多异瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用
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摘要
【目的】为了测定多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata(Goeze)成虫对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li的捕食作用。【方法】在室内测定了多异瓢虫的捕食功能反应、种内干扰、自身密度干扰、捕食偏好性,并通过罩笼试验研究多异瓢虫在田间对枸杞木虱的捕食效果。【结果】结果表明,多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程,对卵、1~2龄若虫、3~5龄若虫以及成虫的最大捕食量分别为80.4粒、410.0头、350.8头和102.5头。田间罩笼试验结果证明,在多异瓢虫成虫生长周期30 d内能使枸杞木虱总虫口密度下降85.4%;多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱成虫的搜寻效率a=0.8252为4种木虱虫态最佳,而对枸杞木虱卵处理时间Th=0.002283为4种木虱虫态中最佳;在100头/皿的猎物密度下多异瓢虫均能展现其最大捕食率,益害比参考值为1∶100。多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用受自身密度的影响显著大于种内干扰;在100头/皿混合猎物密度下,多异瓢虫更偏好木虱成虫,在300头/皿下,多异瓢虫更偏向于木虱若虫。【结论】研究表明,多异瓢虫是具有控制潜力的捕食性天敌,人工释放多异瓢虫成虫可有效防治枸杞木虱。
[Objectives] To study predation by Hippodamia variegata(Goeze) adults on Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li.[Methods] The functional predation response,mutual interference,influence of prey density,and the prey preferences of H.variegata with respect to P.sinica were investigated under laboratory conditions and the effects of predation on P.sinica populations were studied in the field.[Results] The functional response of H.variegata adults to P.sinica approximated a Holling Ⅱ model.Daily maximum numbers of P.sinica eggs,1~(st) to 5~(th) instar nymphs,and adults,preyed on by H.variegata adults were 80.4,410.0,350.8 and 102.5,respectively.The density of P.sinica in field enclosures decreased by 85.4% over the 30 day life-span of adult H.variegate.The search efficiency of H.variegata for P.sinica adults was 0.8252 and the processing time of H.variegata for P.sinica eggs was 0.002283,both of which were higher than for other P.sinica life stages.Prey density was more important than mutual interference on the predation efficiency of H.variegata.At a predator:prey density of 1∶100,H.variegata preferred P.sinica adults,but preferred P.sinica nymphs at a predator:prey density of 1∶300.[Conclusion] H.variegata has the potential to be an effective biological control agent for P.sinica.
[Objectives] To study predation by Hippodamia variegata(Goeze) adults on Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li.[Methods] The functional predation response,mutual interference,influence of prey density,and the prey preferences of H.variegata with respect to P.sinica were investigated under laboratory conditions and the effects of predation on P.sinica populations were studied in the field.[Results] The functional response of H.variegata adults to P.sinica approximated a Holling Ⅱ model.Daily maximum numbers of P.sinica eggs,1~(st) to 5~(th) instar nymphs,and adults,preyed on by H.variegata adults were 80.4,410.0,350.8 and 102.5,respectively.The density of P.sinica in field enclosures decreased by 85.4% over the 30 day life-span of adult H.variegate.The search efficiency of H.variegata for P.sinica adults was 0.8252 and the processing time of H.variegata for P.sinica eggs was 0.002283,both of which were higher than for other P.sinica life stages.Prey density was more important than mutual interference on the predation efficiency of H.variegata.At a predator:prey density of 1∶100,H.variegata preferred P.sinica adults,but preferred P.sinica nymphs at a predator:prey density of 1∶300.[Conclusion] H.variegata has the potential to be an effective biological control agent for P.sinica.
引文
Bai XJ,Wu HL,Zhang LR,Kang ZZ,Sheng RQ,2008.Study on the predatory functional response of Adonia variegate to Aphis sp.China Plant Protection,28(11):13-15.[白小军,吴惠玲,张丽荣,康振中,沈瑞清,2008.多异瓢虫对枸杞蚜虫的捕食功能反应.中国植保导刊,28(11):13-15.]
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Du JL,Wu DG,Liu CZ,2015.Study on predation preference of Hippodamia variegata(Pallas)and Adonia variegata(Goeze)on red and green color morph pea aphids.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,23(1):102-109.[杜军利,武德功,刘长仲,2015.异色瓢虫和多异瓢虫对两种色型豌豆蚜的捕食偏好研究.中国生态农业学报,23(1):102-109.]
