南黄海中、古生界地震波场反射特征模拟与采集技术攻关
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摘要
南黄海中部隆起发育巨厚的中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩地层,油气勘探前景良好,但地震资料品质差,中、古生界地震数据信噪比低导致残留盆地构造落实困难,长期制约南黄海油气资源潜力评价研究.本文首先运用有限差分方法开展南黄海中、古生界海相地层地震波场反射特征模拟分析,认为中部隆起浅层存在强反射屏蔽层、多次波特别发育、深层有效反射能量弱是影响地震成像质量的主要原因.为了从采集环节提高原始数据质量,引进立体震源激发、双检波器接收、宽线采集和海底电缆等新技术,从震源端、接收端和观测系统几方面进行技术优化组合,联合发挥新采集技术的优势,使用立体震源拖缆宽线采集和海底电缆双检宽线采集技术在南黄海中部隆起分别开展采集方法试验,获得的新资料中、古生界地震反射信噪比和分辨率比以往的老资料更高,成像品质更好,表明新技术值得进一步推广应用.
It is believed that Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine carbonate sedimentary strata is widely distributed and has a great thickness in central uplift region of South Yellow Sea basin,so it bears enormous hydrocarbon potential. However,the quality of seismic data in central uplift is extremely weak,and S / N of Mesozoic-Paleozoic seismic data is rather low. Because of these disadvantages,it is very difficult to establish tectonic feature of residual basin in SYS and assess the petroleum exploration potential. The authors created a numerical model of Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine facies sedimentary stratum in SYS firstly,then analyzed seismic wave field reflection characteristics by using finite difference method. There are several reasons which reduced reflection imaging effect of seismic data,including strong shielding layer in shallow depth of central uplift,intense multiple energy,weak effective reflection energy from deep stratum,and so on. In order to improve quality of original data from seismic acquisition stage,a number of new techniques were introduced,such as tridimensional source,dual-sensor,wide line acquisition and ocean bottom cable. For developing superiorities of new technologies roundly,these seismic acquisition techniques were optimized and integrated from several aspects,refer to source,receiver and geometry. Then,wide line towed streamer with tridimensional source and wide line OBC with dual-sensor were tentatively applied at central uplift in SYS. The S / N and resolution of new seismic data in Mesozoic-Paleozoic stratum were much higher than old data,and result of seismic imaging was improved observably. So it 's very necessary to popularize and utilize these new techniques further.
It is believed that Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine carbonate sedimentary strata is widely distributed and has a great thickness in central uplift region of South Yellow Sea basin,so it bears enormous hydrocarbon potential. However,the quality of seismic data in central uplift is extremely weak,and S / N of Mesozoic-Paleozoic seismic data is rather low. Because of these disadvantages,it is very difficult to establish tectonic feature of residual basin in SYS and assess the petroleum exploration potential. The authors created a numerical model of Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine facies sedimentary stratum in SYS firstly,then analyzed seismic wave field reflection characteristics by using finite difference method. There are several reasons which reduced reflection imaging effect of seismic data,including strong shielding layer in shallow depth of central uplift,intense multiple energy,weak effective reflection energy from deep stratum,and so on. In order to improve quality of original data from seismic acquisition stage,a number of new techniques were introduced,such as tridimensional source,dual-sensor,wide line acquisition and ocean bottom cable. For developing superiorities of new technologies roundly,these seismic acquisition techniques were optimized and integrated from several aspects,refer to source,receiver and geometry. Then,wide line towed streamer with tridimensional source and wide line OBC with dual-sensor were tentatively applied at central uplift in SYS. The S / N and resolution of new seismic data in Mesozoic-Paleozoic stratum were much higher than old data,and result of seismic imaging was improved observably. So it 's very necessary to popularize and utilize these new techniques further.
引文
Chen M C,Liu Z D,LüQ T,et al.2015.Key techniques and method for deep seismic data acquisition in hard-rock environment[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(12):4544-4558,doi:10.6038/cjg20151217.
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Gao S L,Xu F.2014.OBC pseud wide line acquisition method for Paleozoic in shallow sea area[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),29(5):2382-2387,doi:10.6038/pg20140558.
