基于聚类分析的不同完美类型者心理特点研究
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摘要
目的采用聚类分析法划分大学生的完美类型,根据研究结果剖析对比不同类型之间心理特点的差异。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取310位在校生,对他们进行以下问卷测试,分别包括Hewitt多维完美主义量表(HMPS)、Frost多维完美主义量表(FMPS)、近乎完美主义量表修订版(APS-R)、正负向情绪量表(PANAS)、Beck抑郁量表(BDI)、状态焦虑量表(S-AI)、和生活满意度问卷(CMSLSS)。结果从所使用的三个完美主义量表中获取出完美的二阶因素,以其为划分并对其进行快速聚类分析,从而得到三类即适应良好完美类型者、适应不良完美类型者与非完美类型者。通过多因变量方差分析得出这三类群体存在不同心理特点:在正向心理指标(正向情绪和生活满意度)上,适应良好完美类型者的分值高于适应不良完美类型者,而在负向心理指标(负向情绪、焦虑状态和抑郁)上其分值比适应不良完美类型者低。结论各完美主义类型者在心理健康表现上存在明显差异,适应良好完美类型者的心理健康程度为最佳,非完美类型者次之,而适应不良完美类型者的心理健康水平最低。
Objective Cluster analysis is used to divide the perfect type of college students.According to the results of the study,the differences of psychological characteristics between different types are analyzed and compared.Methods 310 students were selected from students,including Hewitt,HMPS,Frost,FMPS,APS-R,PANAS,Beck,S-AI and CMSLSS(BDI),respectively.The questionnaire was included in the questionnaire.Results From the three Perfectionism Scales retrieved from a perfect second order factors,the division and the fast clustering analysis,thus resulting in that fit in well with the perfect type,adapt to the adverse perfect type and non-perfect type.By multivariate variance analysis,obtained the conclusion that the three groups have different psychological characteristics:on the positive psychological index(positive emotion and life satisfaction),to adapt to the perfect type of score higher than maladaptive perfect type,and in the negative to the psychological index(negative to mood,anxiety,and depression) on the scores than adapt to adverse perfect type were low.Conclusion There are obvious differences in mental health between different types of perfectionism,and it is the best to adapt to the mental health of the perfect type.This result can reflect the whole appearance of the perfect type structure,and has important significance to the perfection of the theory system of the type of perfectionism.At the same time,it is beneficial to the psychological counseling and clinical workers to correctly identify the three kinds of perfect,and to provide a theoretical basis for effective intervention in the treatment of treatment.
Objective Cluster analysis is used to divide the perfect type of college students.According to the results of the study,the differences of psychological characteristics between different types are analyzed and compared.Methods 310 students were selected from students,including Hewitt,HMPS,Frost,FMPS,APS-R,PANAS,Beck,S-AI and CMSLSS(BDI),respectively.The questionnaire was included in the questionnaire.Results From the three Perfectionism Scales retrieved from a perfect second order factors,the division and the fast clustering analysis,thus resulting in that fit in well with the perfect type,adapt to the adverse perfect type and non-perfect type.By multivariate variance analysis,obtained the conclusion that the three groups have different psychological characteristics:on the positive psychological index(positive emotion and life satisfaction),to adapt to the perfect type of score higher than maladaptive perfect type,and in the negative to the psychological index(negative to mood,anxiety,and depression) on the scores than adapt to adverse perfect type were low.Conclusion There are obvious differences in mental health between different types of perfectionism,and it is the best to adapt to the mental health of the perfect type.This result can reflect the whole appearance of the perfect type structure,and has important significance to the perfection of the theory system of the type of perfectionism.At the same time,it is beneficial to the psychological counseling and clinical workers to correctly identify the three kinds of perfect,and to provide a theoretical basis for effective intervention in the treatment of treatment.
引文
[1]张斌.不同完美类型大学生的心理特征[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2013,27(11):868-872.
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[3]Parker,WD.&Adkins,K.K.Perfectionism and the gifted.Roe per Review[J].1995,17:173-176[J].
[4]Schuler,PA.Perfectionism and gifted adolescents.The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education,II[J].2000,6(4):183-196.
[5]Hamachek DE.Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism[J].Psychol,1978,15(1):27-33.
[6]P arker WD.An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children[J].Amer Educ Res J,1997,34(3):545-562.
[7]Zi F.The Patterns of Perfectionism in Chinese Graduate Students and Their Relationship with Educational Environment,Personality,Encouragement,and Creativity[D].University of Georgia,D-Doctoral Dissertation,2003.
[8]Rice KG,Slaney RB.Clusters of perfectionists:Two studies of em otional adjustment and academic achievement[J].Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development,2002,35(1):35-48.
[9]Burns,D.The perfectionist's script for self-defeat.Psychology Today[J].1980,14(6):34-52.
[2]Adler,A.Striving for superiority.In H.L.Ansbacher&R.Ansbacher(Eds.),The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler:A Systematic Presentation in Selections from His Writings.New York:Harper&Row[M].1956:101-125.
[3]Parker,WD.&Adkins,K.K.Perfectionism and the gifted.Roe per Review[J].1995,17:173-176[J].
[4]Schuler,PA.Perfectionism and gifted adolescents.The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education,II[J].2000,6(4):183-196.
[5]Hamachek DE.Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism[J].Psychol,1978,15(1):27-33.
[6]P arker WD.An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children[J].Amer Educ Res J,1997,34(3):545-562.
[7]Zi F.The Patterns of Perfectionism in Chinese Graduate Students and Their Relationship with Educational Environment,Personality,Encouragement,and Creativity[D].University of Georgia,D-Doctoral Dissertation,2003.
[8]Rice KG,Slaney RB.Clusters of perfectionists:Two studies of em otional adjustment and academic achievement[J].Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development,2002,35(1):35-48.
[9]Burns,D.The perfectionist's script for self-defeat.Psychology Today[J].1980,14(6):34-52.