多沙粗沙区5流域水沙变化及其对人类活动的响应
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摘要
基于多沙粗沙区皇甫川、孤山川、窟野河、秃尾河和无定河流域(5个流域)中各水文站1956~2012年逐月降雨、径流和输沙实测资料,对比了5个流域水沙情势,并定量分析了降水和人类活动对水沙变化的贡献率。结果表明,1956~2012年径流量、输沙量减少趋势明显,输沙量主要集中在汛期,占全年的96%,2000年以后,输沙量急剧减少;截止2010年,该地区实测水库总库容67 899.5×104 m3,仅为原库容的62.8%,同时该地区建有淤地坝9 114座,是水沙量减少的另一重要因素;在黄土高原北部区域,水库、淤地坝、灌区引水和煤矿开采等人类活动对径流量和输沙量的减少作用明显,也是水沙减少的关键因素。
Based on monthly rainfall,runoff and sediment transport data from 1956 to 2012measured at hydrological stations located correspondingly in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuyehe,Tuweihe and Wudinghe basins,the comparison were conducted for water and sediment situation of the basins,and the precipitation and human activities contribution rate for water and sediment were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that during 1956-2012 the decreasing trend of water and sediment variation is significant,the sediment transport in flood season accounts for 96% of the whole years and decreases sharply,especially after the year of 2000.By the end of 2010,the total constructed reservoir capacity in the region is 67 899.5×104 m3,which is only 62.8% of the original capacity.At the same time,the region built 9 114 warp land dams.The use of a large number of warp land dams is another important factor for the reduction amount of water and sediment.In the Loess Plateau Area,the reduction of runoff and sediment mainly caused by human activities,such as building of warp land dams,reservoirs,irrigation and coalmining,which had been becoming the key factor of reduction of water and sediment.
Based on monthly rainfall,runoff and sediment transport data from 1956 to 2012measured at hydrological stations located correspondingly in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuyehe,Tuweihe and Wudinghe basins,the comparison were conducted for water and sediment situation of the basins,and the precipitation and human activities contribution rate for water and sediment were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that during 1956-2012 the decreasing trend of water and sediment variation is significant,the sediment transport in flood season accounts for 96% of the whole years and decreases sharply,especially after the year of 2000.By the end of 2010,the total constructed reservoir capacity in the region is 67 899.5×104 m3,which is only 62.8% of the original capacity.At the same time,the region built 9 114 warp land dams.The use of a large number of warp land dams is another important factor for the reduction amount of water and sediment.In the Loess Plateau Area,the reduction of runoff and sediment mainly caused by human activities,such as building of warp land dams,reservoirs,irrigation and coalmining,which had been becoming the key factor of reduction of water and sediment.
引文
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[2]胡春宏.我国泥沙研究进展与发展趋向[J].泥沙研究,2014(6):1-5.
[3]赵广举,穆兴民,温仲明,等.皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对水沙变化的定量分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(4):1-8.
[4]赵爱军,高忠咏,冯天梅,等.孤山川流域水文特征变化及驱动因素[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(1):182-186.
[5]周旭,穆兴民,张鑫,等.秃尾河流域水土保持措施对河流泥沙变化的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):15-19.
[6]马静,田勇,孙一,等.清涧河流域水沙变化规律及影响因素分析[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(1):103-107.
[7]汪丽娜,穆兴民,张晓萍,等.陕北黄土丘陵区流域面平均雨量推算方法[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):39-42.
[8]张晓龙,黄领梅,沈冰.秦岭南北典型流域径流特征及其降水变化响应[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(1):11-14.
[9]姚文艺,冉大川,陈江南.黄河流域近期水沙变化及其趋势预测[J].水科学进展,2013,24(5):607-616.
[10]汤立群,陈国祥.水土保持减水减沙效益计算方法研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(1):79-84.
[11]冉大川,姚文艺,申震洲,等.黄河头道拐水沙变化多元驱动因子贡献率分析[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):769-778.
[12]魏霞,李占斌,沈冰,等.陕北子洲县典型淤地坝淤积过程和降雨关系的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):80-84.
[13]许炯心,孙季.水土保持措施对流域泥沙输移比的影响[J].水科学进展,2004,15(1):29-34.
[14]蒋晓辉,谷晓伟,何宏谋.窟野河流域煤炭开采对水循环的影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):300-307.