食品废物中蛋白质利用及提取技术的研究进展
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摘要
食品废物的填埋、焚化等处置方式引起了严重的环境问题,也造成了能源的极大浪费。食品废物中蛋白质的提取和利用技术已成为解决当前食品废物的处置和未来蛋白质能源供应问题的关键。该文对近几年食品加工行业常用的蛋白质提取技术及其新进展作了总结;同时归纳了近几年食品废物中的蛋白质利用情况,包括食品废物生产单细胞蛋白、生物活性肽、昆虫蛋白、氨基酸和蛋白饲料等方面;最后,对餐厨垃圾以及食品废物中蛋白质提取技术的发展和研究方向进行了展望。
Landfill, incineration and other disposal methods for food waste have caused serious environmental problems and also caused a great waste of energy. The development of protein extraction and utilization technologies in food waste has become the key to solving the problem of food waste disposal and protein energy supply in the future. This paper summarizes the protein extraction technology and its new progress of food processing industry in recent years, it also summarizes the utilization of protein in food waste in recent years, including the production of single-cell protein, bioactive peptide, insect protein,amino acid and protein feed in food waste. Finally, the development and research direction of protein extraction technology in kitchen waste and food waste is prospected.
Landfill, incineration and other disposal methods for food waste have caused serious environmental problems and also caused a great waste of energy. The development of protein extraction and utilization technologies in food waste has become the key to solving the problem of food waste disposal and protein energy supply in the future. This paper summarizes the protein extraction technology and its new progress of food processing industry in recent years, it also summarizes the utilization of protein in food waste in recent years, including the production of single-cell protein, bioactive peptide, insect protein,amino acid and protein feed in food waste. Finally, the development and research direction of protein extraction technology in kitchen waste and food waste is prospected.
引文
[1] Mirabella N, Castellani V, Sala S. Current options for the valorization of food manufacturing waste:a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014,65(4):28-41.
[2] Yang C, Yang M, Yu Q. An analytical study on the resource recycling potentials of urban and rural domestic waste in China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012,16:25-33.
[3] Mian M M, Zeng X, Nasry A A N B, et al. Municipal solid waste management in China:a comparative analysis[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2017,19(3):1127-1135.
[4]孙艳艳,吕志坚.美国构建餐厨垃圾等级化处理体系[J].全球科技经济瞭望, 2014,29(1):50-55.Sun Yanyan, Lyu Zhijian. Hierarchical food waste disposal system in the United States[J]. Global Science, Technology and Economy Outlook, 2014,29(1):50-55.
[5] Aluko R E. 15-food protein-derived peptides:production,isolation, and purification[J]. Proteins in Food Processing,2018:389-412.
[6] European Commission. Preparatory Study on Food Waste across EU 27[R]. 2010.
[7] Galanakis C M. Recovery of high added-value components from food wastes:conventional, emerging technologies and commercialized applications[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2012,26(2):68-87.
[8] Pleissner D, Venus J. Utilization of protein-rich residues in biotechnological processes[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016,100(5):2133-2140.
[9] Aluko R E, Yada R Y. The Extraction and Purification of Proteins:an Introduction[R]. Yada R Y. Proteins in Food Processing. India:Andre Gerhard Wolff, 2004:323-351.
[10] Zhang C S, Zhao Q, Tang L, et al. The extraction of peanut protein peptone hydrolysate from cold pressed peanut meal by papain[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 668-669:1577-1580.
[11] Kadam S U, Tiwari B K,álvarez C, et al. Ultrasound applications for the extraction, identification and delivery of food proteins and bioactive peptides[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2015,46(1):60-67.
[12] Amagliani L, O’Regan J, Kelly A L, et al. The composition,extraction, functionality and applications of rice proteins:a review[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2017,64:1-12.
[13] Gadalkar S M, Gogate P R, Rathod V K. Recovery of proteins from rice mill industry waste(rice bran)using alkaline or NaCl-assisted alkaline extraction processes[J]. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2017,40:1-12.
[14] Galanakis C M, Castro-Mu?oz R, Cassano A, et al. Recovery of High-added-value Compounds from Food Waste by Membrane Technology[R]. Figoli A. Membrane Technologies for Biorefining. Italian:National Research Council,2016:189-215.
[15] Aspevik T, Oterhals?, R?nning S B, et al. Valorization of proteins from co-and by-products from the fish and meat industry[J]. Topics in Current Chemistry, 2017,375(3):53.
