夏季角动量输送变化与中国东部降水的关系
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摘要
为研究夏季角动量输送与同期中国东部降水的关系,采用多变量方差分析方法及合成分析方法,确定1951-2014年夏季不同雨带类型对应的角动量输送相关区域,再将相关区区域平均角动量输送通量与夏季160站降水求相关找到显著高相关区。最后通过合成分析对比强弱角动量输送年对应的环流场发现角动量输送异常时对中国东部降水的影响机制。研究结果表明夏季角动量输送显著高相关区在(35°N～45°N,105°E～110°E)地区,该地区角动量输送与中国东部夏季Ⅰ、Ⅲ类雨型分布(即南北降水反相变化分布型)紧密联系。对比强弱输送年对应环流场的差异,发现当欧亚大陆中纬地区纬向环流异常时角动量向北输送减弱或增强,导致东亚副热带高空西风急流的南北移动,南北冷暖空气交界面南北移动,从而影响中国东部夏季南北降水反相变化分布。
In order to study the relationship between angular momentum transport and rainfall in eastern China in summer,the multivariate analysis of variance and synthetic method is used. Firstly,the regions relate to the angular momentum transport responding to the three types of rain patterns in eastern China in summer from 1951 to 2014 is determined.Then it is correlated with the summer precipitation at 160 stations in China to find the significant key area. Finally,the influence mechanism of the anomalous angular momentum transport on the precipitation in eastern China is found by comparing the circulation field corresponding to strong and weak angular momentum transport year using synthetic analysis. The results show that the significant key area of angular momentum transport lies in( 35 °N ～ 45 °N,105 °E ～120 °E),and it is closely related to the distribution of first and third rain patterns in summer in eastern China. By comparing the difference of the corresponding circulation field in the year of strong and weak angular momentum year,it is found that angular momentum transports decreases or strengthens northward when the zonal circulation is abnormal in the middle latitudes of Eurasia,causing the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream and the interface of cold and warm air to move toward north or south,ultimately affecting the reverse distribution of summer north and south precipitation in eastern China.
In order to study the relationship between angular momentum transport and rainfall in eastern China in summer,the multivariate analysis of variance and synthetic method is used. Firstly,the regions relate to the angular momentum transport responding to the three types of rain patterns in eastern China in summer from 1951 to 2014 is determined.Then it is correlated with the summer precipitation at 160 stations in China to find the significant key area. Finally,the influence mechanism of the anomalous angular momentum transport on the precipitation in eastern China is found by comparing the circulation field corresponding to strong and weak angular momentum transport year using synthetic analysis. The results show that the significant key area of angular momentum transport lies in( 35 °N ～ 45 °N,105 °E ～120 °E),and it is closely related to the distribution of first and third rain patterns in summer in eastern China. By comparing the difference of the corresponding circulation field in the year of strong and weak angular momentum year,it is found that angular momentum transports decreases or strengthens northward when the zonal circulation is abnormal in the middle latitudes of Eurasia,causing the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream and the interface of cold and warm air to move toward north or south,ultimately affecting the reverse distribution of summer north and south precipitation in eastern China.
引文
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[15]周春华.大气角动量平衡的气候及异常分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2003.
[16]杨玮,王盘兴,何金海,等.西风角动量输送的气候特征及其与急流关系研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):363-372.
[17] Buch H S.Hemispheric Wind Conditions During the Year 1950. Final Report Part 2,General Circulation Project,No[R]. AF 19-122-153. Dept.of Meteorology,Massachusetts,Inst. of Techn.,1954.
[18]叶笃正,邓根云.1950年平均经圈环流与角动量的平衡[J].气象学报,1956(4):27-41.
[19] Oort A H,Peixóto J P.Global Angular Momentum and Energy Balance Requirements from Observations[J]. Advances in Geophysics,1983,25(12):355-490.
[20] Abarca d R R,Gambis D,Salstein D A.Interannual signals in length of day and atmospheric angular momentum[J].Annales Geophysicae,2000,18(3):347-364.
[21] Peixoto J P,Oort A H.Physics of climate[M].Amer Inst of Physics,1992.
[22]晏红明,胡娟,周建琴,等.一个新的东亚副热带夏季风指数的定义[J].气象学报,2017,75(2):193-210.
[23]魏凤英,张先恭.我国东部夏季雨带类型的划分及预报[J].气象,1988,14(8):15-19.
