低温等通道转角挤压中定向凝固纯铜的组织及性能演变
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摘要
采用光学显微镜(OM)和XRD技术对干冰冷却后的定向凝固纯铜(99.99%)经等通道转角挤压(ECAP)时的微观组织演变规律进行研究,并测试了ECAP后定向凝固纯铜的硬度及导电性能。结果表明,定向凝固纯铜在低温下经A和C路径变形后易于形成取向一致的纤维组织,并且保持(111)面的择优取向特征,而经Bc路径变形后,柱状晶破碎,形成均匀的等轴晶,且各晶面逐渐趋于随机取向;经过1道次变形后,各路径硬度大幅增加,约为原来的1.8倍,在随后的挤压中,硬度增加缓慢,经4道次ECAP后,Bc路径的硬度有所下降;在低应变下,晶粒取向的一致性使得导电率增加;随着应变的增加,晶格畸变使得电子发生散射,使导电率略有降低。
The microstructure evolution of directional solidification structure in pure copper(99.99%)during equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)after cooling with dry ice was investigated by OM and XRD,the hardness and conductivity were tested.The results manifested that the fibrous structure with same orientation was formed in directional solidification structure in pure copper by route A and C at low temperature,and the characterization of(111)preferred orientation was remained.After deformation by route Bc,columnar crystal of directional solidification structure in pure copper was broken,and homogeneous equiaxed grains were formed,at the same time,the grain orientation tended to be random.The hardness of each route increased drastically after one pass extrusion,which was about 1.8 times in compare with hardness of original sample,with the increase of extrusion passes,the hardness increased slowly,whereas the hardness decreased slightly after four passes extrusion by route Bc.The consistency of grain orientation made the conductivity increased in the condition of low strain,however,with the increase of strain,lattice distortion caused electron scattering,which leaded to a slight decrease in conductivity.
The microstructure evolution of directional solidification structure in pure copper(99.99%)during equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)after cooling with dry ice was investigated by OM and XRD,the hardness and conductivity were tested.The results manifested that the fibrous structure with same orientation was formed in directional solidification structure in pure copper by route A and C at low temperature,and the characterization of(111)preferred orientation was remained.After deformation by route Bc,columnar crystal of directional solidification structure in pure copper was broken,and homogeneous equiaxed grains were formed,at the same time,the grain orientation tended to be random.The hardness of each route increased drastically after one pass extrusion,which was about 1.8 times in compare with hardness of original sample,with the increase of extrusion passes,the hardness increased slowly,whereas the hardness decreased slightly after four passes extrusion by route Bc.The consistency of grain orientation made the conductivity increased in the condition of low strain,however,with the increase of strain,lattice distortion caused electron scattering,which leaded to a slight decrease in conductivity.
引文
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2 Mirzakhani B,Payandeh Y.Combination of severe plastic deformation and precipitation hardening processes affecting the mechanical properties in Al-Mg-Si alloy[J].Materials&Design,2015,68(68):127.
3 Callister W D.Student solutions manual to accompany materials science and engineering an introduction[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2000:35.
4 Morris D G,Gutierrez-Urrutia I,Munoz-Morris M A.Evolution of microstructure of an iron aluminide during severe plastic deformation by heavy rolling[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43(23):7438.
5 Wang C P,Li F G,Lei W,et al.Review on modified and novel techniques of severe plastic deformation[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2012,55(9):2377.
6 Chen Y J,Wang Q D,Lin J B,et al.Grain refinement of magnesium alloys processed by severe plastic deformation[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(12):3747.
7 Shin M H,Yu C Y,Kao P W,et al.Microstructure and flow stress of copper deformed to large plastic strains[J].Scripta Materialia,2001,45(7):793.
8 Valiev R Z,Islamgaliev R K,Alexandrov I V.Bulk nanostructured materials from sever plastic deformation[J].Progress in Materials Science,2000,45(2):103.
9 Ni S,Liao X Z,Zhu Y T.Effect of severe plastic deformation on the structure and mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline metals[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2014,50(2):156(in Chinese).倪颂,廖晓舟,朱运田.剧烈塑性变形对块体纳米金属材料结构和力学性能的影响[J].金属学报,2014,50(2):156.
10 Wu S D,An X H,Han W Z,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of fcc metallic materials subjected to equal channel angular pressing[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2010,46(3):257 (in Chinese).吴世丁,安祥海,韩卫忠,等.等通道转角挤压过程中fcc金属的微观结构演化与力学性能[J].金属学报,2010,46(3):257.
11 Guo T B,Ding Y T,Xu G J,et al.Mechanical properties of single crystal copper and polycrystalline copper during super plastic and cyclic deformation[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(7):1375(in Chinese).郭廷彪,丁雨田,许广济,等.强塑性循环变形中单晶铜和多晶铜的力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(7):1375.
12 Lu K,Lu L.Progress in mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2000,36(8):785(in Chinese).卢柯,卢磊.金属纳米材料力学性能的研究进展[J].金属学报,2000,36(8):785.
13 Li M Q,Zhang C,Luo J,et al.Thermomechanical coupling simulation and experimental study in the isothermal ECAP processing of Ti-6Al-4Valloy[J].Rare Metals,2010,29(6):613.
14 Guo T B,Ding Y T,Yuan X F,et al.Microstructure and orientation evolution of unidirectional solidification pure copper during ECAP[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2011,40(3):171.
15 Guo T B,Ding Y T,Hu Y,et al.Study on the materials flowing and deformation behavior by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)[J].Materials Review B:Research papers,2009,23(9):93(in Chinese).郭廷彪,丁雨田,胡勇,等.等径角挤压过程中材料的流变行为研究[J].材料导报:研究篇,2009,23(9):93.
16 He Y B,Pan Q L,Qin Y J,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grain ZK60magnesium alloy process by equal angular pressing[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(12):2274(in Chinese).何运斌,潘清林,覃银江,等.等通道角挤压制备细晶ZK60镁合金的组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(12):2274.
17 Wen Y N,Zhang J M.Surface energy calculation of the bcc metals by using the MAEAM[J].Computational Materials Science,2007,144(3):163.
18 Yun X B,Song B Y,Chen L.Ultra-fine grain copper prepared by continuous equal channel angular press[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2006,16(9):1563(in Chinese).运新兵,宋宝韫,陈莉.连续等径角挤压制备超细晶铜[J].中国有色金属学报,2006,16(9):1563.
19 Yamakov V,Wolf D,Salazar M,et al.Length-scale effects in the nucleation of extended dislocations in nanocrystalline Al by molecular-dynamics simulation[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2001,49(14):2713.