考虑Prim分区和机组调整的连锁过载控制策略
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摘要
为预防因连锁过载跳闸而导致的大规模停电事故,提出了考虑Prim分区和机组调整的连锁故障控制策略。采用Prim算法划分了控制区域,应用相关度矩阵求取了控制位置和相应的控制量。综合考虑事故链发展过程中线路过载和节点电压越限,根据源流路径关系调整了发电机和负荷控制量,同时保证了系统节点电压在正常范围,弥补了以往连锁过载控制较少考虑电压因素的不足。仿真结果表明:控制策略能够避免系统出现连锁过载;Prim算法划分控制区域并将控制范围集中到初始故障发生的区域内,能够减小计算的规模;故障初期以较少的负荷损失阻断事故链发展,能够缩小故障影响范围;机组调整能够进一步降低负荷损失;调节发电机无功功率,减少部分节点电压偏移程度,能够保证控制过程电压安全。研究成果可为进一步研究电力系统连锁故障预防和控制提供参考。
To prevent the blackout caused by cascading overload tripping,we put forward an overload control strategy for cascading failures considering Prim partition and generators adjustment. The Prim algorithm was adopted to divide zones,and the control location and control quantity were calculated by correlation matrix. Considering lines overload and voltage limitation in the development of failure chains,generators and loads were adjusted according to the path between source and flow in order to reduce lines overload and ensure bus voltage in the normal range simultaneously in order to makes up for the deficiency of previous cascading overload control strategies which seldom consider voltage factor. Simulation results suggest that the control strategy can prevent cascading overload in power system; As control area are divided by Prim algorithm,control ranges are concentrated into the area where the initial faults occur,reducing the scale of the calculation; the development of fault chains are blocked with less load loss in the early stage,reducing the impact of failures; generation adjustment further decreases the load loss; reactive power of generators are adjusted to reduce the degree of partial nodes voltage offset,ensuring voltage safety in the control process. Research results can provide a reference for further study to prevention and control of cascading failures in power system.
To prevent the blackout caused by cascading overload tripping,we put forward an overload control strategy for cascading failures considering Prim partition and generators adjustment. The Prim algorithm was adopted to divide zones,and the control location and control quantity were calculated by correlation matrix. Considering lines overload and voltage limitation in the development of failure chains,generators and loads were adjusted according to the path between source and flow in order to reduce lines overload and ensure bus voltage in the normal range simultaneously in order to makes up for the deficiency of previous cascading overload control strategies which seldom consider voltage factor. Simulation results suggest that the control strategy can prevent cascading overload in power system; As control area are divided by Prim algorithm,control ranges are concentrated into the area where the initial faults occur,reducing the scale of the calculation; the development of fault chains are blocked with less load loss in the early stage,reducing the impact of failures; generation adjustment further decreases the load loss; reactive power of generators are adjusted to reduce the degree of partial nodes voltage offset,ensuring voltage safety in the control process. Research results can provide a reference for further study to prevention and control of cascading failures in power system.
引文
[1]刘友波,胡斌,刘俊勇,等.电力系统连锁故障分析理论与应用,(一):相关理论方法与应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(9):148-155.LIU Youbo,HU Bin,LIU Junyong,et al.Power system cascading failure analysis theories and application,(Ⅰ):related theories and applications[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(9):148-155.
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[4]任建文,李莎,严敏敏,等.基于潮流跟踪算法的线路过负荷紧急控制[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):393-397.REN Jianwen,LI Sha,YAN Minmin,et al.Emergency control strategy for line overload based on power flow tracing algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):393-397.
[5]袁季修.防御大停电的广域保护和紧急控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:12-16.YUAN Jixiu.Wide area protection and emergency control to prevent large scale blackout[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2007:12-16.
[6]徐岩,郅静.基于GGDF的割集断面潮流定向控制[J].电气应用,2015,34(21):120-123.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.Directional control of power flow cut set based on GGDF[J].Electrotechnical Application,2015,34(21):120-123.
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[8]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于广域潮流转移因子的后备保护方案[J].电网技术,2006,30(15):65-71.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.A wide area backup protection scheme based on flow transferring relativity factor[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(15):65-71.
[9]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.计及暂态过程的多支路切除潮流转移识别算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):24-30.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.Flow transferring identification algorithm for multi-branches removal event with consideration of transient phenomena[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(16):24-30.
[10]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于广域测量系统的预防连锁跳闸控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(19):32-38.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.Study on wide area measurement system based control strategy to prevent cascading trips[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(19):32-38.
[11]姚峰,张保会,周德才,等.输电断面有功安全性保护及其快速算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):31-36.YAO Feng,ZHANG Baohui,ZHOU Decai,et al.Active power security protection of transmission section and its fast algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(13):31-36.
