高含CO_2的多相流体系节流效应模型
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摘要
CO_2驱采油过程中,为了保证集输管道的安全运行,必须准确预测其井口节流特性,以防止节流后管道发生冰堵。基于BWRS状态方程、相平衡原理及热平衡方程,提出适于高含CO_2的多相流节流效应模型。该模型在低压(5 MPa以下)范围内具有较高的精确度,计算结果与Aspen HYSYS软件计算结果对比,误差范围为±1%。研究表明:在模型适用范围内,CO_2多相流体系含CH_4、N_2、H_2这3种杂质均提高了CO_2-H_2O多相流体系节流后的温度,其中H_2对节流后温度的提升最大。节流温降随气液比的增大而增大,当气液比低于10时,气液比变化对节流后温度的影响较明显。研究结果对CO_2驱油井采出流体节流安全控制与管道冻堵防治具有指导意义。
In order to ensure the safe operation of gathering pipeline in the process of CO_2 flooding, wellhead throttling characteristics shall be predicted accurately to prevent the formation of ice blockage in the pipeline after the throttling. In this paper, the throttling effect model suitable for multiphase flow with high CO_2 content was developed based on BWRS equation of state, phase equilibrium principle and thermal equilibrium equation. The accuracy of this model is high under low pressure(lower than 5 MPa). The calculation error between Aspen HYSYS and this model is ±1%. It is indicated that in the applicable scope of this model, the temperature of CO_2-H_2O multiphase flow system after the throttling is increased by CH_4, N2 and H_2 contained in the CO_2 multiphase flow system and the contribution of H_2 to the temperature rise after the throttling is the greatest. In addition, the temperature drop after the throttling increases with the increase of gas/liquid ratio, and the effect of gas/liquid ratio on the temperature after the throttling is more obvious when it is lower than 10. The research results can be used as the reference for the throttling safety control and pipeline ice blockage control of the liquid produced from the oil wells of CO_2 flooding.
In order to ensure the safe operation of gathering pipeline in the process of CO_2 flooding, wellhead throttling characteristics shall be predicted accurately to prevent the formation of ice blockage in the pipeline after the throttling. In this paper, the throttling effect model suitable for multiphase flow with high CO_2 content was developed based on BWRS equation of state, phase equilibrium principle and thermal equilibrium equation. The accuracy of this model is high under low pressure(lower than 5 MPa). The calculation error between Aspen HYSYS and this model is ±1%. It is indicated that in the applicable scope of this model, the temperature of CO_2-H_2O multiphase flow system after the throttling is increased by CH_4, N2 and H_2 contained in the CO_2 multiphase flow system and the contribution of H_2 to the temperature rise after the throttling is the greatest. In addition, the temperature drop after the throttling increases with the increase of gas/liquid ratio, and the effect of gas/liquid ratio on the temperature after the throttling is more obvious when it is lower than 10. The research results can be used as the reference for the throttling safety control and pipeline ice blockage control of the liquid produced from the oil wells of CO_2 flooding.
引文
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[15]PERKINS T K.Critical and subcritical flow of multiphase mixtures through chokes[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1993,8(4):271-276.
[16]刘建仪,李颖川,杜志敏.高气液比气井气液两相节流预测数学模型[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):85-87.LIU J Y,LI Y C,DU Z M.Mathematical model of gas/liquid bi-phase throttling prediction for gas wells with high gas/liquid ratio[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(8):85-87.
[17]李颖川,王志彬,唐嘉贵,等.气井气水两相节流温降模型[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):57-59.LI Y C,WANG Z B,TANG J G,et al.A choke heat drop model for gas-water two-phase flow in gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(3):57-59.
[18]LI C J,JIA W L,WU X.Temperature prediction for high pressure high temperature condensate gas flow through chokes[J].Energies,2012,5(3):670-682.
[19]李玉星,姚光镇.输气管道设计与管理[M].第2版.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009:63-65.LI Y X,YAO G Z.The design and management of gas transmission pipeline[M].2nd ed.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2009:63-65.
[20]STARLING K E,HAN M S.Thermo data refined for LPG.Part 14:Mixtures[J].Hydrocarbon Processing,1972,51(5):129-132.
[21]CARROLL J J,SLUPSKY J D,MATHER A E.The solubility of carbon dioxide in water at low pressure[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,1991,20(6):1201-1209.
[22]ASPENTech.Aspen HYSYS user guide[EB/OL].(2011-05-23)[2018-03-21].http://www.aspentech.com.
[23]李顺丽,潘红宇,李玉星,等.杂质对管输CO2节流过程的影响[J].油气储运,2016,35(7):742-746.LI S L,PAN H Y,LI Y X,et al.Impacts of foreign substances on orificing of CO2 in pipeline transmission[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(7):742-746.
[24]王武昌,滕霖,李玉星,等.高含二氧化碳采出物节流特性的实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(32):107-111.WANG W C,TENG L,LI Y X,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of produced crude with high CO2 content passing throttle valve[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(32):107-111.
