OBC水陆检数据合并处理技术
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摘要
估算标定因子、海水深度和海底反射系数三个参数是OBC水陆检数据合并处理技术的关键步骤。针对常规方法确定这三个参数费时和精度低的缺陷,本文采用相关特征匹配法匹配水陆检数据、相关函数特征法直接计算标定因子、波场延迟特征法直接计算海底反射系数、分段归一化相关谱法直接计算海水深度和海水双程旅行时,对水中检波器数据和陆地检波器数据进行合并处理。合并后数据不但消除了海水鸣震多次波干扰,而且保留了陆检数据的低频成分和水检数据的高频成分,有效拓宽了海底电缆数据的有效频带,提高了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率。实例处理结果说明了方法的有效性和实用性。
The estimation of three parameters,including calibration factor,sea-water depth,and sea bottom reflection coefficient,is a key step for ocean bottom cable(OBC)dual-sensor data combination processing.The estimation with conventional methods is very time-consuming and low accuracy.To solve the problem,we propose a dual-sensor data combination processing approach.The calibration factor is calculated by correlation function characteristic algorithm;the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient is directly obtained by the wavefield delay characteristic algorithm;and the sea-water depth and two-way travel time are directly computed by the piecewise normalized correlation spectrum algorithm.After that,OBC dual-sensor data are combined with these parameters.The combined data can not only eliminate multiples from the sea-water column reverberations,but also absorb high-frequency components from hydrophone data and lowfrequency components from geophone data.So OBC data frequency bandwidth is effectively broadened;and seismic signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and resolution are greatly improved.Real data examples illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach.
The estimation of three parameters,including calibration factor,sea-water depth,and sea bottom reflection coefficient,is a key step for ocean bottom cable(OBC)dual-sensor data combination processing.The estimation with conventional methods is very time-consuming and low accuracy.To solve the problem,we propose a dual-sensor data combination processing approach.The calibration factor is calculated by correlation function characteristic algorithm;the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient is directly obtained by the wavefield delay characteristic algorithm;and the sea-water depth and two-way travel time are directly computed by the piecewise normalized correlation spectrum algorithm.After that,OBC dual-sensor data are combined with these parameters.The combined data can not only eliminate multiples from the sea-water column reverberations,but also absorb high-frequency components from hydrophone data and lowfrequency components from geophone data.So OBC data frequency bandwidth is effectively broadened;and seismic signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and resolution are greatly improved.Real data examples illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach.
引文
[1]Barr F J and Sanders J I.Attenuation of water column reverberations using pressure and velocity detectors in a water-bottom cable.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1989,8:653-656.
[2]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英等.双检理论研究及合成处理.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528.He Zhaoquan,Zhang Baoqing,Liu Yuanying et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing.OGP,2011,46(4):522-528.
[3]全海燕,韩立强.海底电缆双检接收技术压制水柱混响.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):7-12.Quan Haiyan,Han Liqiang.Using OBC dual-receiver to suppress reverberation of water column.OGP,2005,40(1):7-12.
[4]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635.Wang Zhenhua,Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin et al.Elimination of singing interference in OBC dual-geophone seismic data.OGP,2008,43(6):626-635.
[5]崔辉霞,张保庆,崔建凤等.GeoEast系统海底电缆双检合成处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):23-26.Cui Huixia,Zhang Baoqing,Cui Jianfeng et al.OBCdual-sensor seismic data merging with GeoEast data processing system.OGP,2014,49(S1):23-26.
[6]Dragoset B and Barr F J.Ocean-bottom cable dualsensor scaling.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1994,13:857-860.
[7]高少武,赵波,罗国安等.一种水陆检波器地震数据合并处理的方法及装置:中国,ZL201510556940.3[P].2015-09-02.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Luo Guoan et al.A Method and Device of the Combined Processing Technique for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201510556940.3[P].2015-09-02.
[8]Paffenholz J and Barr F J.An improved method for deriving water-bottom reflectivities for processing dual-sensor ocean-bottom cable data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995,14:987-990.
[9]Barr F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology.The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-51.
[10]Soubaras R.Ocean bottom hydrophone and geophone processing.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:24-27.
[11]Vaughn B and Dennis C.Dual-sensor summation of noisy ocean-bottom data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:28-31.
[12]Max D and Ramesh N.OBC multiple suppression with the Texas two-step.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:2123-2126.
