氮肥运筹对苏达盐碱地水稻品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】本文研究了不同氮肥处理对苏达盐碱地水稻的碾磨品质、外观品质、营养品质以及食味品质的影响。【方法】以垦粳7号和垦粳8号为材料,在大田条件下设置氮肥基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥比例分别为0(N0)、6∶4∶0∶0(N1)、5∶3∶0∶2(N2)、4∶3∶1∶2(N3)、4∶3∶1∶2(0.9N3,施氮总量减少10%)5个处理。【结果】全生育期施氮量150 kg/hm~2时提高调节肥与穗肥占总施氮量的比例,2品种的精米率和整精米率下降,稻米垩白度与垩白率显著降低,直链淀粉含量下降,稻米的蛋白质和食味品质得到提高。在相同氮肥分配比例(4∶3∶1∶2)下,氮肥总量减少10%时提高了垦粳7号的营养品质,垦粳8号的碾磨、外观、营养与食味品质得到提高。从兼顾稻米综合品质的角度考虑,生育期总施氮量为150 kg/hm~2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2条件利于垦粳7号品质的提升。生育期总施氮量为135 kg/hm~2,基肥∶蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶1∶2条件下垦粳8号稻米的各品质处于较优水平。垦粳7号的营养及外观品质优于垦粳8号,但垦粳8号食味品质和碾磨品质较好。【结论】综上可知,根据品种特性适当减氮以及提高调节肥与穗肥占总施氮量的比例利于稻米品质的改善。该研究结果可为盐碱地区的水稻氮肥合理运筹提供理论参考。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to the effects of different nitrogen treatments on milling quality, appearance quality, nutritional quality and eating quality of rice under soda-saline-alkali soil.【Method】Taking Kenjing7 and Kenjing8 as tested materials, the nitrogen fertilizers were set as base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer, and their percentage was 0(N0), 6∶4∶0∶0(N1), 5∶3∶0∶2(N2), 4∶3∶1∶2(N3), 4∶3∶1∶2(0.9 N3, the total amount of nitrogen reduced by 10 %) under the condition of the field.【Result】When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period was 150 kg/hm~2, the rate of fine rice and whole concentrate rice decreased, the chalkiness and chalkiness rate of rice decreased significantly, the content of amylose decreased, and the protein and taste quality of rice increased in the two varieties. Under the same nitrogen distribution ratio(4∶3∶1∶2), the nutrient quality of Kenjing7 was improved when the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 10 %, and the milling, appearance, nutrition and taste quality of Kenjing8 were improved. Considering the comprehensive quality of rice, the total nitrogen application amount during the growth period was 150 kg/hm~2, and basal fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer was 4∶3∶1∶2 condition, which was conducive to improving the quality of Kenjing 7. During the growth period, the total nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm~2, base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶the spike fertilizer was 4∶3∶1∶2, and the quality of rice variety Kenjing8 was at the best level. The nutrition and appearance quality of Kenjing 7 was better than that of Kenjing 8, but Kenjing 8 had better eating quality and milling quality.【Conclusion】In summary, the appropriate nitrogen reduction according to the variety characteristics and the ratio of regulating fertilizer and panicle fertilizer to total nitrogen amount was beneficial to the improvement of rice quality. The results can provide a theoretical reference for rational management of nitrogen fertilizer in rice in soda-saline-alkali soil.
【Objective】The present paper aimed to the effects of different nitrogen treatments on milling quality, appearance quality, nutritional quality and eating quality of rice under soda-saline-alkali soil.【Method】Taking Kenjing7 and Kenjing8 as tested materials, the nitrogen fertilizers were set as base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer, and their percentage was 0(N0), 6∶4∶0∶0(N1), 5∶3∶0∶2(N2), 4∶3∶1∶2(N3), 4∶3∶1∶2(0.9 N3, the total amount of nitrogen reduced by 10 %) under the condition of the field.【Result】When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the whole growth period was 150 kg/hm~2, the rate of fine rice and whole concentrate rice decreased, the chalkiness and chalkiness rate of rice decreased significantly, the content of amylose decreased, and the protein and taste quality of rice increased in the two varieties. Under the same nitrogen distribution ratio(4∶3∶1∶2), the nutrient quality of Kenjing7 was improved when the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 10 %, and the milling, appearance, nutrition and taste quality of Kenjing8 were improved. Considering the comprehensive quality of rice, the total nitrogen application amount during the growth period was 150 kg/hm~2, and basal fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer was 4∶3∶1∶2 condition, which was conducive to improving the quality of Kenjing 7. During the growth period, the total nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm~2, base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶adjusting fertilizer∶the spike fertilizer was 4∶3∶1∶2, and the quality of rice variety Kenjing8 was at the best level. The nutrition and appearance quality of Kenjing 7 was better than that of Kenjing 8, but Kenjing 8 had better eating quality and milling quality.【Conclusion】In summary, the appropriate nitrogen reduction according to the variety characteristics and the ratio of regulating fertilizer and panicle fertilizer to total nitrogen amount was beneficial to the improvement of rice quality. The results can provide a theoretical reference for rational management of nitrogen fertilizer in rice in soda-saline-alkali soil.
引文
[1]王晓煜,杨晓光,刘志娟,等.东北三省水稻干湿交替灌溉模式适宜性分区[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):111-120.
[2]周根友,翟彩娇,邓先亮,等.盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2018,32(2):146-154.
[3]陈露.江苏不同年代中粳稻品种对施氮量的响应及其生理机制[D].扬州大学,2014.
[4]Cassman K G,Harwood R R.The nature of agricultural systems:Food security and environmental balance[J].Food Policy,1995,20:439-454.