Gao S L,Zhang M Q,Chen H.2014.A large-scale seismic source,deep gun and cable sinking and long cable pength application in Mesozoic-Paleozoic basin in the south Huanghai sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),34(1):95-101.
Hu F,Jiang D H,Zhou X H.2012.Study on the petroleum geologic conditions in Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Offshore Oil(in Chinese),32(2):9-15.
Huang S,Hao T Y,Xu Y,et al.2010.Study on macro distribution of residual basin of South Yellow Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(6):1344-1353,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.06.013.
Li G,Chen J W,Xiao G L,et al.2003.Petroleum prospect of marine Paleozoic in the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology Letters(in Chinese),19(8):12-16.
Li X X,Wang J H,Zhang J M,et al.2012.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration[J].Acat Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),33(S1):142-148.
Li X X,Wang J H,Zhang J M,et al.2013.Some seismic acquisition designs and key processing techniques and their testing effects in the deep water areas,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),25(6):8-14.
Lie,Semb P H.2009.A comparison of vintage hydrophone seismic and dual-sensor seismic offshore Cyprus[C].//SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting.Expanded Abstracts.
Liu G D.2002.Building the next great wall-the second round of oil&gas exploration of China[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),17(2):185-190,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.02.001.
Ma J T,Mrinal S K,Chen X H,et al.2011.OBC multiple attenuation technique using SRME theory[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(11):2960-2966,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.026.
Ouyang K,Zhang X H,Li G.2009.Characteristics of stratigraphic distribution in the middle uplift of South Yellow sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),29(1):59-66.
Ren L G,Zhang G D,Yang D K,et al.2015.Analysis and application of phase difference between velocity geophone and piezoelectric geophone[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(1):454-459,doi:10.6038/pg20150167.
Tang S H,Li B,Zhang Y B,et al.2013.Application of tridimensional delayed excitation air-gun array in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),29(5):64-70.
Tenghamn R,Vaage S,Borresen C.2007.A dual-sensor,towed marine streamer:Its viable implementation and initial results[C].//SEGTechnical Program Annual Meeting.Expanded Abstracts.
Wu Z Q,Wu S G,Tong S Y,et al.2011.A study on seismic acquisition basic on marine carbonate hydrocarbon exploration in the southern Yellow Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(4):1061-1070,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.021.
Wu Z Q,Xiao G L,Dong H P,et al.2012.A suggestion of marine tridimensional wide line seismic technique for exploration of marine carbonate reservoir in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),28(8):56-60.
Wu Z Q,Yan G J,Tong S Y,et al.2013.New advances in marine seismic data acquisition technology and enlightenment to domestic offshore petroleum seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),28(6):3056-3065,doi:10.6038/pg20130629.
Wu Z Q,Hao T Y,Zhang X H,et al.2015a.Contact relationships between the North China block and the Yangtze block:New constraints from upper/lower-source and long spread multi-channel seismic profiles[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(5):1692-1705,doi:10.6038/cjg20150520.
Wu Z Q,Liu L F,Xiao G L,et al.2015b.Progress and enlightenment of integrated geophysics exploration of marine residual basin in the South Yellow Sea[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(6):2945-2954,doi:10.6038/pg20150664.
Zhang C H,Qiao D W,Li S Z,et al.2011.Integration of oil and gas geophysical exploration technologies for geologically complex areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(2):374-387,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.014.
Zhang H Q,Chen J W,Li G,et al.2009.Discovery from seismic survey in Laoshan Uplift of the South Yellow Sea and the significance[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),29(3):107-113.
Zhang L,Wei Y,Gao S L,et al.2013.Analog analysis and exploration solution of seismic reflection characteristics of Mesozoic-Paleozoic in South Yellow Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),18(2):26-29.
Zhang X H,Yang J Y,Li G,et al.2014.Basement structure and distribution of Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine strata in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(12):4041-4051,doi:10.6038/cjg20141216.
Zhang Z B,Xuan Y H,Liu B,et al.2014.Joint imaging of dual-sensor and over-under streamer data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(5):884-891.