[2]周玉辉.准噶尔盆地稠油油藏CO2驱提高采收率及埋存技术可行性研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014:1-2.ZHOU Y H.Research on feasibility of CO2 flooding and storage technology application in Junggar Basins heavy oil reservior[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014:1-2.
[3]廖长霖,廖新维,赵晓亮,等.低渗透油藏二氧化碳驱油及埋存可行性研究--以新疆油田八区克上组油藏为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(5):79-83.LIAO C L,LIAO X W,ZHAO X L,et al.Feasibility of carbon dioxide flooding and realization of sequestration in low permeability oil reservoir-case study in Baqukeshangzu reservoir of Xinjiang oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(5):79-83.
[4]张德平.CO2驱采油技术研究与应用现状[J].科技导报,2011,29(13):75-79.ZHANG D P.CO2 flooding enhanced oil recovery technique and its application status[J].Science&Technology Review,2011,29(13):75-79.
[5]秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216.QIN J S,HAN H S,LIU X L.Application and enlightenment of carbon dioxide flooding in the United States of America[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):209-216.
[6]李顺丽,李玉星,赵青,等.纯CO2的节流特性[J].天然气工业,2015,35(8):93-98.LI S L,LI Y X,ZHAO Q,et al.Throttle characteristics of pure CO2[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(8):93-98.
[7]赵青,李玉星.杂质对管道输送CO2相特性的影响规律[J].油气储运,2014,33(7):734-739.ZHAO Q,LI Y X.Impact of impurities on the phase behavior of CO2 in pipeline transportation[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(7):734-739.
[8]张大同,滕霖,李玉星,等.管输CO2焦耳-汤姆逊系数计算方法[J].油气储运,2018,37(1):35-39.ZHANG D T,TENG L,LI Y X,et al.A calculation method for Joule-Thomson coefficient of pipeline CO2[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(1):35-39.
[9]TENG L,ZHANG D T,LI Y X,et al.Multiphase mixture model to predict temperature drop in highly choked conditions in CO2enhanced oil recovery[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,108:670-679.
[10]TENG L,LI Y X,HAN H,et al.Numerical investigation of deposition characteristics of solid CO2 during choked flow for CO2 pipelines[C].Calgary:2016 11th International Pipeline Conference,2016:V002T02A004.
[11]李颖川,胡顺渠,郭春秋.天然气节流温降机理模型[J].天然气工业,2003,23(3):70-72.LI Y C,HU S Q,GUO C Q.Model of temperature drop mechanism when gas flowing through chokes[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(3):70-72.
[12]蒋代君,陈次昌,伍超,等.井下节流嘴对天然气井筒流场的影响[J].工程热物理学报,2007,28(4):595-597.JIANG D J,CHEN C C,WU C,et al.The influence of flow field in gas wellbore by downhole-choke[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2007,28(4):595-597.
[13]李玉星,邹德永.气嘴流动特性及温降计算方法[J].油气储运,2002,21(2):15-19.LI Y X,ZOU D Y.A study on the nozzle flow characteristic and the temperature drop calculation method[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2002,21(2):15-19.
[14]ASHFORD F E.An evaluation of critical multiphase flow performance through wellhead chokes[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1974,26(8):843-850.
[15]PERKINS T K.Critical and subcritical flow of multiphase mixtures through chokes[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1993,8(4):271-276.
[16]刘建仪,李颖川,杜志敏.高气液比气井气液两相节流预测数学模型[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):85-87.LIU J Y,LI Y C,DU Z M.Mathematical model of gas/liquid bi-phase throttling prediction for gas wells with high gas/liquid ratio[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(8):85-87.
[17]李颖川,王志彬,唐嘉贵,等.气井气水两相节流温降模型[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):57-59.LI Y C,WANG Z B,TANG J G,et al.A choke heat drop model for gas-water two-phase flow in gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(3):57-59.
[18]LI C J,JIA W L,WU X.Temperature prediction for high pressure high temperature condensate gas flow through chokes[J].Energies,2012,5(3):670-682.
[19]李玉星,姚光镇.输气管道设计与管理[M].第2版.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009:63-65.LI Y X,YAO G Z.The design and management of gas transmission pipeline[M].2nd ed.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2009:63-65.
[20]STARLING K E,HAN M S.Thermo data refined for LPG.Part 14:Mixtures[J].Hydrocarbon Processing,1972,51(5):129-132.
[21]CARROLL J J,SLUPSKY J D,MATHER A E.The solubility of carbon dioxide in water at low pressure[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,1991,20(6):1201-1209.
[22]ASPENTech.Aspen HYSYS user guide[EB/OL].(2011-05-23)[2018-03-21].http://www.aspentech.com.
[23]李顺丽,潘红宇,李玉星,等.杂质对管输CO2节流过程的影响[J].油气储运,2016,35(7):742-746.LI S L,PAN H Y,LI Y X,et al.Impacts of foreign substances on orificing of CO2 in pipeline transmission[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(7):742-746.
[24]王武昌,滕霖,李玉星,等.高含二氧化碳采出物节流特性的实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(32):107-111.WANG W C,TENG L,LI Y X,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of produced crude with high CO2 content passing throttle valve[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(32):107-111.