[12]KIRSCHEN D,ALLAN R,STRBAC G.Contributions of individual generators to loads and flows[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,12(1):52-60.
[13]李刚,王增平,任建文,等.基于图论分区与改进BFS算法搜索安全约束集的防联锁过载控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(11):220-228.LI Gang,WANG Zengping,REN Jianwen,et al.A control strategy to prevent cascading overload with security constraint set searched by graph theory partition and improved BFS algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(11):220-228.
[14]徐岩,郅静.基于功率灵敏度的线路过载划区域紧急控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(15):60-71.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.A zone-divided emergency control strategy for overload lines based on power sensitivity[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(15):60-71.
[15]徐岩,郅静.基于直流潮流和虚拟母线的多控制节点防连锁过载跳闸策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(13):78-86.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.A multi control-node emergency control strategy based on DC power flow and virtual bus[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(13):78-86.
[16]童星,康重庆,陈启鑫,等.虚拟母线技术及其应用,(一):虚拟母线辨识算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):596-604.TONG Xing,KANG Chongqing,CHEN Qixin,et al.Virtual bus technique and its application,(I):virtual bus identifying algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):596-604.
[17]童星,康重庆,陈启鑫,等.虚拟母线技术及其应用,(三):静态安全校核方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1592-1598.TONG Xing,KANG Chongqing,CHEN Qixin,et al.Virtual bus technique and its application,(III):steady-state security correction method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1592-1598.
[18]王桂平,王衍,任嘉辰.图论算法理论、实现及应用[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010:106-111.WANG Guiping,WANG Yan,REN Jiachen.Graph theory,realization and application[M].Beijing,China:Peking University Press,2010:106-111.
[19]丁明,朱自强,张晶晶,等.保护隐性故障及其对电力系统连锁故障发展影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):256-265.DING Ming,ZHU Ziqiang,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Impact of protec-tion hidden failures on the development of power system cascading failures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):256-265.
[20]王振浩,李秉书,任强,等.含分布式电源的智能配电网孤岛划分策略[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(14):39-43.WANG Zhenhao,LI Bingshu,REN Qiang,et al.Island division strategies for the smart distribution network with distributed power supply[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2015,52(14):39-43.
[21]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:194-207.ZHANG Boming,CHEN Shousun,YAN Zheng.Advanced electrical network analysis[M].2nd ed.Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2007:194-207.
[22]胥威汀,刘俊勇,姚良忠,等.考虑节点电压可控性的聚类型电网解列分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):72-79.XU Weiting,LIU Junyong,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Clustering system islanding analysis considering voltage controllability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):72-79.
[23]丁明,肖遥,张晶晶,等.基于事故链及动态故障树的电网连锁故障风险评估模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):821-828.DING Ming,XIAO Yao,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Risk assessment model of power grid cascading failures based on fault chain and dynamic fault tree[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):821-828.
[24]蒋乐,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.基于Bayesian网络与复杂网络理论的特/超高压输电线路状态评估模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1278-1284.JIANG Le,LIU Junyong,WEI Zhenbo,et al.A condition assessment model of EHV/UHV transmission line based on Bayesian network and complex network theory[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1278-1284.
[25]陆佳政,周特军,吴传平,等.某省级电网220 kV及以上输电线路故障统计与分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):200-207.LU Jiazheng,ZHOU Tejun,WU Chuanping,et al.Fault statistics and analysis of 220 kV and above power transmission line in province-level power grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):200-207.
[26]丁明,钱宇骋,张晶晶,等.基于风险评估的电力系统连锁故障协调控制模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):1-8.DING Ming,QIAN Yucheng,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Coordinated control model of power system cascading failures based on risk assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):1-8.
[2]HINES P,BALASUBRAMANIAM K,SANCHEZE C.Cascading failures in power grids[J].IEEE Potentials,2009,28(5):24-30.
[3]刘友波,胥威汀,丁理杰,等.电力系统连锁故障分析理论与应用,(二):关键特征与研究启示[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(10):146-155.LIU Youbo,XU Weiting,DING Lijie,et al.Power system cascading failure analysis theories and application,(Ⅱ):key features of real cascading failures and revelation aspects[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(10):146-155.
[4]任建文,李莎,严敏敏,等.基于潮流跟踪算法的线路过负荷紧急控制[J].电网技术,2013,37(2):393-397.REN Jianwen,LI Sha,YAN Minmin,et al.Emergency control strategy for line overload based on power flow tracing algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(2):393-397.
[5]袁季修.防御大停电的广域保护和紧急控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:12-16.YUAN Jixiu.Wide area protection and emergency control to prevent large scale blackout[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2007:12-16.
[6]徐岩,郅静.基于GGDF的割集断面潮流定向控制[J].电气应用,2015,34(21):120-123.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.Directional control of power flow cut set based on GGDF[J].Electrotechnical Application,2015,34(21):120-123.