[16] Benhabiles M S, Abdi N, Drouiche N, et al. Protein recovery by ultrafiltration during isolation of chitin from shrimp shells Parapenaeus longirostris[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2013, 32(1):28-34.
[17] Cao W, Tan C, Zhan X, et al. Ultraviolet irradiation and gradient temperature assisted autolysis for protein recovery from shrimp head waste[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014,164(20):136-141.
[18] Houde M, Khodaei N, Benkerroum N, et al. Barley protein concentrates:extraction, structural and functional properties[J]. Food Chemistry, 2018,254:367-376.
[19] Hidalgo D, Mussons M L, Martín-Marroquín J M, et al.Combined remediation and protein production using microalgae growth on waste bakery products[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2018,9(12):1-10.
[20] Wang W Q, Zhang L W, Han X, et al. Cheese whey protein recovery by ultrafiltration through transglutaminase(TG)catalysis whey protein cross-linking[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017,215:31-40.
[21] Aggelopoulos T, Katsieris K, Bekatorou A, et al. Solid state fermentation of food waste mixtures for single cell protein,aroma volatiles and fat production[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014,145(145):710-716.
[22] Yagoub E G A, Ma H, Zhou C. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein from rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)meal:optimization of extraction conditions and structural characteristics of the protein[J]. International Food Research Journal,2017,24(2):621-629.
[23] Nguyen T T, Zhang W, Barber A R, et al. Microwave-intensified enzymatic deproteinization of Australian rock lobster shells(Jasus edwardsii)for the efficient recovery of protein hydrolysate as food functional nutrients[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2016,9(4):628-636.
[24] Cárdenas C, Barkla B J, Wacher C, et al. Protein extraction method for the proteomic study of a Mexican traditional fermented starchy food[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2014, 111:139-147.
[25] Lu W, Chen X W, Wang J M, et al. Enzyme-assisted subcritical water extraction and characterization of soy protein from heat-denatured meal[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2016,169:250-258.
[26] Zeng Y, Bian D, Xie Y, et al. Utilization of food waste hydrolysate for microbial lipid and protein production by Rhodosporidium toruloides Y2[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2017,92(3):666-673.
[27] VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. New Method Efficiently Separates Proteins from Agrobiomass By-products-Particularly Brewer's Spent Grain(BSG)[EB/OL]. http://www. vttresearch. com/media/news/new-method-efficiently-separates-proteins-from-agrobiomass-by-products,2016-2-18.
[28]álvarez C, Lélu P, Lynch S, et al. Optimised protein recovery from mackerel whole fish by using sequential acid/alkaline isoelectric solubilization precipitation(ISP)extraction assisted by ultrasound[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2018,88:210-216.
[29] Matak K E, Tahergorabi R, Jaczynski J. A review:protein isolates recovered by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation processing from muscle food by-products as a component of nutraceutical foods[J]. Food Research International, 2015,77:697-703.
[30] Sibteabbas M, Butt M S, Sultan M T, et al. Nutritional and functional properties of protein isolates extracted from defatted peanut flour[J]. International Food Research Journal,2015,22(4):1533-1537.
[31] Uhiara N S, Onwuka G. Suitability of protein-rich extract from okra seed for formulation of ready to use therapeutic foods(RUTF)[J]. Nigerian Food Journal, 2014,32(1):105-109.
[32] Ozuna C, Paniagua Martínez I, Casta?o Tostado E, et al.Innovative applications of high-intensity ultrasound in the development of functional food ingredients:production of protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides[J]. Food Research International, 2015,77:685-696.
[33] Kumar K, Yadav A N, Kumar V, et al. Food waste:a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds[J]. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2017, 4(1):18.
[34] Wang F, Zhou C, He W, et al. The content variation of fat,protein and starch in kitchen waste under microwave radiation[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2016,31:530-534.
[35] Yusoff M M, Gordon M H, Niranjan K. Aqueous enzyme assisted oil extraction from oilseeds and emulsion de-emulsifying methods:a review[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2015,41(1):60-82.
[36] Liu J J, Gasmalla M A A, Li P, et al. Enzyme-assisted extraction processing from oilseeds:principle, processing and application[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016,35:184-193.
[37] Latif S, Anwar F. Aqueous enzymatic sesame oil and protein extraction[J]. Food Chemistry, 2011,125(2):679-684.
[38] Talekar S, Patti A F, Singh R, et al. From waste to wealth:high recovery of nutraceuticals from pomegranate seed waste using a green extraction process[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018,112:790-802.
[39] Pojic M, Mi?an A, Tiwari B. Eco-innovative technologies for extraction of proteins for human consumption from renewable protein sources of plant origin[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2018,75:93-104.