[5]薛菁芳,陈书强,潘国君,等.粳稻不同粒位上粒重和食味与其他品质性状的关系[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):129-135.
[6]陈书强,薛菁芳,潘国君,等.粳稻粒位间淀粉RVA谱特征与其它品质性状的关系[J].核农学报,2015,29(2):244-251.
[7]叶全宝,张洪程,李华,等.施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31:124-130.
[8]王艳,崔晶,王小波,等.施肥对中日水稻品系土壤养分及食味品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18:286-289.
[9]Zhu D W,Zhang H C,Guo B W,et al.Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(5):1018-1027.
[10]高辉,马群,李国业,等.氮肥水平对不同生育类型粳稻稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4543-4552.
[11]殷春渊,王书玉,刘贺梅,等.不同密度和施氮量对稻米品质特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(9):15-18.
[12]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林,等.不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻旌优127产量及稻米品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2007-2015.
[13]陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(12):1802-1816.
[14]程方民,钟连进.不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(3):187-191.
[15]Wopereis-Pura M M,Watanabe H,Moreira J,et al.Effect of late nitrogen application on rice yield,grain quality and profitability in the Senegal River valley[J].Eur J Agron,2002 (17):191-198.
[16]松岛省三.稻作的理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1979:237-244.
[17]邵子彬.机插水稻前氮中移对产量形成、氮素吸收利用及稻米品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[18]蔡一霞,徐大勇,朱庆森.稻米品质形成的生理基础研究进展[J].植物学通报,2004(4):419-428.
[19]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1219-1226.
[20]刘立军,王志琴,桑大志,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):46-50.
[21]胡群,夏敏,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):420-431.
[22]Borrell A K,Garside A L,Fukai S,et al.Grain quality of flooded rice is affected by season,nitrogen rate,and plant type[J].Aust J Agric Res,1999,50:1399-1408.
[23]Perez C M,Juliano B O,Liboon S P,et al.Effects of late nitrogen fertilizer application on head rice yield,protein content,and grain quality of rice[J].Cereal Chem,1996,73:556-560.
[24]杨静,罗秋香,钱春荣,等.氮素对稻米蛋白质组分含量及蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2006(2):145-150.
[25]潘圣刚,翟晶,曹凑贵,等.氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):522-527.
[26]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,等.施氮量和栽插密度对超高产水稻中早22产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008(5):507-512.
[27]崔月峰,孙国才,卢铁钢,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻铁粳7号产量形成及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(8):1760-1763+1767.
[28]Sun J,Hou C Y,Zhang S Y.Effect of protein on the rheological properties of rice flour[J].J Food Process Preservation,2008,32:987-1001.
[2]周根友,翟彩娇,邓先亮,等.盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2018,32(2):146-154.
[3]陈露.江苏不同年代中粳稻品种对施氮量的响应及其生理机制[D].扬州大学,2014.
[4]Cassman K G,Harwood R R.The nature of agricultural systems:Food security and environmental balance[J].Food Policy,1995,20:439-454.
[5]薛菁芳,陈书强,潘国君,等.粳稻不同粒位上粒重和食味与其他品质性状的关系[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):129-135.
[6]陈书强,薛菁芳,潘国君,等.粳稻粒位间淀粉RVA谱特征与其它品质性状的关系[J].核农学报,2015,29(2):244-251.
[7]叶全宝,张洪程,李华,等.施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31:124-130.
[8]王艳,崔晶,王小波,等.施肥对中日水稻品系土壤养分及食味品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18:286-289.
[9]Zhu D W,Zhang H C,Guo B W,et al.Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(5):1018-1027.
[10]高辉,马群,李国业,等.氮肥水平对不同生育类型粳稻稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4543-4552.
[11]殷春渊,王书玉,刘贺梅,等.不同密度和施氮量对稻米品质特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(9):15-18.
[12]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林,等.不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻旌优127产量及稻米品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(10):2007-2015.
[13]陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(12):1802-1816.
[14]程方民,钟连进.不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析[J].中国水稻科学,2001,15(3):187-191.
[15]Wopereis-Pura M M,Watanabe H,Moreira J,et al.Effect of late nitrogen application on rice yield,grain quality and profitability in the Senegal River valley[J].Eur J Agron,2002 (17):191-198.
[16]松岛省三.稻作的理论与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1979:237-244.
[17]邵子彬.机插水稻前氮中移对产量形成、氮素吸收利用及稻米品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[18]蔡一霞,徐大勇,朱庆森.稻米品质形成的生理基础研究进展[J].植物学通报,2004(4):419-428.
[19]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1219-1226.
[20]刘立军,王志琴,桑大志,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):46-50.
[21]胡群,夏敏,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):420-431.
[22]Borrell A K,Garside A L,Fukai S,et al.Grain quality of flooded rice is affected by season,nitrogen rate,and plant type[J].Aust J Agric Res,1999,50:1399-1408.
[23]Perez C M,Juliano B O,Liboon S P,et al.Effects of late nitrogen fertilizer application on head rice yield,protein content,and grain quality of rice[J].Cereal Chem,1996,73:556-560.
[24]杨静,罗秋香,钱春荣,等.氮素对稻米蛋白质组分含量及蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2006(2):145-150.
[25]潘圣刚,翟晶,曹凑贵,等.氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):522-527.
[26]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,等.施氮量和栽插密度对超高产水稻中早22产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2008(5):507-512.
[27]崔月峰,孙国才,卢铁钢,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻铁粳7号产量形成及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(8):1760-1763+1767.
[28]Sun J,Hou C Y,Zhang S Y.Effect of protein on the rheological properties of rice flour[J].J Food Process Preservation,2008,32:987-1001.