污泥水蒸气气化焦油化学组分的分布特征
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摘要
通过GC-MS分析,研究了气化温度和气料比S/B(水蒸气与污泥的质量比)对污泥气化焦油中芳香烃、含氮化合物、含氧化合物和含硫化合物分布特征的影响变化规律.结果表明:污泥气化焦油中芳香烃的化学组分主要为菲类、萘类、芴类和联苯类化合物,其中S/B值1.1、1.5和1.9时菲类和萘类化合物的产率在850℃均达到最大值,S/B值1.5和1.9时芴类产率随气化温度的升高而呈先升高后降低,而800oC时联苯类产率则随S/B值的增加而呈先升高后降低,其最高产率为1.284g/kg.含氮化合物以吲哚类化合物为主,其产率在S/B值为1.5和1.9时均随气化温度的升高而呈降低趋势;含氧化合物中主要为酚类化合物,其产率在750℃时随S/B值的升高而升高,其最高产率3.103g/kg;含硫化合物主要为4,4'-双(四氢噻喃),且仅在850oC、S/B值为1.9气化条件下检出产率为0.263g/kg的萘并[1,2-b]噻吩.
The influence of the gasification temperature and S/B(mass ratio of steam to sludge) on the distribution characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, oxygen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds in sludge gasification tar was studied by GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the tar mainly were the phenanthrenes, naphthalenes, fluorenes and biphenyls compounds, and the highest yields of the phenanthrenes and naphthalenes always appeared at the gasification temperature of 850℃ when S/B values were 1.1, 1.5 and 1.9 respectively. The fluorenes yield firstly increased and then decreased with the gasification temperature increase when S/B values were 1.5 and 1.9 respectively, but the biphenyls yield firstly increased and then decreased with S/B value increase at 800℃, which its highest yield was 1.284 g/kg. Indoles compounds was the main chemical components in nitrogen-containing compounds, which its yield decrease with the gasification temperature increase when S/B values were 1.5 and 1.9 respectively. The main components in oxygencontaining compounds was phenols compounds, and its yield increased with S/B value increase when the gasification temperature was 750℃, which its highes tyield was 3.103 g/kg. Besides, the main components of sulfur-containing compounds was 4,4'-bis(tetrahydrothiopyran), and naphtha [1, 2-b] thiophene with the yield of 0.263 g/kg only exist in the tar from the gasification at the temperature and S/B value of 850℃ and 1.9.
The influence of the gasification temperature and S/B(mass ratio of steam to sludge) on the distribution characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, oxygen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds in sludge gasification tar was studied by GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the tar mainly were the phenanthrenes, naphthalenes, fluorenes and biphenyls compounds, and the highest yields of the phenanthrenes and naphthalenes always appeared at the gasification temperature of 850℃ when S/B values were 1.1, 1.5 and 1.9 respectively. The fluorenes yield firstly increased and then decreased with the gasification temperature increase when S/B values were 1.5 and 1.9 respectively, but the biphenyls yield firstly increased and then decreased with S/B value increase at 800℃, which its highest yield was 1.284 g/kg. Indoles compounds was the main chemical components in nitrogen-containing compounds, which its yield decrease with the gasification temperature increase when S/B values were 1.5 and 1.9 respectively. The main components in oxygencontaining compounds was phenols compounds, and its yield increased with S/B value increase when the gasification temperature was 750℃, which its highes tyield was 3.103 g/kg. Besides, the main components of sulfur-containing compounds was 4,4'-bis(tetrahydrothiopyran), and naphtha [1, 2-b] thiophene with the yield of 0.263 g/kg only exist in the tar from the gasification at the temperature and S/B value of 850℃ and 1.9.
引文
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[2]魏盟盟,刘帅,桂本,等.污泥中脂肪族硫低温热解下含硫气体的释放特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,2015,21(1):71-76.
[3]Syed-Hassan S S A,Wang Y,Hu S,et al.Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel:Fundamentals,challenges and considerations[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,80:888-913.
[4]Li H H,Chen Z H,Huo C,et al.Effect of bioleaching on hydrogenrich gas production by steam gasification of sewage sludge[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:1212-1218.
[5]Manya J J,Sanchez J L,Gonzalo A,et al.Air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a fluidized bed:Effect of the operating conditions and in-bed use of alumina[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(2):629-636.
[6]Choi Y K,Cho M H,Kim J S.Air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a two-stage gasifier.Part 4:Application of additives including Ni-impregnated activated carbon for the production of a tar-free and H2-rich producer gas with a low NH3 content[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(3):1460-1467.
[7]胡艳军,肖春龙,王久兵,等.污水污泥水蒸气气化产物特性研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2015,43(1):47-51+93.
[8]张尚毅,刘国涛,唐利兰,等.温度对城市有机垃圾热解焦油成分的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):827-832.
[9]杨秀山,赵军,骆海鹏,等.微生物降解生物质气化洗焦废水和焦油的研究[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(2):14-16.
[10]姬爱民,张书廷,徐晖,等.污泥热解油中类汽油组分组成和燃料特性分析[J].燃料化学学报,2011,39(3):194-197.
[11]秦梓雅,解立平,王云峰,等.污水污泥流化床气化焦油的化学组成分析[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(6):761-768.
[12]朱小磊.脱水污泥与松木锯末共热解气化特性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.
[13]De Andrés J M,Roche E,Narros A,et al.Characterisation of tar from sewage sludge gasification.Influence of gasifying conditions:Temperature,throughput,steam and use of primary catalysts[J].Fuel,2016,180(15):116-126.
[14]张尚军,靳志伟,陆文洋,等.煤焦-水蒸气气化过程中多环芳烃生成与分布规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(3):108-112+116.
[15]张军.微波热解污水污泥过程中氮转化途径及调控策略[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.
[16]王欢.湿污泥热解影响因素与产氢途径的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[17]周宏仓.流化床煤部分气化/半焦燃烧多环芳烃生成与排放特性的研究[D].南京:东南大学,2005.
[18]刘秀如.城市污水污泥热解实验研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所),2011.
[19]时鹏.城市污泥快速热解产物中氮的分布及催化脱氮研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[20]黄鑫.污水污泥快速热解制备生物油及化学品[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.
[21]吕高金.玉米秆及其主要组分的热解规律与生物油特征组分的定量分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[22]魏盟盟.污泥低温热解下有机硫向含硫气体转化特性的实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2014.
[23]任正元.微波热解污泥过程中产生NH3和HCN的规律及影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.