海底大地测量控制网研究进展综述
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摘要
高精度的海底大地测量控制网是数字海洋和水下网络中心战的基础设施之一,而现阶段我国海底控制网的建设和研究几乎为空白。为自主建立我国高精度的海底大地测量控制网,本文借鉴发达国家的经验,结合国外海底控制网的发展与研究现状,系统介绍了GNSS/Acoustic系统的组成及发展;详细梳理了数据处理中的关键技术,分析了影响海底控制点精度的因素和控制点定位精度;结合我国现状,建议加紧开展我国海底控制网的建设与研究。
The high-precision seafloor geodetic control network is one of the infrastructures of digital ocean and underwater network centric warfare. However,the construction and research of seafloor control network at present is almost blank in China. To autonomously establish high-precision seafloor geodetic control network,this paper draws on the experience of the developed countries. Firstly,the development and current situation of the foreign seafloor control network are combined,and the composition and development of GNSS/Acoustic system are introduced systematically.Then the key technologies of data processing are studied in detail,the factors that affect the positioning accuracy of seafloor control point and its positioning accuracy are analyzed. Finally,taking the present situation in our country into account,immediate steps should be taken to speed up the construction and research of the seafloor control network.
The high-precision seafloor geodetic control network is one of the infrastructures of digital ocean and underwater network centric warfare. However,the construction and research of seafloor control network at present is almost blank in China. To autonomously establish high-precision seafloor geodetic control network,this paper draws on the experience of the developed countries. Firstly,the development and current situation of the foreign seafloor control network are combined,and the composition and development of GNSS/Acoustic system are introduced systematically.Then the key technologies of data processing are studied in detail,the factors that affect the positioning accuracy of seafloor control point and its positioning accuracy are analyzed. Finally,taking the present situation in our country into account,immediate steps should be taken to speed up the construction and research of the seafloor control network.
引文
[1]杨元喜,徐天河,薛树强.我国海洋大地测量基准与海洋导航技术研究进展与展望[J].测绘学报,2017,46(1):1-8.
[2]SHIMAMURA H,KANAZAWA T.Ocean Bottom Tiltmeter with Acoustic Data Retrieval System Implanted by a Submersible[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1988,9(3):237-254.
[3]YAMADA T,ANDO M,TADOKORO K,et al.Error Evaluation in Acoustic Positioning of a Single Transponder for Seafloor Crustal Deformation Measurements[J].Earth Planets and Space,2002,54(9):871-881.
[4]BALLU V,BOUIN M N,CALMANT S,et al.Absolute Seafloor Vertical Positioning Using Combined Pressure Gauge and Kinematic GPS Data[J].Journal of Geodesy,2010,84(1):65-77.
[5]MIKHAILOV V,TIKHOTSKY S,DIAMENT M,et al.Can Tectonic Processes be Recovered from New Gravity Satellite Data?[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2004,228(3-4):281-297.
[6]CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D,et al.GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(13):173-180.
[7]SPIESS F N.Analysis of a Possible Sea Floor Strain Measurement System[J].Marine Geodesy,1985,9(4):385-398.
[8]GAGNON K,CHADWELL C D,NORABUENA E.Measuring the Onset of Locking in the Peru-Chile Trench with GPS and Acoustic Measurements[J].Nature,2005,434(7030):205.
[9]NISHIMURA T,SATO M,SAGIYA T.Global Positioning System(GPS)and GPS-Acoustic Observations:Insight into Slip along the Subduction Zones around Japan[J].Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,2014,42(1):653-674.
[10]KIDO M,FUJIMOTO H,MIURA S,et al.Seafloor Displacement at Kumano-nada Caused by the 2004 Off Kii Peninsula Earthquakes,Detected through Repeated GPS/Acoustic Surveys[J].Earth Plans and Space,2006,58(7):911-915.
[11]MATSUMOTO Y,FUJITA M,ISHIKAWA T,et al.Undersea Co-seismic Crustal Movements Associated with the 2005 Off Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake Detected by GPS/acoustic Seafloor Geodetic Observation[J].Earth Planets and Space,2006,58(12):1573-1576.