[24]王绍武,叶瑾琳,龚道溢,等.中国东部夏季降水型的研究[J].应用气象学报,1998(s1):66-75.
[25]严华生,王学仁.多因变量及要素场统计预报[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:28-29.
[26]杨莲梅,张庆云.夏季亚洲副热带西风急流气候特征[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(1):10-20.
[27]杜银,张耀存,谢志清.东亚副热带西风急流位置变化及其对中国东部夏季降水异常分布的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(3):581-592.
[28]严华生,胡娟,范可,等.近50年来夏季西风指数变化与中国夏季降水的关系[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):717-726.
[29] Zhongda L,Riyu L. Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2005,22(2):199-211.
[2] Palmén,E.,and C.Newton.Atmospheric Circulation Systems[M].Academic Press,1969:603.
[3] Jeffreys H. On the dynamics of geostrophic winds[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1926,52:85-104.
[4] Starr V P. An essay on the general circulation of the earth’s atmosphere[J]. J. Meteor.,1948,5:39-43.
[5] Widger W K.A study of the flow of angular momentum in the atmosphere[J]. J. Meteor.,1949,6:291-299.
[6] Kidson J W,Vincent D G,Newell R E. Observational studies of the general circulation of the tropics:long term mean values[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1969,95(404):258-287.
[7] Newton C W.Global angular momentum balance:Earth torques and atmospheric fluxes[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1971,28(8):1329-1341.
[8] Oort A H,Bowman H D.A study of the mountain torque and its interannual variations in the Northern Hemisphere[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1974,31(8):1974-1982.
[9] White R M.The role of mountains in the angularmomentum balance of the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Meteorology,1949,6(5):353-355.
[10] Palmén E.On the relationship between meridional eddy transfer of angular momentum and meridional circulations in the earth's atmosphere[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1954,7(1):80-84.
[11]叶笃正,杨大昇.北半球大气中角動量的年变化和它的輸送机構[J].气象学报,1955(4):49-62.
[12] Mintz Y.The geostrophic poleward flux of angular momentum in the month of January 1949[J].Tellus,1951,3(3):195-200.
[13]叶笃正,朱抱真.大气环流的若干基本问题[M].北京:科学出版社,1958:89-104.
[14]吴国雄,Stefano Tibaldi.平均经圈环流在大气角动量和感热收支中的作用[J].大气科学,1988(1):10-19.
[15]周春华.大气角动量平衡的气候及异常分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2003.
[16]杨玮,王盘兴,何金海,等.西风角动量输送的气候特征及其与急流关系研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):363-372.
[17] Buch H S.Hemispheric Wind Conditions During the Year 1950. Final Report Part 2,General Circulation Project,No[R]. AF 19-122-153. Dept.of Meteorology,Massachusetts,Inst. of Techn.,1954.
[18]叶笃正,邓根云.1950年平均经圈环流与角动量的平衡[J].气象学报,1956(4):27-41.
[19] Oort A H,Peixóto J P.Global Angular Momentum and Energy Balance Requirements from Observations[J]. Advances in Geophysics,1983,25(12):355-490.
[20] Abarca d R R,Gambis D,Salstein D A.Interannual signals in length of day and atmospheric angular momentum[J].Annales Geophysicae,2000,18(3):347-364.
[21] Peixoto J P,Oort A H.Physics of climate[M].Amer Inst of Physics,1992.
[22]晏红明,胡娟,周建琴,等.一个新的东亚副热带夏季风指数的定义[J].气象学报,2017,75(2):193-210.
[23]魏凤英,张先恭.我国东部夏季雨带类型的划分及预报[J].气象,1988,14(8):15-19.
[24]王绍武,叶瑾琳,龚道溢,等.中国东部夏季降水型的研究[J].应用气象学报,1998(s1):66-75.
[25]严华生,王学仁.多因变量及要素场统计预报[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:28-29.
[26]杨莲梅,张庆云.夏季亚洲副热带西风急流气候特征[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(1):10-20.
[27]杜银,张耀存,谢志清.东亚副热带西风急流位置变化及其对中国东部夏季降水异常分布的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(3):581-592.
[28]严华生,胡娟,范可,等.近50年来夏季西风指数变化与中国夏季降水的关系[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):717-726.
[29] Zhongda L,Riyu L. Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2005,22(2):199-211.