[7]卢甜甜.基于潮流追踪的电网连锁故障预防控制策略研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.LU Tiantian.Research on preventive control strategy of cascading failures in power grid based on power flow tracing[D].Beijing,China:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[8]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于广域潮流转移因子的后备保护方案[J].电网技术,2006,30(15):65-71.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.A wide area backup protection scheme based on flow transferring relativity factor[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(15):65-71.
[9]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.计及暂态过程的多支路切除潮流转移识别算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):24-30.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.Flow transferring identification algorithm for multi-branches removal event with consideration of transient phenomena[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(16):24-30.
[10]徐慧明,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于广域测量系统的预防连锁跳闸控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(19):32-38.XU Huiming,BI Tianshu,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.Study on wide area measurement system based control strategy to prevent cascading trips[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(19):32-38.
[11]姚峰,张保会,周德才,等.输电断面有功安全性保护及其快速算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):31-36.YAO Feng,ZHANG Baohui,ZHOU Decai,et al.Active power security protection of transmission section and its fast algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(13):31-36.
[12]KIRSCHEN D,ALLAN R,STRBAC G.Contributions of individual generators to loads and flows[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2002,12(1):52-60.
[13]李刚,王增平,任建文,等.基于图论分区与改进BFS算法搜索安全约束集的防联锁过载控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(11):220-228.LI Gang,WANG Zengping,REN Jianwen,et al.A control strategy to prevent cascading overload with security constraint set searched by graph theory partition and improved BFS algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(11):220-228.
[14]徐岩,郅静.基于功率灵敏度的线路过载划区域紧急控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(15):60-71.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.A zone-divided emergency control strategy for overload lines based on power sensitivity[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(15):60-71.
[15]徐岩,郅静.基于直流潮流和虚拟母线的多控制节点防连锁过载跳闸策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(13):78-86.XU Yan,ZHI Jing.A multi control-node emergency control strategy based on DC power flow and virtual bus[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(13):78-86.
[16]童星,康重庆,陈启鑫,等.虚拟母线技术及其应用,(一):虚拟母线辨识算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):596-604.TONG Xing,KANG Chongqing,CHEN Qixin,et al.Virtual bus technique and its application,(I):virtual bus identifying algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):596-604.
[17]童星,康重庆,陈启鑫,等.虚拟母线技术及其应用,(三):静态安全校核方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1592-1598.TONG Xing,KANG Chongqing,CHEN Qixin,et al.Virtual bus technique and its application,(III):steady-state security correction method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1592-1598.
[18]王桂平,王衍,任嘉辰.图论算法理论、实现及应用[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010:106-111.WANG Guiping,WANG Yan,REN Jiachen.Graph theory,realization and application[M].Beijing,China:Peking University Press,2010:106-111.
[19]丁明,朱自强,张晶晶,等.保护隐性故障及其对电力系统连锁故障发展影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):256-265.DING Ming,ZHU Ziqiang,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Impact of protec-tion hidden failures on the development of power system cascading failures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):256-265.
[20]王振浩,李秉书,任强,等.含分布式电源的智能配电网孤岛划分策略[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(14):39-43.WANG Zhenhao,LI Bingshu,REN Qiang,et al.Island division strategies for the smart distribution network with distributed power supply[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2015,52(14):39-43.
[21]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:194-207.ZHANG Boming,CHEN Shousun,YAN Zheng.Advanced electrical network analysis[M].2nd ed.Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,2007:194-207.
[22]胥威汀,刘俊勇,姚良忠,等.考虑节点电压可控性的聚类型电网解列分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):72-79.XU Weiting,LIU Junyong,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Clustering system islanding analysis considering voltage controllability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):72-79.
[23]丁明,肖遥,张晶晶,等.基于事故链及动态故障树的电网连锁故障风险评估模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):821-828.DING Ming,XIAO Yao,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Risk assessment model of power grid cascading failures based on fault chain and dynamic fault tree[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):821-828.
[24]蒋乐,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.基于Bayesian网络与复杂网络理论的特/超高压输电线路状态评估模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1278-1284.JIANG Le,LIU Junyong,WEI Zhenbo,et al.A condition assessment model of EHV/UHV transmission line based on Bayesian network and complex network theory[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1278-1284.
[25]陆佳政,周特军,吴传平,等.某省级电网220 kV及以上输电线路故障统计与分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):200-207.LU Jiazheng,ZHOU Tejun,WU Chuanping,et al.Fault statistics and analysis of 220 kV and above power transmission line in province-level power grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):200-207.
[26]丁明,钱宇骋,张晶晶,等.基于风险评估的电力系统连锁故障协调控制模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):1-8.DING Ming,QIAN Yucheng,ZHANG Jingjing,et al.Coordinated control model of power system cascading failures based on risk assessment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):1-8.