OBC双检资料频谱陷波互补性差成因及处理思路
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摘要
针对实际生产中遇到的OBC双检资料频谱陷波互补性差的现象,从OBC水、陆双检检波器接收波场入手,分析了水、陆双检检波器接收到的检波点虚反射和鸣震干扰的差异,认识到鸣震干扰的存在是造成水、陆双检资料频谱陷波互补性差的主要原因。通过对不同海底反射系数情况下,含有鸣震干扰的水检、陆检模拟子波进行分析,认识到水检资料频谱陷波随海底反射系数增大而增强,陆检资料频谱陷波随海底反射系数增大而消弱,海底反射系数越大,水、陆双检资料频谱陷波互补性越差。对于水检、陆检频谱陷波互补性差的OBC资料,在选择双检合并方法衰减检波点虚反射时,不应对鸣震干扰造成影响,鸣震干扰在双检合并后,可利用预测反褶积等方法进行衰减,模拟数据和实际数据证明了该处理思路的正确性。
In view of the poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch of OBC dual-sensor data, the differences in ghost and reverberation recorded by hydrophone and geophone have been analyzed from the perspective of receiving wave fields of OBC hydrophone and geophone, and it is recognized that reverberation is the cause of poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data. At the same time, analysis of hydrophone and geophone wavelet contaminated by reverberation at the different sea bottom reflection coefficients shows that when the sea bottom reflection coefficient increases, the hydrophone data frequency spectrum notch gets sharper, while the geophone data frequency spectrum notch gets weaker, therefore, the higher the sea bottom reflection coefficient, the poorer the complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data of the OBC dual-sensor data. For OBC data with poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data, dual-data combining method selected to attenuate ghost reflection of receiver points should not affect reverberation, the reverberation can be attenuated through deconvolution method after the combination of the hydrophone and geophone data. Simulated data and real data have proved that the processing method above is right.
In view of the poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch of OBC dual-sensor data, the differences in ghost and reverberation recorded by hydrophone and geophone have been analyzed from the perspective of receiving wave fields of OBC hydrophone and geophone, and it is recognized that reverberation is the cause of poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data. At the same time, analysis of hydrophone and geophone wavelet contaminated by reverberation at the different sea bottom reflection coefficients shows that when the sea bottom reflection coefficient increases, the hydrophone data frequency spectrum notch gets sharper, while the geophone data frequency spectrum notch gets weaker, therefore, the higher the sea bottom reflection coefficient, the poorer the complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data of the OBC dual-sensor data. For OBC data with poor complementation of frequency spectrum notch between hydrophone data and geophone data, dual-data combining method selected to attenuate ghost reflection of receiver points should not affect reverberation, the reverberation can be attenuated through deconvolution method after the combination of the hydrophone and geophone data. Simulated data and real data have proved that the processing method above is right.
引文
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[14]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新,等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635.Wang Zhenhua,Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin,et al.Eliminate the reverberation of OBC dual sensor seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):626-635.
[15]王志亮,周滨,龚旭东,等.高密度高分辨地震勘探技术在渤海PL地区的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):37-44.Wang Zhiliang,Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,et al.Application of high-density and high-resolution seismic exploration technology for PL zone in Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):37-44.
[16]龚旭东,周滨,高梦晗,等.检波点水深误差对OBC双检资料合并处理的影响与对策[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):324-329.Gong Xudong,Zhou Bin,Gao Menghan,et al.The influence and strategy of water depth error at receivers on dual-sensor summing processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):324-329.
[2]Barr F J,Sanders J I.Attenuation of watercolumn reverberations using pressure and velocity detectors in a water-bottom cable[J].Expanded Abstracts of 59th Annual Internet SEG Mtg,1989:653-656.
[3]宋玉龙.滩浅海地区地震勘探存在的问题及其解决方法[J].石油物探,2005,44(4):343-346.Song Yulong.The problems and solutions of beach shallow water seismic exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(4):343-346.
[4]余志和,张庆淮,邸志欣,等.滩海地区采集方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):471-479.Yu Zhihe,Zhang Qinghuai,Di Zhixin,et al.Acquisition methods in the beach area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):471-479.
[5]安有利,姜瑞林.海底电缆地震采集系统的施工方法及优势[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):92-99.An Youli,Jiang Ruilin.The method andadvantage of OBC seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(3):92-99.
[6]周滨,龚旭东,张建峰.复杂海陆过渡带地震采集难点与对策[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):59-64.Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,Zhang Jianfeng.Bottlenecks and solutions of seismic data acquisition in complex marinecontinental transitional zone[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):59-64.
[7]王哲,杨志国,龚旭东,等.海底电缆地震资料采集观测系统对比[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(4):56-61.Wang Zhe,Yang Zhiguo,Gong Xudong,et al.Comparison of OBC seismic data acquisition geometries[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(4):56-61.
[8]Dragoset B,Barr F J.Ocean-bottom cable dual-sensor scaling[J].Expanded Abstracts of 64th Annual Internet SEG Mtg,1994:857-860.
[9]Soubaras R.Ocean-bottom hydrophone and geophone processing[J].Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internet SEG Mtg,1996:24-27.
[10]Ball V,Corrigan D.Dual-sensor summation of noisy oceanbottom data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internet SEG Mtg,1996:28-31.
[11]周建新,姚姚.双检波器压制海上鸣震[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(5):359-362.Zhou Jianxin,Yao Yao.Dual-detector to suppress the sea reverberation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1999,13(5):359-362.
[12]张志军,魏天罡.浅水多次波的联合衰减技术在渤海海域LD地区的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):59-65.Zhang Zhijun,Wei Tiangang.Application of joint shallowwater multiple attenuation technique in LD zone of Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):59-65.
[13]全海燕.海底电缆双检接收技术压制水柱混响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):7-12.Quan Haiyan.The submarine cable double-sensors technology to suppress the water column reverberation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):7-12.
[14]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新,等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635.Wang Zhenhua,Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin,et al.Eliminate the reverberation of OBC dual sensor seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):626-635.
[15]王志亮,周滨,龚旭东,等.高密度高分辨地震勘探技术在渤海PL地区的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):37-44.Wang Zhiliang,Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,et al.Application of high-density and high-resolution seismic exploration technology for PL zone in Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):37-44.
[16]龚旭东,周滨,高梦晗,等.检波点水深误差对OBC双检资料合并处理的影响与对策[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):324-329.Gong Xudong,Zhou Bin,Gao Menghan,et al.The influence and strategy of water depth error at receivers on dual-sensor summing processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):324-329.