应用试验[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,(4):411-415.
[20]朱亚萍,郑卫红.水培种植营养液控制系统研究[J].中国农机化,2009,(4):66-68.
[2]陈海生,崔绍荣.营养液膜栽培和深水培对樱桃番茄叶水势影响[J].农机化研究,2005,(4):57-59.
[3]徐林娟,邓勋飞,陶国富,等.番茄NFT栽培系统中基于叶水势的合理供水研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2006,32(3):313-317.
[4]牛静娟,曹东兴.无土栽培营养液自动配比控制系统研究[J].科技信息:学术版,2007,(15):92-93.
[5]PORTELA I P,ROKRIGUES S,PEIL R M N.Productivity and quality of strawberry in NFT hydroponic system[J].Frutas e Hortalicas:Tecnologia,Sustentabilidade e Saude,2014,26:2153-2157.
[6]BARRERA-PUGA P,VAZQUEZ-PENA M A,ARTEAGARAMIREZ R,et al.Tomato quality and yield varying calcium in a NFT system in greenhouse[J].Ingenieria Agricola y Biosistemas,2011,3(2):49-55.
[7]孟力力,羊杏平,夏明霞,等.奶白菜的NFT水培技术简介[J].长江蔬菜,2010,(13):27-28.
[8]陈海生,崔绍荣.营养液膜栽培和深水培对樱桃番茄叶水势影响[J].农机化研究,2005,(4):57-59.
[9]陈海生,刘天宝,郑春明,等.营养液膜水培樱桃番茄对弱光的逆境适应性[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(12):44-45.
[10]赵根,张志友,韩明丽,等.芹菜的NFT工厂化栽培技术[J].浙江农业科学,2013,(1):22-23.
[11]SINGER S M,HAMZA A E,EL-SAMAD E H A,et al.Growth,yield and mineral contents of lettuce cultivars grown in nutrient film technique(NFT)at different transplanting dates[J].Research Journal of Pharmaceutical,Biological and Chemical Sciences,2015,6(1):172-183.
[12]SMOLEN S,KOWALSKA I,SADY W.Assessment of biofortification with iodine and selenium of lettuce cultivated in the NFT hydroponic system[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,166:9-16.
[13]SCHUCH M W,PEIL R M N,NASCIMENTO D C.Growth of blueberry cultivars in NFT hydroponic system[J].Acta Horticulturae,2012,952:871-875.
[14]王尧,宋卫堂,乔晓军.水培番茄、黄瓜营养液管理专家系统的构建[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(5):254-257.
[15]李珣.多变量预测控制在水培营养液控制系统中的应用[J].现代化农业,2005,(9):29-31.
[16]王久兴.深液流管道水培系统的研制[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(1):101-103.
[17]宋媛媛,徐生林,杨成忠.水培水质监控系统实时数据管理[J].工业控制计算机,2007,20(7):55-56.
[18]魏灵玲,杨其长,汪晓云,等.多功能水耕栽培装置营养液自控系统的研制及应用效果[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):222-225.
[19]王玉彦,朱国鹏,张柱岐.蔬菜水培系统的改进设计及应用试验[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,(4):411-415.
[20]朱亚萍,郑卫红.水培种植营养液控制系统研究[J].中国农机化,2009,(4):66-68.