[13]陈浩林,张保庆,倪成洲等.水深对OBC地震资料的影响分析与对策.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):18-24.Chen Haolin,Zhang Baoqing,Ni Chengzhou et al.The analysis and strategy of influence of water depth to OBC seismic data.OGP,2010,45(S1):18-24.
[14]Zhou W,Brossier R,Operto S et al.Joint full waveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:a real OBC case study with gas cloud.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2016,35:1247-1251.
[15]Nakayama S,Benson M A,Matarid T et al.Overcoming limitations of sparse spatial sampling and irregularity in 3D OBC seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2016,35:4097-4101.
[16]许文源,徐伯勋,王怀恩等.从鸣震记录估计海底反射系数的一种新方法.石油物探,1983,22(3):89-99.Xu Wenyuan,Xu Boxun,Wang Huaien et al.A new technique for estimating the ocean bottom reflection coefficients from the reverberant records.GPP,1983,22(3):89-99.
[17]程元方,李素闪,张文栋等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):26-31.Cheng Yuanfang,Li Sushan,Zhang Wendong et al.Processing key technology and its application for ocean bottom cable data.OGP,2017,52(S2):26-31.
[18]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进.石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381.Zhang Jianli,Liu Zhibin,Zhang Yunpeng et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings.GPP,2017,56(3):373-381.
[19]Backus M M.Water reverberations-their nature and elimination.Geophysics,1959,24(1):233-261.
[20]高少武,祝宽海.一种水陆检波器地震数据匹配的方法:中国,ZL201310531139.4[P].2013-10-31.Gao Shaowu,Zhu Kuanhai.A Matched Method for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201310531139.4[P].2013-10-31.
[21]高少武,赵波,高轩等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):29-32.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Gao Xuan et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching.OGP,2015,50(1):29-32.
[22]高少武,赵波,李桂芳等.纯相位因子估算与剩余子波相位校正.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):463-467.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Li Guifang et al.Estimation for pure phase factor and phase correction for residual wavelet.OGP,2014,49(3):463-467.
[23]高少武,魏更雨,赵波等.可控震源数据地震子波最小相位化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):685-689.Gao Shaowu,Wei Gengyu,Zhao Bo et al.Wavelet minimum-phasing method for vibroseis seismic data.OGP,2009,44(6):685-689.
[24]高少武,黄燕.一种水陆检波器地震数据标定因子反演的方法:中国,ZL201310736942.1[P].2013-11-29.Gao Shaowu,Huang Yan.A Method of the Scale Factor Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201310736942.1[P].2013-11-29.
[25]高轩,弓小平,高少武等.OBC水陆检数据标定因子估算方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):49-53.Gao Xuan,Gong Xiaoping,Gao Shaowu et al.Scale factor estimation for OBC dual-sensor seismic data.OGP,2016,51(1):49-53.
[26]高少武,赵波,罗国安等.一种水陆检波器数据海底反射系数反演的方法:中国,ZL201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Luo Guoan et al.A Mmethod of the Ocean Bottom Reflection Coefficient Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04.
[27]高少武,赵波,钱忠平等.水陆检波器数据海水深度反演方法和装置:中国,ZL201410377324.7[P].2014-08-01.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Qian Zhongping et al.A Method and Device of the Sea Water Depth Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201410377324.7[P].2014-08-01.
[28]高少武,赵波,钱忠平等.一种确定海水深度的方法及装置:中国,201510963991.8[P].2015-12-21.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Qian Zhongping et al.A Method and Device of Determining the Sea Water Depth:China,201510963991.8[P].2015-12-21.
[2]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英等.双检理论研究及合成处理.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528.He Zhaoquan,Zhang Baoqing,Liu Yuanying et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing.OGP,2011,46(4):522-528.
[3]全海燕,韩立强.海底电缆双检接收技术压制水柱混响.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):7-12.Quan Haiyan,Han Liqiang.Using OBC dual-receiver to suppress reverberation of water column.OGP,2005,40(1):7-12.
[4]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635.Wang Zhenhua,Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin et al.Elimination of singing interference in OBC dual-geophone seismic data.OGP,2008,43(6):626-635.
[5]崔辉霞,张保庆,崔建凤等.GeoEast系统海底电缆双检合成处理技术.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):23-26.Cui Huixia,Zhang Baoqing,Cui Jianfeng et al.OBCdual-sensor seismic data merging with GeoEast data processing system.OGP,2014,49(S1):23-26.
[6]Dragoset B and Barr F J.Ocean-bottom cable dualsensor scaling.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1994,13:857-860.
