降低深孔台阶爆破大块率的试验研究
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摘要
深孔台阶爆破是当前国内外露天矿山开采过程中重要的生产环节,降低深孔台阶爆破的大块率是控制矿山生产成本的关键一步。结合新疆别斯库都克露天煤矿台阶爆破的生产实践,考虑矿山生产实际需求及施工条件,针对台阶顶部存在凸出的"垛子"、台阶坡面呈现伞状或大脚状的问题,提出使用深孔、浅孔联合布孔的方式降低大块率;对于软弱夹层或较大裂隙岩体,以及沙漏状台阶坡面,通过改善装药结构,采用间隔装药方式,提高炸药爆炸能量的利用效率,从而减少大块的产生。现场实践表明:采用深孔、浅孔联合布置的方式,同时改善装药结构,能有效的降低大块率,减少爆破大块的产生。
Deep holes bench blasting is an important production process in open-pit mines at home and abroad,which is a key step to control the production cost of mines by reducing the bulk rate of deep-hole bench blasting.Based on the production practice of bench blasting in Beskudouk opencast coal mine in Xinjiang,considering the actual production demand and construction conditions of the mine,aiming at the problem of the protruding " stacking" at the top of the steps,the slope of the steps appears the shape of umbrellas or feet. For weak intercalation or large fissured rock mass,as well as hourglass stepped slope,through improving the charging structure with interval charge,the bulk rate by deep hole and shallow hole combined with hole arrangement are reduced. For the weak intercalation,Improving the efficiency of explosive energy reduces the production of large blocks greatly. The field practice shows that the combination arrangement of deep hole and shallow hole and the improvement of charge structure can effectively reduce the boulder rate and the production of blasting boulder.
Deep holes bench blasting is an important production process in open-pit mines at home and abroad,which is a key step to control the production cost of mines by reducing the bulk rate of deep-hole bench blasting.Based on the production practice of bench blasting in Beskudouk opencast coal mine in Xinjiang,considering the actual production demand and construction conditions of the mine,aiming at the problem of the protruding " stacking" at the top of the steps,the slope of the steps appears the shape of umbrellas or feet. For weak intercalation or large fissured rock mass,as well as hourglass stepped slope,through improving the charging structure with interval charge,the bulk rate by deep hole and shallow hole combined with hole arrangement are reduced. For the weak intercalation,Improving the efficiency of explosive energy reduces the production of large blocks greatly. The field practice shows that the combination arrangement of deep hole and shallow hole and the improvement of charge structure can effectively reduce the boulder rate and the production of blasting boulder.
引文
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[2]覃晓梅.中深孔与浅孔联合控制爆破技术的应用[J].重庆建筑与施工技术,2006(6):65-67.TAN Xiao-mei. Application of the blasting technique about medium bore and post hole joint control[J].Chong Qing Architecture,2006(6):65-67.(in Chinese)
[3]汪旭光.郑丙旭.张正忠,等爆破手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010.
[4]采矿设计手册编委会.采矿设计手册(矿床开采卷)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[5]张树伟,董秀艳.降低中深孔爆破大块根底的实践[J].中国矿山工程,2009,38(3):21-24.ZHANG Shu-wei,DONG Xiu-yan. Practice of reducing the large Base of medium and long Hole blasting[J]. China Mine Engineering,2009,38(3):21-24.(in Chinses)
[6]赵强,张建华,李星,等.降低中深孔爆破大块率的技术措施[J].爆破,2011,28(4):50-56.ZHAO Qiang,ZHANG Jian-hua,LI Xing,et al. Technical measures to reduce the boulder rate of medium and long hole blasting[J]. Blasting,2011,28(4):50-56.(in Chinese)
[7]沈兴玉,崔光峰,任昌胜,等.露天爆破大块率高及根底产生的原因及降低措施[J].现代矿业,2010,26(7):96-97.SHEN Xing-yu,CUI Guang-feng,REN Chang-sheng,et al. Causes and reduction measures of high boulder rate and bottom formation in open air blasting[J]. Modern Mining Industry,2010,26(7):96-97.(in Chinses)
[8]于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[9]谭卓英,张建国.露天深孔爆破大块率与爆破参数之间的关系研究[J].爆破,1999,16(4):15-20.TAN Zhuo-ying,ZHANG Jian-guo. Study on the relationship between the boulder rate and blasting parameters in open-pit deep-hole blasting[J]. Blasting,1999,16(4):15-20.(in Chinese)
[10]张德明,张志旭,王建华.中深孔和浅孔相结合的爆破技术在永久边坡开挖中的应用[J].爆破,2008,25(1):34-35,55.ZHANG De-ming,ZHANG Zhi-xu,WANG Jian-hua. Application of combined blasting technique of medium deep hole and shallow hole in excavation of permanent slope[J]. Blasting,2008,25(1):34-35,55.(in Chinses)