多孔沥青混合料渗水性能的方向差异性及其受孔隙结构的影响
|
摘要
为了分析多孔沥青混合料渗水性能的方向差异特征及其受连通孔隙结构的影响规律,通过自行研发的渗水仪测试了4个空隙率下OGFC-13和OGFC-10混合料试件空间24个方向上的渗水系数.结合CT扫描和图像处理方法,重构了4个空隙率下OGFC-13混合料试件的三维孔隙结构.提取连通孔隙后,分析了影响混合料渗水方向差异性的孔隙结构指标.结果表明:多孔沥青混合料渗水系数存在明显的方向差异性,竖向截面内水平方向上的渗水系数最大;水平截面也存在方向差异性,但其与方向之间的关系不明确;空隙率越大,采用集料的公称最大粒径越大,则方向差异性越小;相比水平向连通孔隙,混合料内部竖向孔隙的水力直径虽略大,但数量少且总长度短,这是影响渗水系数方向差异性的主要原因.
To analyze the directional difference of water permeability of porous asphalt mixture and the influence of pore structure,a self-developed permeameter was used to measure the permeability in twenty-four directions of OGFC-13 and OGFC-10 with four air void contents. The three-dimensional( 3 D) pore structure of OGFC-13 with four air void contents was reconstructed by using computed tomography( CT) technology and image processing. After the interconnected pores were extracted,the pore structure index which affects the water permeability directional difference of mixture was analyzed. The results showthat the permeability of porous asphalt mixtures has an obvious directional difference. In the vertical plane,the maximum value of permeability occurs in the horizontal direction. In the horizontal plane,the permeability has a directional difference,but has no obvious relationship with directions. The increase of the air void content and the nominal maximum aggregate size can reduce the directional difference. Compared with the horizontal interconnected pores,vertical pores in mixtures have a larger hydraulic diameter,less quantity and length,which is the main reason for the water permeability directional difference of porous asphalt mixture.
To analyze the directional difference of water permeability of porous asphalt mixture and the influence of pore structure,a self-developed permeameter was used to measure the permeability in twenty-four directions of OGFC-13 and OGFC-10 with four air void contents. The three-dimensional( 3 D) pore structure of OGFC-13 with four air void contents was reconstructed by using computed tomography( CT) technology and image processing. After the interconnected pores were extracted,the pore structure index which affects the water permeability directional difference of mixture was analyzed. The results showthat the permeability of porous asphalt mixtures has an obvious directional difference. In the vertical plane,the maximum value of permeability occurs in the horizontal direction. In the horizontal plane,the permeability has a directional difference,but has no obvious relationship with directions. The increase of the air void content and the nominal maximum aggregate size can reduce the directional difference. Compared with the horizontal interconnected pores,vertical pores in mixtures have a larger hydraulic diameter,less quantity and length,which is the main reason for the water permeability directional difference of porous asphalt mixture.
引文
[1] Hernandez-Saenz MA,Caro S,Arámbula-Mercado E,et al. Mix design,performance and maintenance of permeable friction courses(PFC)in the United States:State of the Art[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2016,111:358-367. DOI:10. 1016/j. conbuildmat.2016. 02. 053.
[2] Zhang J,Ma G D,Ming R P,et al. Numerical study on seepage flowin pervious concrete based on 3D CT imaging[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,161:468-478. DOI:10. 1016/j. conbuildmat.2017. 11. 149.
[3]郑木莲.多孔混凝土的渗透系数及测试方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(4):41-46. DOI:10. 3321/j. issn:1671-1637. 2006. 04. 010.Zheng Mulian. Permeability coefficient and test method of porous concrete[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(4):41-46. DOI:10.3321/j. issn:1671-1637. 2006. 04. 010.(in Chinese)
[4] Suresha S N,Varghese G,Udaya Ravi Shankar A. Laboratory and theoretical evaluation of clogging behaviour of porous friction course mixes[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(1):61-70.DOI:10. 1080/10298430902730554.
[5]陈俊,孔燕,黄晓明,等.车辙对大空隙沥青路面横向排水影响的室内模拟测试[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(3):584-588. DOI:10. 3969/j.issn. 1001-0505. 2016. 03. 021.Chen Jun,Kong Yan,Huang Xiaoming,et al. Laboratory evaluation of the effect of longitudinal rutting on transversal permeability in porous asphalt pavement[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2016,46(3):584-588. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn.1001-0505. 2016. 03. 021.(in Chinese)
[6] Masad E,Al Omari A,Chen H C. Computations of permeability tensor coefficients and anisotropy of asphalt concrete based on microstructure simulation of fluid flow[J]. Computational Materials Science,2007,40(4):449-459. DOI:10. 1016/j. commatsci. 2007. 01. 015.