[7]高少武,赵波,罗国安等.一种水陆检波器地震数据合并处理的方法及装置:中国,ZL201510556940.3[P].2015-09-02.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Luo Guoan et al.A Method and Device of the Combined Processing Technique for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201510556940.3[P].2015-09-02.
[8]Paffenholz J and Barr F J.An improved method for deriving water-bottom reflectivities for processing dual-sensor ocean-bottom cable data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1995,14:987-990.
[9]Barr F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology.The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-51.
[10]Soubaras R.Ocean bottom hydrophone and geophone processing.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:24-27.
[11]Vaughn B and Dennis C.Dual-sensor summation of noisy ocean-bottom data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:28-31.
[12]Max D and Ramesh N.OBC multiple suppression with the Texas two-step.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:2123-2126.
[13]陈浩林,张保庆,倪成洲等.水深对OBC地震资料的影响分析与对策.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):18-24.Chen Haolin,Zhang Baoqing,Ni Chengzhou et al.The analysis and strategy of influence of water depth to OBC seismic data.OGP,2010,45(S1):18-24.
[14]Zhou W,Brossier R,Operto S et al.Joint full waveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:a real OBC case study with gas cloud.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2016,35:1247-1251.
[15]Nakayama S,Benson M A,Matarid T et al.Overcoming limitations of sparse spatial sampling and irregularity in 3D OBC seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2016,35:4097-4101.
[16]许文源,徐伯勋,王怀恩等.从鸣震记录估计海底反射系数的一种新方法.石油物探,1983,22(3):89-99.Xu Wenyuan,Xu Boxun,Wang Huaien et al.A new technique for estimating the ocean bottom reflection coefficients from the reverberant records.GPP,1983,22(3):89-99.
[17]程元方,李素闪,张文栋等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):26-31.Cheng Yuanfang,Li Sushan,Zhang Wendong et al.Processing key technology and its application for ocean bottom cable data.OGP,2017,52(S2):26-31.
[18]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进.石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381.Zhang Jianli,Liu Zhibin,Zhang Yunpeng et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings.GPP,2017,56(3):373-381.
[19]Backus M M.Water reverberations-their nature and elimination.Geophysics,1959,24(1):233-261.
[20]高少武,祝宽海.一种水陆检波器地震数据匹配的方法:中国,ZL201310531139.4[P].2013-10-31.Gao Shaowu,Zhu Kuanhai.A Matched Method for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201310531139.4[P].2013-10-31.
[21]高少武,赵波,高轩等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):29-32.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Gao Xuan et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching.OGP,2015,50(1):29-32.
[22]高少武,赵波,李桂芳等.纯相位因子估算与剩余子波相位校正.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):463-467.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Li Guifang et al.Estimation for pure phase factor and phase correction for residual wavelet.OGP,2014,49(3):463-467.
[23]高少武,魏更雨,赵波等.可控震源数据地震子波最小相位化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):685-689.Gao Shaowu,Wei Gengyu,Zhao Bo et al.Wavelet minimum-phasing method for vibroseis seismic data.OGP,2009,44(6):685-689.
[24]高少武,黄燕.一种水陆检波器地震数据标定因子反演的方法:中国,ZL201310736942.1[P].2013-11-29.Gao Shaowu,Huang Yan.A Method of the Scale Factor Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201310736942.1[P].2013-11-29.
[25]高轩,弓小平,高少武等.OBC水陆检数据标定因子估算方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):49-53.Gao Xuan,Gong Xiaoping,Gao Shaowu et al.Scale factor estimation for OBC dual-sensor seismic data.OGP,2016,51(1):49-53.
[26]高少武,赵波,罗国安等.一种水陆检波器数据海底反射系数反演的方法:中国,ZL201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Luo Guoan et al.A Mmethod of the Ocean Bottom Reflection Coefficient Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04.
[27]高少武,赵波,钱忠平等.水陆检波器数据海水深度反演方法和装置:中国,ZL201410377324.7[P].2014-08-01.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Qian Zhongping et al.A Method and Device of the Sea Water Depth Inversion for the OBC Dual-sensor Data:China,ZL201410377324.7[P].2014-08-01.
[28]高少武,赵波,钱忠平等.一种确定海水深度的方法及装置:中国,201510963991.8[P].2015-12-21.Gao Shaowu,Zhao Bo,Qian Zhongping et al.A Method and Device of Determining the Sea Water Depth:China,201510963991.8[P].2015-12-21.