[40] Sereewatthanawut I, Prapintip S, Watchiraruji K, et al. Extraction of protein and amino acids from deoiled rice bran by subcritical water hydrolysis[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(3):555-561.
[41] Khajavi S H, Ota S, Kimura Y, et al. Kinetics of maltooligosaccharide hydrolysis in subcritical water[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006,54(10):3663-3667.
[42] Anupama, Ravindra P. Value-added food:single cell protein[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2000,18(6):459-479.
[43] Aline M D S, Vieira K R, Basso Sartori R, et al. Heterotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria:study of effect of exogenous sources of organic carbon, absolute amount of nutrients, and stirring speed on biomass and lipid productivity[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2017,5:12.
[44] Gervasi T, Pellizzeri V, Calabrese G, et al. Production of single cell protein(SCP)from food and agricultural waste by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Natural Product Research, 2017,32(6):1-6.
[45] Vercruysse L, Van C J, Smagghe G. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysates of animal muscle protein:a review[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005,53(21):8106-8115.
[46] Di B R, Harnedy P, Bolton D, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptidic hydrolysates from muscle protein sources and by-products[J]. Food Chemistry, 2011, 124(4):1296-1307.
[47] Stamer A. Insect proteins-a new source for animal feed[J].EMBO Reports, 2015,16(6):676-680.
[48] Purschke B, Tanzmeister H, Meinlschmidt P, et al. Recovery of soluble proteins from migratory locust(Locusta migratoria)and characterisation of their compositional and technofunctional properties[J]. Food Research International, 2018,106:271-279.
[49] Purschke B, Sanchez Y D M, J?ger H. Centrifugal fractionation of mealworm larvae(Tenebrio molitor L.)for protein recovery and concentration[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2018,89:224-228.
[50]高凤彩,张学才.有机生活垃圾发酵底物提取蛋白质的研究[J].安庆师范学院学报:自然科学版, 2001,7(1):31-33.Gao Fengcai, Zhang Xuecai. A study of feed-protein extracted from fermented organic house refuse[J]. Journal of Anqing Teachers College:Natural Science Edition, 2001,7(1):31-33.
[51] Pleissner D, Karmee S K, Wan C L, et al. Valorisation of food waste for sustainable production of chemicals, materials and fuels[J]. Innovation and Technology Commission,2014.
[52] Boland M J, Rae A N, Vereijken J M, et al. The future supply of animal-derived protein for human consumption[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2013,29(1):62-73.
[53]蔡静,张紊玮,贠建民,等.餐厨垃圾微生物发酵生产蛋白饲料的工艺优化[J].中国酿造, 2015,34(2):114-119.Cai Jing, Zhang Wenwei, Yun Jianmin, et al. Optimization of microbial fermentation process to produce protein feed from kitchen waste[J]. China Brewing, 2015,34(2):114-119.
[54]李锋,顾卫兵,白小龙,等.餐厨垃圾制备生物蛋白饲料的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业, 2013,12(12):33-36.Li Feng, Gu Weibing, Bai Xiaolong, et al. Preparation of biological protein feed with food waste[J]. Cereal and Feed Industry, 2013,12(12):33-36.
[2] Yang C, Yang M, Yu Q. An analytical study on the resource recycling potentials of urban and rural domestic waste in China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012,16:25-33.
[3] Mian M M, Zeng X, Nasry A A N B, et al. Municipal solid waste management in China:a comparative analysis[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2017,19(3):1127-1135.
[4]孙艳艳,吕志坚.美国构建餐厨垃圾等级化处理体系[J].全球科技经济瞭望, 2014,29(1):50-55.Sun Yanyan, Lyu Zhijian. Hierarchical food waste disposal system in the United States[J]. Global Science, Technology and Economy Outlook, 2014,29(1):50-55.
[5] Aluko R E. 15-food protein-derived peptides:production,isolation, and purification[J]. Proteins in Food Processing,2018:389-412.
[6] European Commission. Preparatory Study on Food Waste across EU 27[R]. 2010.
[7] Galanakis C M. Recovery of high added-value components from food wastes:conventional, emerging technologies and commercialized applications[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2012,26(2):68-87.
[8] Pleissner D, Venus J. Utilization of protein-rich residues in biotechnological processes[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016,100(5):2133-2140.
[9] Aluko R E, Yada R Y. The Extraction and Purification of Proteins:an Introduction[R]. Yada R Y. Proteins in Food Processing. India:Andre Gerhard Wolff, 2004:323-351.