[12]WATANABE S I,ISHIKAWA T,YOKOTA Y.Non-volcanic Crustal Movements of the Northernmost Philippine Sea Plate Detected by the GPS-acoustic Seafloor Positioning[J].Earth Planets and Space,2015,67(1):184.
[13]ROCKEN C,KELECY T M,BORN G H,et al.Measuring Precise Sea Level from a Buoy Using the Global Positioning System[J].Geophysical Research Letlers,1990,17(12):2145-2148.
[14]PURCELL Jr G H,YOUNG L E,WOLF S K,et al.Accurate GPS Measurement of the Location and Orientation of a Floating Platform[J].Marine Geodesy,1990,14(3-4):225-264.
[15]SPIESS F N,CHADWELL C D,HILDEBRAND J A,et al.Precise GPS/Acoustic Positioning of Seafloor Reference Points for Tectonic Studies[J].Physics of the Earth&Planetary Interiors,1998,108(2):101-112.
[16]CHADWELL C D,SPIESS F N,HILDEBRAND J A,et al.Deep-sea Geodesy:Monitoring the Ocean Floor[J].GPS World,1998,9(9):45-55.
[17]CHADWELL C D.Shipboard Towers for Global Positioning System Antennas[J].Ocean Engineering,2003,30(12):1467-1487.
[18]SPIESS F N,BOEGEMAN D E,PAVLICEK F V,et al.Precision Transponder and Method of Communicating Therewith:US,US4214314[P].1980-08-07.
[19]NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL(US).Panel on Ocean Bottom Positioning.Seafloor Referenced Positioning:Needs and Opportunities[M].Washington D.C.:National Academies Press,1983.
[20]OBANA K,KATAO H,ANDO M.Seafloor Positioning System with GPS-acoustic Link for Crustal Dynamics Observation——A Preliminary Result from Experiments in the Sea[J].Earth Planets and Space,2000,52(6):415-423.
[21]TADOKORO K,ANDO M,SATO K,et al.Development of an Observation System for Ocean Bottom Crustal Deformation Using an Acoustic Ranging-GPS Link[J].Journal of Geography,2009,110:521-528.
[22]ASADA A,YABUKI T.Centimeter-level Positioning on the Seafloor[J].Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2001,77(1):7-12.
[23]SATO M,FUJITA M,MATSUMOTO Y,et al.Improvement of GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Positioning Precision through Controlling the Ship’s Track Line[J].Journal of Geodesy,2013,87(9):825-842.
[24]HAN S.Carrier Phase-based Long-range GPS Kinematic Positioning[M].[S.l.]:University of New South Wales,1997.
[25]ZOU X,GE M,TANG W,et al.URTK:Undifferenced Network RTK Positioning[J].GPS Solutions,2013,17(3):283-293.
[26]GENG J,TEFERLE F N,MENG X,et al.Kinematic Precise Point Positioning at Remote Marine Platforms[J].GPS Solutions,2010,14(4):343-350.
[27]GROSSO V A D.New Equation for the Speed of Sound in Natural Waters(with Comparisons to Other Equations)[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1974,56(4):1084-1091.
[28]MACKENZIE K V.Nine-term Equation for Sound Speed in the Oceans[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1981,70(3):807-812.
[29]JACKSON D D.The Use of a Priori Data to Resolve Non-uniqueness in Linear Inversion[J].Geophysical Journal International,1979,57(1):137-157.
[30]FUJITA M,ISHIKAWA T,MOCHIZUKI M,et al.GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Geodetic Observation:Method of Data Analysis and Its Application[J].Earth Planets and Space,2006,58(3):265-275.
[31]OSADA Y,FUJIMOTO H,MIURA S,et al.Estimation and Correction for the Effect of Sound Velocity Variation on GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Positioning:An Experiment off Hawaii Island[J].Earth Planets and Space,2003,55(10):17-20.