Zhou B,Gong X D,Gao M H,et al.2015.An improvement of the dualsensor summation technique for cross-ghosting from OBC and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),27(1):49-52,67.
蔡东升,冯晓杰,张川燕,等.2002.黄海海域盆地构造演化特征与中、古生界油气勘探前景探讨[J].海洋地质动态,18(11):23-24.
陈明春,刘振东,吕庆田,等.2015.结晶岩地区深地震数据采集关键技术与方法[J].地球物理学报,58(12):4544-4558,doi:10.6038/cjg20151217.
邓元军,杨志国,张建峰,等.2013.新的声波二次定位技术在海底电缆地震勘探的应用[J].地球物理学进展,28(5):2718-2724,doi:10.6038/pg20130555.
高顺莉,徐发.2014.浅海区古生界海底电缆拟宽线地震采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,29(5):2382-2387,doi:10.6038/pg20140558.
高顺莉,张敏强,陈华.2014.大震源长缆深沉放地震采集技术在南黄海中古生代盆地的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,34(1):95-101.
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李刚,陈建文,肖国林,等.2003.南黄海海域的海相中-古生界油气远景[J].海洋地质动态,19(8):12-16.
李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.2012.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用[J].石油学报,33(S1):142-148.
李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.2013.南海深水区地震资料采集设计和处理关键技术及其野外试验效果[J].中国海上油气,25(6):8-14.
刘光鼎.2002.雄关漫道真如铁---论中国油气二次创业[J].地球物理学进展,17(2):185-190,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.02.001.
马继涛,Mrinal S K,陈小宏,等.2011.海底电缆多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学报,54(11):2960-2966,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.026.
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张训华,杨金玉,李刚,等.2014.南黄海盆地基底及海相中、古生界地层分布特征[J].地球物理学报,57(12):4041-4051,doi:10.6038/cjg20141216.
张振波,轩义华,刘宾,等.2014.双检与上下缆地震数据联合成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(5):884-891.
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Deng Y J,Yang Z G,Zhang J F,et al.2013.A new acoustic secondary positioning in the OBC seismic prospecting[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),28(5):2718-2724,doi:10.6038/pg20130555.
Gao S L,Xu F.2014.OBC pseud wide line acquisition method for Paleozoic in shallow sea area[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),29(5):2382-2387,doi:10.6038/pg20140558.
Gao S L,Zhang M Q,Chen H.2014.A large-scale seismic source,deep gun and cable sinking and long cable pength application in Mesozoic-Paleozoic basin in the south Huanghai sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),34(1):95-101.
Hu F,Jiang D H,Zhou X H.2012.Study on the petroleum geologic conditions in Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Offshore Oil(in Chinese),32(2):9-15.
Huang S,Hao T Y,Xu Y,et al.2010.Study on macro distribution of residual basin of South Yellow Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(6):1344-1353,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.06.013.
Li G,Chen J W,Xiao G L,et al.2003.Petroleum prospect of marine Paleozoic in the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology Letters(in Chinese),19(8):12-16.
Li X X,Wang J H,Zhang J M,et al.2012.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration[J].Acat Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),33(S1):142-148.
Li X X,Wang J H,Zhang J M,et al.2013.Some seismic acquisition designs and key processing techniques and their testing effects in the deep water areas,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),25(6):8-14.
Lie,Semb P H.2009.A comparison of vintage hydrophone seismic and dual-sensor seismic offshore Cyprus[C].//SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting.Expanded Abstracts.
Liu G D.2002.Building the next great wall-the second round of oil&gas exploration of China[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),17(2):185-190,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.02.001.
Ma J T,Mrinal S K,Chen X H,et al.2011.OBC multiple attenuation technique using SRME theory[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(11):2960-2966,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.026.
Ouyang K,Zhang X H,Li G.2009.Characteristics of stratigraphic distribution in the middle uplift of South Yellow sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),29(1):59-66.
Ren L G,Zhang G D,Yang D K,et al.2015.Analysis and application of phase difference between velocity geophone and piezoelectric geophone[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(1):454-459,doi:10.6038/pg20150167.