Duan LQ,Liu KY,Imre S.OTVOS,Feng SJ,Li HP,Shan YM,2005.Behavior responses of Tetrastichus sp.,an ectoparasitiod wasp,to its host,Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li and host plant,Lycium barbarum L.Acta Entomologica Sinica,48(5):725-730.[段立清,刘宽余,Imre S.OTVOS,冯淑军,李海平,单艳敏,2005.木虱啮小蜂对枸杞、枸杞木虱的行为反应.昆虫学报,48(5):725-730.]
Duan LQ,Zou LQ,Feng SJ,Li HP,Yuan QC,2015.Study on pest integrated management of wolfberry.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,23(4):51-54.[段立清,邹晓林,冯淑军,李海平,元沁春,2004.枸杞上的主要害虫、天敌及其综合管理.内蒙古农业大学学报,自然科学版,23(4):51-54.]
Duan WJ,2013.Pharmacological function and value in medlar.Heilongjiang Medicine Journal,26(1):127-128.[段文杰,2013.枸杞子的药理作用及价值.黑龙江医学,26(1):127-128.]
Feng HZ,Wang L,Xiong RC,Wang B,Ji CS,2000.A study on the population dynamics and predacious function of Hippodamia(Adonia)variegata(Goeze).Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,37(4):223-226.[冯宏祖,王兰,熊仁慈,王兵,纪昌盛,2000.多异瓢虫种群动态及捕食功能的研究.应用昆虫学报,37(4):223-226.]
Gulijiamali T,Yu JN,Chen JX,Hai RL,2011.Study on the responses of Coccinella septempunctata and Adonia variegata to predacious Function of Hyalopterus amygdali.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,34(1):40-42.[古丽加马丽·吐尔汗,于江南,陈金霞,海如拉,2011.七星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对桃粉蚜的捕食功能反应研究.新疆农业大学学报,34(1):40-42.]
Hassell MPA,1969.Population model for the interaction between Cyzenis albicans(Fall.)(Tachinidae)and Operophtera brumata(L.)(Geometridae)at Wytham,Berkshire.Journal of Animal Ecology,38(3):567-576.
Holling CS,2003.Principles of insect predation.Annual Review of Entomology,6:163-182.
Jia B,He CG,Yang SW,Qian J,2007.Effect of Hippodamia tredecimpunctata and Hippodamia vaviegata predation on Therioaphis trifolii.Bayin Vocational Education,(1):56-59.[贾彪,贺春贵,钱瑾,2007.十三星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对苜蓿斑蚜的捕食作用研究.巴音郭楞职业技术学院学报,(1):56-59.]
Li HP,Duan LQ,Feng SJ,Xu JK,2002.Investigation of predatory bug in wolfberry woods and the function response of the dominant specice.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science),23(3):69-71.[李海平,段立清,冯淑军,许继科,2002.枸杞林内捕食性蝽类生物学特性及主要种的功能反应.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),23(3):69-71.]
Liu Q,Liu CZ,Sun L,Dou XQ,2009.Functional responses of Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata to Therioaphis trifolii.Plant Protection,35(2):78-81.[刘乾,刘长仲,孙鹭,窦晓青,2009.七星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对三叶草彩斑蚜的功能反应研究.植物保护,35(2):78-81.]
Liu XL,Li F,Li XL,Ma JG,Liu CG,2013.Study on population dynamics and vertical activity habits of Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li Northern Horticulture,(12):122-124.[刘晓丽,李锋,李晓龙,马建国,刘春光,2013.枸杞木虱种群动态及其垂直分布特征研究.北方园艺,(12):122-124.]
Liu AP,Wang JQ,Xu LB,Gao SJ,Tian Q,2008.Studies on predation of Deraeocoris punctulatus on Paratrioza sinica.Plant Protection,34(4):85-89.[刘爱萍,王俊清,徐林波,高书晶,田庆,2008.食虫齿爪盲蝽对枸杞木虱的捕食作用研究.植物保护,34(4):85-89.]
Liu AP,Xu LB,Wang H,2007.The occurrence regularity and control measures of the insect pests in Chinese wolfberry.Protection Forest Science and Technology,11(6):64-66.[刘爱萍,徐林波,王慧,2007.枸杞害虫发生规律及防治对策.防护林科技,11(6):64-66.]
Tan DF,Chen AL,2006.Bionomics of Paratrioza sinica and its control.Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),(4):91-94.[谭大凤,陈阿兰,2006.枸杞木虱的生物学特性及其防治.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):91-94.]
Wang P,Tong DY,Wang Y,Li WY,2006.Study on the lure function of colors to the Paratrioza Sinica Yang&Li.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science),27(4):102-104.[王平,佟德艳,王艳,李文英,2006.颜色对枸杞木虱成虫引诱作用的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),27(4):102-104.]