[32]吕志平,魏子卿,李军,等.我国CGCS2000高精度坐标转换格网模型的建立[J].测绘学报,2013,42(6):791:797.
[33]陈俊勇,杨元喜,王敏,等.2000国家大地控制网的构建和它的技术进步[J].测绘学报,2007,36(1):1-8.
[34]刘焱雄,彭琳,吴永亭,等.超短基线水声定位系统校准方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2006,31(7):610-612.
[35]863计划“水下GPS高精度定位系统”课题组.我国首套水下GPS高精度定位导航系统简介[J].中国水利,2004(3):52-53.
[36]吴永亭,周兴华,杨龙.水下声学定位系统及其应用[J].海洋测绘,2003,23(4):18-21.
[37]宁津生,吴永亭,孙大军.长基线声学定位系统发展现状及其应用[J].海洋测绘,2014,34(1):72-75.
[38]蔡艳辉.差分GPS水下定位系统集成关键技术研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2007.
[2]SHIMAMURA H,KANAZAWA T.Ocean Bottom Tiltmeter with Acoustic Data Retrieval System Implanted by a Submersible[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1988,9(3):237-254.
[3]YAMADA T,ANDO M,TADOKORO K,et al.Error Evaluation in Acoustic Positioning of a Single Transponder for Seafloor Crustal Deformation Measurements[J].Earth Planets and Space,2002,54(9):871-881.
[4]BALLU V,BOUIN M N,CALMANT S,et al.Absolute Seafloor Vertical Positioning Using Combined Pressure Gauge and Kinematic GPS Data[J].Journal of Geodesy,2010,84(1):65-77.
[5]MIKHAILOV V,TIKHOTSKY S,DIAMENT M,et al.Can Tectonic Processes be Recovered from New Gravity Satellite Data?[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2004,228(3-4):281-297.
[6]CHEN J L,WILSON C R,TAPLEY B D,et al.GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(13):173-180.
[7]SPIESS F N.Analysis of a Possible Sea Floor Strain Measurement System[J].Marine Geodesy,1985,9(4):385-398.
[8]GAGNON K,CHADWELL C D,NORABUENA E.Measuring the Onset of Locking in the Peru-Chile Trench with GPS and Acoustic Measurements[J].Nature,2005,434(7030):205.
[9]NISHIMURA T,SATO M,SAGIYA T.Global Positioning System(GPS)and GPS-Acoustic Observations:Insight into Slip along the Subduction Zones around Japan[J].Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,2014,42(1):653-674.
[10]KIDO M,FUJIMOTO H,MIURA S,et al.Seafloor Displacement at Kumano-nada Caused by the 2004 Off Kii Peninsula Earthquakes,Detected through Repeated GPS/Acoustic Surveys[J].Earth Plans and Space,2006,58(7):911-915.
[11]MATSUMOTO Y,FUJITA M,ISHIKAWA T,et al.Undersea Co-seismic Crustal Movements Associated with the 2005 Off Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake Detected by GPS/acoustic Seafloor Geodetic Observation[J].Earth Planets and Space,2006,58(12):1573-1576.
[12]WATANABE S I,ISHIKAWA T,YOKOTA Y.Non-volcanic Crustal Movements of the Northernmost Philippine Sea Plate Detected by the GPS-acoustic Seafloor Positioning[J].Earth Planets and Space,2015,67(1):184.
[13]ROCKEN C,KELECY T M,BORN G H,et al.Measuring Precise Sea Level from a Buoy Using the Global Positioning System[J].Geophysical Research Letlers,1990,17(12):2145-2148.
[14]PURCELL Jr G H,YOUNG L E,WOLF S K,et al.Accurate GPS Measurement of the Location and Orientation of a Floating Platform[J].Marine Geodesy,1990,14(3-4):225-264.
[15]SPIESS F N,CHADWELL C D,HILDEBRAND J A,et al.Precise GPS/Acoustic Positioning of Seafloor Reference Points for Tectonic Studies[J].Physics of the Earth&Planetary Interiors,1998,108(2):101-112.