Tang S H,Li B,Zhang Y B,et al.2013.Application of tridimensional delayed excitation air-gun array in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),29(5):64-70.
Tenghamn R,Vaage S,Borresen C.2007.A dual-sensor,towed marine streamer:Its viable implementation and initial results[C].//SEGTechnical Program Annual Meeting.Expanded Abstracts.
Wu Z Q,Wu S G,Tong S Y,et al.2011.A study on seismic acquisition basic on marine carbonate hydrocarbon exploration in the southern Yellow Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(4):1061-1070,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.04.021.
Wu Z Q,Xiao G L,Dong H P,et al.2012.A suggestion of marine tridimensional wide line seismic technique for exploration of marine carbonate reservoir in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),28(8):56-60.
Wu Z Q,Yan G J,Tong S Y,et al.2013.New advances in marine seismic data acquisition technology and enlightenment to domestic offshore petroleum seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),28(6):3056-3065,doi:10.6038/pg20130629.
Wu Z Q,Hao T Y,Zhang X H,et al.2015a.Contact relationships between the North China block and the Yangtze block:New constraints from upper/lower-source and long spread multi-channel seismic profiles[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(5):1692-1705,doi:10.6038/cjg20150520.
Wu Z Q,Liu L F,Xiao G L,et al.2015b.Progress and enlightenment of integrated geophysics exploration of marine residual basin in the South Yellow Sea[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(6):2945-2954,doi:10.6038/pg20150664.
Zhang C H,Qiao D W,Li S Z,et al.2011.Integration of oil and gas geophysical exploration technologies for geologically complex areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(2):374-387,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.014.
Zhang H Q,Chen J W,Li G,et al.2009.Discovery from seismic survey in Laoshan Uplift of the South Yellow Sea and the significance[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),29(3):107-113.
Zhang L,Wei Y,Gao S L,et al.2013.Analog analysis and exploration solution of seismic reflection characteristics of Mesozoic-Paleozoic in South Yellow Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),18(2):26-29.
Zhang X H,Yang J Y,Li G,et al.2014.Basement structure and distribution of Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine strata in the South Yellow Sea basin[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(12):4041-4051,doi:10.6038/cjg20141216.
Zhang Z B,Xuan Y H,Liu B,et al.2014.Joint imaging of dual-sensor and over-under streamer data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(5):884-891.
Zhou B,Gong X D,Gao M H,et al.2015.An improvement of the dualsensor summation technique for cross-ghosting from OBC and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),27(1):49-52,67.
蔡东升,冯晓杰,张川燕,等.2002.黄海海域盆地构造演化特征与中、古生界油气勘探前景探讨[J].海洋地质动态,18(11):23-24.
陈明春,刘振东,吕庆田,等.2015.结晶岩地区深地震数据采集关键技术与方法[J].地球物理学报,58(12):4544-4558,doi:10.6038/cjg20151217.
邓元军,杨志国,张建峰,等.2013.新的声波二次定位技术在海底电缆地震勘探的应用[J].地球物理学进展,28(5):2718-2724,doi:10.6038/pg20130555.
高顺莉,徐发.2014.浅海区古生界海底电缆拟宽线地震采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,29(5):2382-2387,doi:10.6038/pg20140558.
高顺莉,张敏强,陈华.2014.大震源长缆深沉放地震采集技术在南黄海中古生代盆地的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,34(1):95-101.
胡芬,江东辉,周兴海.2012.南黄海盆地中、古生界油气地质条件研究[J].海洋石油,32(2):9-15.
黄松,郝天珧,徐亚,等.2010.南黄海残留盆地宏观分布特征研究[J].地球物理学报,53(6):1344-1353,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.06.013.
李刚,陈建文,肖国林,等.2003.南黄海海域的海相中-古生界油气远景[J].海洋地质动态,19(8):12-16.
李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.2012.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用[J].石油学报,33(S1):142-148.
李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.2013.南海深水区地震资料采集设计和处理关键技术及其野外试验效果[J].中国海上油气,25(6):8-14.
刘光鼎.2002.雄关漫道真如铁---论中国油气二次创业[J].地球物理学进展,17(2):185-190,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.02.001.
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