Watt KEF,1959.A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number of attacked.Canadian Entomologist,91:129-144.
Wu FZ,Gao ZN,1984.Analysis and description of the fauna and species of Chinese wolfberry in Ningxia.Ningxia Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):22-26.[吴福桢,高兆宁,1984.宁夏枸杞害虫区系分析及种类记述.宁夏农业科技,(5):22-26.]
Xu CQ,Liu S,Qiao HL,Chen J,Guo K,Yu J,Yu LY,2013.Effects of bionic glue on experimental population dynamics of Paratrioza sinica and its natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,38(5):666-669.[徐常青,刘赛,乔海莉,陈君,郭昆,于晶,余柳英,2013.仿生胶对枸杞木虱及其天敌种群动态的影响.中国中药杂志,38(5):666-669.]
Xue LW,Li YN,2000.Nutrition and health functions of Lucium bararum L.Guangdong Trace Elements Science,7(6):1-4.[薛立文,李以暖,2000.枸杞子的营养和保健功能.广东微量元素科学,7(6):1-4.]
Zhang CH,Ma YL,1982.Preliminary observation of Paratrioza sinica in Hami.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(5):13-14.[张长海,马玉铃,1982.哈密枸杞木虱的初步观察.新疆农业科学,(5):13-14.]
Zhou JZ,Chen CM,1987.Predation of wolf spider lycosao pseudoannulata to Brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens and simulation models there ofⅢ:selective predation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,7(3):228-237.[周集中,陈常铭,1987.拟环纹狼蛛对褐飞虱的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究Ⅲ选择捕食作用.生态学报,7(3):228-237.]
Chen C,Hui W,Shi XH,Shi YQ,2003.Studies on the predatory function of Hippodamia(Adonia)variegata(Goeze)to Aphis citricola Van der Goot.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,18(4):79-80.[陈川,唐周怀,惠伟,石晓红,石勇强,2003.多异瓢虫对绣线菊蚜捕食作用的初步研究.西北林学院学报,18(4):79-80.]
Du JL,Wu DG,Liu CZ,2015.Study on predation preference of Hippodamia variegata(Pallas)and Adonia variegata(Goeze)on red and green color morph pea aphids.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,23(1):102-109.[杜军利,武德功,刘长仲,2015.异色瓢虫和多异瓢虫对两种色型豌豆蚜的捕食偏好研究.中国生态农业学报,23(1):102-109.]
Duan LQ,Liu KY,Imre S.OTVOS,Feng SJ,Li HP,Shan YM,2005.Behavior responses of Tetrastichus sp.,an ectoparasitiod wasp,to its host,Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li and host plant,Lycium barbarum L.Acta Entomologica Sinica,48(5):725-730.[段立清,刘宽余,Imre S.OTVOS,冯淑军,李海平,单艳敏,2005.木虱啮小蜂对枸杞、枸杞木虱的行为反应.昆虫学报,48(5):725-730.]
Duan LQ,Zou LQ,Feng SJ,Li HP,Yuan QC,2015.Study on pest integrated management of wolfberry.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,23(4):51-54.[段立清,邹晓林,冯淑军,李海平,元沁春,2004.枸杞上的主要害虫、天敌及其综合管理.内蒙古农业大学学报,自然科学版,23(4):51-54.]
Duan WJ,2013.Pharmacological function and value in medlar.Heilongjiang Medicine Journal,26(1):127-128.[段文杰,2013.枸杞子的药理作用及价值.黑龙江医学,26(1):127-128.]
Feng HZ,Wang L,Xiong RC,Wang B,Ji CS,2000.A study on the population dynamics and predacious function of Hippodamia(Adonia)variegata(Goeze).Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,37(4):223-226.[冯宏祖,王兰,熊仁慈,王兵,纪昌盛,2000.多异瓢虫种群动态及捕食功能的研究.应用昆虫学报,37(4):223-226.]
Gulijiamali T,Yu JN,Chen JX,Hai RL,2011.Study on the responses of Coccinella septempunctata and Adonia variegata to predacious Function of Hyalopterus amygdali.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,34(1):40-42.[古丽加马丽·吐尔汗,于江南,陈金霞,海如拉,2011.七星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对桃粉蚜的捕食功能反应研究.新疆农业大学学报,34(1):40-42.]