[16]CHADWELL C D,SPIESS F N,HILDEBRAND J A,et al.Deep-sea Geodesy:Monitoring the Ocean Floor[J].GPS World,1998,9(9):45-55.
[17]CHADWELL C D.Shipboard Towers for Global Positioning System Antennas[J].Ocean Engineering,2003,30(12):1467-1487.
[18]SPIESS F N,BOEGEMAN D E,PAVLICEK F V,et al.Precision Transponder and Method of Communicating Therewith:US,US4214314[P].1980-08-07.
[19]NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL(US).Panel on Ocean Bottom Positioning.Seafloor Referenced Positioning:Needs and Opportunities[M].Washington D.C.:National Academies Press,1983.
[20]OBANA K,KATAO H,ANDO M.Seafloor Positioning System with GPS-acoustic Link for Crustal Dynamics Observation——A Preliminary Result from Experiments in the Sea[J].Earth Planets and Space,2000,52(6):415-423.
[21]TADOKORO K,ANDO M,SATO K,et al.Development of an Observation System for Ocean Bottom Crustal Deformation Using an Acoustic Ranging-GPS Link[J].Journal of Geography,2009,110:521-528.
[22]ASADA A,YABUKI T.Centimeter-level Positioning on the Seafloor[J].Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2001,77(1):7-12.
[23]SATO M,FUJITA M,MATSUMOTO Y,et al.Improvement of GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Positioning Precision through Controlling the Ship’s Track Line[J].Journal of Geodesy,2013,87(9):825-842.
[24]HAN S.Carrier Phase-based Long-range GPS Kinematic Positioning[M].[S.l.]:University of New South Wales,1997.
[25]ZOU X,GE M,TANG W,et al.URTK:Undifferenced Network RTK Positioning[J].GPS Solutions,2013,17(3):283-293.
[26]GENG J,TEFERLE F N,MENG X,et al.Kinematic Precise Point Positioning at Remote Marine Platforms[J].GPS Solutions,2010,14(4):343-350.
[27]GROSSO V A D.New Equation for the Speed of Sound in Natural Waters(with Comparisons to Other Equations)[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1974,56(4):1084-1091.
[28]MACKENZIE K V.Nine-term Equation for Sound Speed in the Oceans[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1981,70(3):807-812.
[29]JACKSON D D.The Use of a Priori Data to Resolve Non-uniqueness in Linear Inversion[J].Geophysical Journal International,1979,57(1):137-157.
[30]FUJITA M,ISHIKAWA T,MOCHIZUKI M,et al.GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Geodetic Observation:Method of Data Analysis and Its Application[J].Earth Planets and Space,2006,58(3):265-275.
[31]OSADA Y,FUJIMOTO H,MIURA S,et al.Estimation and Correction for the Effect of Sound Velocity Variation on GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Positioning:An Experiment off Hawaii Island[J].Earth Planets and Space,2003,55(10):17-20.
[32]吕志平,魏子卿,李军,等.我国CGCS2000高精度坐标转换格网模型的建立[J].测绘学报,2013,42(6):791:797.
[33]陈俊勇,杨元喜,王敏,等.2000国家大地控制网的构建和它的技术进步[J].测绘学报,2007,36(1):1-8.
[34]刘焱雄,彭琳,吴永亭,等.超短基线水声定位系统校准方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2006,31(7):610-612.
[35]863计划“水下GPS高精度定位系统”课题组.我国首套水下GPS高精度定位导航系统简介[J].中国水利,2004(3):52-53.
[36]吴永亭,周兴华,杨龙.水下声学定位系统及其应用[J].海洋测绘,2003,23(4):18-21.
[37]宁津生,吴永亭,孙大军.长基线声学定位系统发展现状及其应用[J].海洋测绘,2014,34(1):72-75.
[38]蔡艳辉.差分GPS水下定位系统集成关键技术研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2007.