基于Ecopath模型的大亚湾黑鲷生态容量评估
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摘要
为评估大亚湾黑鲷(Sparusmacrocephalus)的生态容量,根据2015年渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,利用Ecopathwith Ecosim6.5(EwE)软件构建了由26个功能组组成的大亚湾Ecopath模型,分析了大亚湾生态系统的基本特征,并结合食物网结构和能量流动估算了黑鲷的增殖生态容量。结果显示,黑鲷营养级为3.44,营养转化效率为0.302;大亚湾生态系统各功能组的营养级在1～3.95之间,系统总转化效率为7.636%,总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.142,系统连接指数为0.364,系统杂食性指数为0.210,表明系统各营养级转化效率较低,能量未被充分利用;系统总转化效率低于10%,营养级I、II流向碎屑量占总流向碎屑量的98.11%,说明能量传递发生阻塞,具有增殖空间。经估算黑鲷生态容量为0.034 t/km2,是现存生物量的1.4倍,此时其他浮游生物食性鱼类的转化效率等于1,系统处于平衡状态;达到生态容量前后大亚湾生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量变化很小(变化值为0.001),系统杂食性指数和系统连接指数均没有变化,因此认为放流黑鲷至生态容量对大亚湾生态系统的稳定性和营养结构未产生影响。
To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus in Daya Bay, we constructed an ecopath model comprised of 26 functional groups of Daya Bay. The model was based on the survey data of fishery resources and the ecological environment of Daya Bay in 2015 using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5(EwE). The general characteristics of the Daya Bay ecosystem were analyzed, and the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus was predicted combining food web structure and energy flow. The results indicated that the trophic level of Sparus macrocephalus was 3.44 and its ecotrophic efficiency was 0.302. Trophic levels of the functional groups varied from 1 to 3.95. Total transfer efficiency was 7.636% and the ratio of total primary production to total respiration was 2.142. Connectance index and system omnivory index were 0.364 and 0.210, respectively. The results implied that each trophic level transfer efficiency was low, and the energy was not fully taken advantage of. Energy flow to detritus of trophic level I and II was 98.11% of that to total detritus, signifying that energy transfer was hindered and that the system has a potential for continuous enhancement. Ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus was evaluated to be 0.034 t/km~2, 1.4 times the amount of biomass at present. Meanwhile, the ecotrophic efficiency of other planktivorous fishes equaled 1.000, suggesting that the ecosystem was balanced. When reaching the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus, the ratio of total primary production to total respiration changed marginally(variation value is 0.001), while system omnivory index and system connectance index were unchanged. Thus, the stability and structure of the ecosystem of Daya Bay was not altered significantly.
To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus in Daya Bay, we constructed an ecopath model comprised of 26 functional groups of Daya Bay. The model was based on the survey data of fishery resources and the ecological environment of Daya Bay in 2015 using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5(EwE). The general characteristics of the Daya Bay ecosystem were analyzed, and the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus was predicted combining food web structure and energy flow. The results indicated that the trophic level of Sparus macrocephalus was 3.44 and its ecotrophic efficiency was 0.302. Trophic levels of the functional groups varied from 1 to 3.95. Total transfer efficiency was 7.636% and the ratio of total primary production to total respiration was 2.142. Connectance index and system omnivory index were 0.364 and 0.210, respectively. The results implied that each trophic level transfer efficiency was low, and the energy was not fully taken advantage of. Energy flow to detritus of trophic level I and II was 98.11% of that to total detritus, signifying that energy transfer was hindered and that the system has a potential for continuous enhancement. Ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus was evaluated to be 0.034 t/km~2, 1.4 times the amount of biomass at present. Meanwhile, the ecotrophic efficiency of other planktivorous fishes equaled 1.000, suggesting that the ecosystem was balanced. When reaching the ecological carrying capacity of Sparus macrocephalus, the ratio of total primary production to total respiration changed marginally(variation value is 0.001), while system omnivory index and system connectance index were unchanged. Thus, the stability and structure of the ecosystem of Daya Bay was not altered significantly.
引文
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