Hassell MPA,1969.Population model for the interaction between Cyzenis albicans(Fall.)(Tachinidae)and Operophtera brumata(L.)(Geometridae)at Wytham,Berkshire.Journal of Animal Ecology,38(3):567-576.
Holling CS,2003.Principles of insect predation.Annual Review of Entomology,6:163-182.
Jia B,He CG,Yang SW,Qian J,2007.Effect of Hippodamia tredecimpunctata and Hippodamia vaviegata predation on Therioaphis trifolii.Bayin Vocational Education,(1):56-59.[贾彪,贺春贵,钱瑾,2007.十三星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对苜蓿斑蚜的捕食作用研究.巴音郭楞职业技术学院学报,(1):56-59.]
Li HP,Duan LQ,Feng SJ,Xu JK,2002.Investigation of predatory bug in wolfberry woods and the function response of the dominant specice.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science),23(3):69-71.[李海平,段立清,冯淑军,许继科,2002.枸杞林内捕食性蝽类生物学特性及主要种的功能反应.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),23(3):69-71.]
Liu Q,Liu CZ,Sun L,Dou XQ,2009.Functional responses of Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata to Therioaphis trifolii.Plant Protection,35(2):78-81.[刘乾,刘长仲,孙鹭,窦晓青,2009.七星瓢虫和多异瓢虫对三叶草彩斑蚜的功能反应研究.植物保护,35(2):78-81.]
Liu XL,Li F,Li XL,Ma JG,Liu CG,2013.Study on population dynamics and vertical activity habits of Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li Northern Horticulture,(12):122-124.[刘晓丽,李锋,李晓龙,马建国,刘春光,2013.枸杞木虱种群动态及其垂直分布特征研究.北方园艺,(12):122-124.]
Liu AP,Wang JQ,Xu LB,Gao SJ,Tian Q,2008.Studies on predation of Deraeocoris punctulatus on Paratrioza sinica.Plant Protection,34(4):85-89.[刘爱萍,王俊清,徐林波,高书晶,田庆,2008.食虫齿爪盲蝽对枸杞木虱的捕食作用研究.植物保护,34(4):85-89.]
Liu AP,Xu LB,Wang H,2007.The occurrence regularity and control measures of the insect pests in Chinese wolfberry.Protection Forest Science and Technology,11(6):64-66.[刘爱萍,徐林波,王慧,2007.枸杞害虫发生规律及防治对策.防护林科技,11(6):64-66.]
Tan DF,Chen AL,2006.Bionomics of Paratrioza sinica and its control.Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),(4):91-94.[谭大凤,陈阿兰,2006.枸杞木虱的生物学特性及其防治.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):91-94.]
Wang P,Tong DY,Wang Y,Li WY,2006.Study on the lure function of colors to the Paratrioza Sinica Yang&Li.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science),27(4):102-104.[王平,佟德艳,王艳,李文英,2006.颜色对枸杞木虱成虫引诱作用的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),27(4):102-104.]
Watt KEF,1959.A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number of attacked.Canadian Entomologist,91:129-144.
Wu FZ,Gao ZN,1984.Analysis and description of the fauna and species of Chinese wolfberry in Ningxia.Ningxia Agricultural Science and Technology,(5):22-26.[吴福桢,高兆宁,1984.宁夏枸杞害虫区系分析及种类记述.宁夏农业科技,(5):22-26.]
Xu CQ,Liu S,Qiao HL,Chen J,Guo K,Yu J,Yu LY,2013.Effects of bionic glue on experimental population dynamics of Paratrioza sinica and its natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,38(5):666-669.[徐常青,刘赛,乔海莉,陈君,郭昆,于晶,余柳英,2013.仿生胶对枸杞木虱及其天敌种群动态的影响.中国中药杂志,38(5):666-669.]
Xue LW,Li YN,2000.Nutrition and health functions of Lucium bararum L.Guangdong Trace Elements Science,7(6):1-4.[薛立文,李以暖,2000.枸杞子的营养和保健功能.广东微量元素科学,7(6):1-4.]
Zhang CH,Ma YL,1982.Preliminary observation of Paratrioza sinica in Hami.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(5):13-14.[张长海,马玉铃,1982.哈密枸杞木虱的初步观察.新疆农业科学,(5):13-14.]
Zhou JZ,Chen CM,1987.Predation of wolf spider lycosao pseudoannulata to Brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens and simulation models there ofⅢ:selective predation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,7(3):228-237.[周集中,陈常铭,1987.拟环纹狼蛛对褐飞虱的捕食作用及其模拟模型的研究Ⅲ选择捕食作用.生态学报,7(3):228-237.]