[7] Gruber I,Zinovik I,Holzer L,et al. A computational study of the effect of structural anisotropy of porous asphalt on hydraulic conductivity[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2012,36:66-77. DOI:10. 1016/j.conbuildmat. 2012. 04. 094.
[8] Chen J,Tang T,Zhang Y Q. Laboratory characterization of directional dependence of permeability for porous asphalt mixtures[J]. Materials and Structures,2017,50(5):1-11. DOI:10. 1617/s11527-017-1081-z.
[9] Chen J,Wang H,Zhu H Z. Investigation of permeability of open graded asphalt mixture considering effects of anisotropy and two-dimensional flow[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2017,145:318-325. DOI:10.1016/j. conbuildmat. 2017. 04. 028.
[10]肖鑫,张肖宁.基于工业CT的排水沥青混合料连通空隙特征研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(8):22-28.Xiao Xin,Zhang Xiaoning. Research on connecting void characteristics of porous asphalt mixture based on industrial CT[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(8):22-28.(in Chinese)
[11]张肖宁.基于X-ray CT的沥青混合料计算机辅助设计技术的研究进展[J].交通科学与工程,2010,26(2):1-8. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-599X. 2010. 02.001.Zhang Xiaoning. Advances in computer aided design of asphalt mixtures based on X-ray CT[J]. Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2010,26(2):1-8. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-599X. 2010. 02. 001.(in Chinese)
[12] Zhang Y,Leng Z,Dong Z J,et al. Performance verification of various bulk density measurement methods for open-and gap-graded asphalt mixtures using X-ray computed tomography[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,158:855-863. DOI:10. 1016/j. conbuildmat. 2017. 10. 090.
[2] Zhang J,Ma G D,Ming R P,et al. Numerical study on seepage flowin pervious concrete based on 3D CT imaging[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,161:468-478. DOI:10. 1016/j. conbuildmat.2017. 11. 149.
[3]郑木莲.多孔混凝土的渗透系数及测试方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(4):41-46. DOI:10. 3321/j. issn:1671-1637. 2006. 04. 010.Zheng Mulian. Permeability coefficient and test method of porous concrete[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(4):41-46. DOI:10.3321/j. issn:1671-1637. 2006. 04. 010.(in Chinese)
[4] Suresha S N,Varghese G,Udaya Ravi Shankar A. Laboratory and theoretical evaluation of clogging behaviour of porous friction course mixes[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(1):61-70.DOI:10. 1080/10298430902730554.
[5]陈俊,孔燕,黄晓明,等.车辙对大空隙沥青路面横向排水影响的室内模拟测试[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(3):584-588. DOI:10. 3969/j.issn. 1001-0505. 2016. 03. 021.Chen Jun,Kong Yan,Huang Xiaoming,et al. Laboratory evaluation of the effect of longitudinal rutting on transversal permeability in porous asphalt pavement[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2016,46(3):584-588. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn.1001-0505. 2016. 03. 021.(in Chinese)
[6] Masad E,Al Omari A,Chen H C. Computations of permeability tensor coefficients and anisotropy of asphalt concrete based on microstructure simulation of fluid flow[J]. Computational Materials Science,2007,40(4):449-459. DOI:10. 1016/j. commatsci. 2007. 01. 015.
[7] Gruber I,Zinovik I,Holzer L,et al. A computational study of the effect of structural anisotropy of porous asphalt on hydraulic conductivity[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2012,36:66-77. DOI:10. 1016/j.conbuildmat. 2012. 04. 094.
[8] Chen J,Tang T,Zhang Y Q. Laboratory characterization of directional dependence of permeability for porous asphalt mixtures[J]. Materials and Structures,2017,50(5):1-11. DOI:10. 1617/s11527-017-1081-z.
[9] Chen J,Wang H,Zhu H Z. Investigation of permeability of open graded asphalt mixture considering effects of anisotropy and two-dimensional flow[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2017,145:318-325. DOI:10.1016/j. conbuildmat. 2017. 04. 028.
[10]肖鑫,张肖宁.基于工业CT的排水沥青混合料连通空隙特征研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(8):22-28.Xiao Xin,Zhang Xiaoning. Research on connecting void characteristics of porous asphalt mixture based on industrial CT[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(8):22-28.(in Chinese)
[11]张肖宁.基于X-ray CT的沥青混合料计算机辅助设计技术的研究进展[J].交通科学与工程,2010,26(2):1-8. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-599X. 2010. 02.001.Zhang Xiaoning. Advances in computer aided design of asphalt mixtures based on X-ray CT[J]. Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2010,26(2):1-8. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-599X. 2010. 02. 001.(in Chinese)
[12] Zhang Y,Leng Z,Dong Z J,et al. Performance verification of various bulk density measurement methods for open-and gap-graded asphalt mixtures using X-ray computed tomography[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,158:855-863. DOI:10. 1016/j. conbuildmat. 2017. 10. 090.