[10] Zhang C S, Zhao Q, Tang L, et al. The extraction of peanut protein peptone hydrolysate from cold pressed peanut meal by papain[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 668-669:1577-1580.
[11] Kadam S U, Tiwari B K,álvarez C, et al. Ultrasound applications for the extraction, identification and delivery of food proteins and bioactive peptides[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2015,46(1):60-67.
[12] Amagliani L, O’Regan J, Kelly A L, et al. The composition,extraction, functionality and applications of rice proteins:a review[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2017,64:1-12.
[13] Gadalkar S M, Gogate P R, Rathod V K. Recovery of proteins from rice mill industry waste(rice bran)using alkaline or NaCl-assisted alkaline extraction processes[J]. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2017,40:1-12.
[14] Galanakis C M, Castro-Mu?oz R, Cassano A, et al. Recovery of High-added-value Compounds from Food Waste by Membrane Technology[R]. Figoli A. Membrane Technologies for Biorefining. Italian:National Research Council,2016:189-215.
[15] Aspevik T, Oterhals?, R?nning S B, et al. Valorization of proteins from co-and by-products from the fish and meat industry[J]. Topics in Current Chemistry, 2017,375(3):53.
[16] Benhabiles M S, Abdi N, Drouiche N, et al. Protein recovery by ultrafiltration during isolation of chitin from shrimp shells Parapenaeus longirostris[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2013, 32(1):28-34.
[17] Cao W, Tan C, Zhan X, et al. Ultraviolet irradiation and gradient temperature assisted autolysis for protein recovery from shrimp head waste[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014,164(20):136-141.
[18] Houde M, Khodaei N, Benkerroum N, et al. Barley protein concentrates:extraction, structural and functional properties[J]. Food Chemistry, 2018,254:367-376.
[19] Hidalgo D, Mussons M L, Martín-Marroquín J M, et al.Combined remediation and protein production using microalgae growth on waste bakery products[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2018,9(12):1-10.
[20] Wang W Q, Zhang L W, Han X, et al. Cheese whey protein recovery by ultrafiltration through transglutaminase(TG)catalysis whey protein cross-linking[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017,215:31-40.
[21] Aggelopoulos T, Katsieris K, Bekatorou A, et al. Solid state fermentation of food waste mixtures for single cell protein,aroma volatiles and fat production[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014,145(145):710-716.
[22] Yagoub E G A, Ma H, Zhou C. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein from rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)meal:optimization of extraction conditions and structural characteristics of the protein[J]. International Food Research Journal,2017,24(2):621-629.
[23] Nguyen T T, Zhang W, Barber A R, et al. Microwave-intensified enzymatic deproteinization of Australian rock lobster shells(Jasus edwardsii)for the efficient recovery of protein hydrolysate as food functional nutrients[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2016,9(4):628-636.
[24] Cárdenas C, Barkla B J, Wacher C, et al. Protein extraction method for the proteomic study of a Mexican traditional fermented starchy food[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2014, 111:139-147.
[25] Lu W, Chen X W, Wang J M, et al. Enzyme-assisted subcritical water extraction and characterization of soy protein from heat-denatured meal[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2016,169:250-258.
[26] Zeng Y, Bian D, Xie Y, et al. Utilization of food waste hydrolysate for microbial lipid and protein production by Rhodosporidium toruloides Y2[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2017,92(3):666-673.
[27] VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. New Method Efficiently Separates Proteins from Agrobiomass By-products-Particularly Brewer's Spent Grain(BSG)[EB/OL]. http://www. vttresearch. com/media/news/new-method-efficiently-separates-proteins-from-agrobiomass-by-products,2016-2-18.
[28]álvarez C, Lélu P, Lynch S, et al. Optimised protein recovery from mackerel whole fish by using sequential acid/alkaline isoelectric solubilization precipitation(ISP)extraction assisted by ultrasound[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2018,88:210-216.
[29] Matak K E, Tahergorabi R, Jaczynski J. A review:protein isolates recovered by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation processing from muscle food by-products as a component of nutraceutical foods[J]. Food Research International, 2015,77:697-703.
[30] Sibteabbas M, Butt M S, Sultan M T, et al. Nutritional and functional properties of protein isolates extracted from defatted peanut flour[J]. International Food Research Journal,2015,22(4):1533-1537.
[31] Uhiara N S, Onwuka G. Suitability of protein-rich extract from okra seed for formulation of ready to use therapeutic foods(RUTF)[J]. Nigerian Food Journal, 2014,32(1):105-109.
[32] Ozuna C, Paniagua Martínez I, Casta?o Tostado E, et al.Innovative applications of high-intensity ultrasound in the development of functional food ingredients:production of protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides[J]. Food Research International, 2015,77:685-696.
[33] Kumar K, Yadav A N, Kumar V, et al. Food waste:a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds[J]. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2017, 4(1):18.
[34] Wang F, Zhou C, He W, et al. The content variation of fat,protein and starch in kitchen waste under microwave radiation[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2016,31:530-534.
[35] Yusoff M M, Gordon M H, Niranjan K. Aqueous enzyme assisted oil extraction from oilseeds and emulsion de-emulsifying methods:a review[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2015,41(1):60-82.
[36] Liu J J, Gasmalla M A A, Li P, et al. Enzyme-assisted extraction processing from oilseeds:principle, processing and application[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016,35:184-193.
[37] Latif S, Anwar F. Aqueous enzymatic sesame oil and protein extraction[J]. Food Chemistry, 2011,125(2):679-684.
[38] Talekar S, Patti A F, Singh R, et al. From waste to wealth:high recovery of nutraceuticals from pomegranate seed waste using a green extraction process[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018,112:790-802.
[39] Pojic M, Mi?an A, Tiwari B. Eco-innovative technologies for extraction of proteins for human consumption from renewable protein sources of plant origin[J]. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2018,75:93-104.
[40] Sereewatthanawut I, Prapintip S, Watchiraruji K, et al. Extraction of protein and amino acids from deoiled rice bran by subcritical water hydrolysis[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(3):555-561.
[41] Khajavi S H, Ota S, Kimura Y, et al. Kinetics of maltooligosaccharide hydrolysis in subcritical water[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006,54(10):3663-3667.
[42] Anupama, Ravindra P. Value-added food:single cell protein[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2000,18(6):459-479.
[43] Aline M D S, Vieira K R, Basso Sartori R, et al. Heterotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria:study of effect of exogenous sources of organic carbon, absolute amount of nutrients, and stirring speed on biomass and lipid productivity[J].Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2017,5:12.
[44] Gervasi T, Pellizzeri V, Calabrese G, et al. Production of single cell protein(SCP)from food and agricultural waste by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Natural Product Research, 2017,32(6):1-6.
[45] Vercruysse L, Van C J, Smagghe G. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysates of animal muscle protein:a review[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005,53(21):8106-8115.
[46] Di B R, Harnedy P, Bolton D, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptidic hydrolysates from muscle protein sources and by-products[J]. Food Chemistry, 2011, 124(4):1296-1307.
[47] Stamer A. Insect proteins-a new source for animal feed[J].EMBO Reports, 2015,16(6):676-680.
[48] Purschke B, Tanzmeister H, Meinlschmidt P, et al. Recovery of soluble proteins from migratory locust(Locusta migratoria)and characterisation of their compositional and technofunctional properties[J]. Food Research International, 2018,106:271-279.
[49] Purschke B, Sanchez Y D M, J?ger H. Centrifugal fractionation of mealworm larvae(Tenebrio molitor L.)for protein recovery and concentration[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2018,89:224-228.
[50]高凤彩,张学才.有机生活垃圾发酵底物提取蛋白质的研究[J].安庆师范学院学报:自然科学版, 2001,7(1):31-33.Gao Fengcai, Zhang Xuecai. A study of feed-protein extracted from fermented organic house refuse[J]. Journal of Anqing Teachers College:Natural Science Edition, 2001,7(1):31-33.
[51] Pleissner D, Karmee S K, Wan C L, et al. Valorisation of food waste for sustainable production of chemicals, materials and fuels[J]. Innovation and Technology Commission,2014.
[52] Boland M J, Rae A N, Vereijken J M, et al. The future supply of animal-derived protein for human consumption[J].Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2013,29(1):62-73.
[53]蔡静,张紊玮,贠建民,等.餐厨垃圾微生物发酵生产蛋白饲料的工艺优化[J].中国酿造, 2015,34(2):114-119.Cai Jing, Zhang Wenwei, Yun Jianmin, et al. Optimization of microbial fermentation process to produce protein feed from kitchen waste[J]. China Brewing, 2015,34(2):114-119.
[54]李锋,顾卫兵,白小龙,等.餐厨垃圾制备生物蛋白饲料的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业, 2013,12(12):33-36.Li Feng, Gu Weibing, Bai Xiaolong, et al. Preparation of biological protein feed with food waste[J]. Cereal and Feed Industry, 2013,12(12):33-36.