三维地震波法超前地质预报在引汉济渭工程TBM施工中的应用
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摘要
秦岭隧洞横穿秦岭底部,工程地质条件极其复杂多变,具有大埋深、高应力、高水压、大流量的突出特点,修建过程将会遇到大塌方、岩爆、突涌水、大埋深条件下的软弱围岩大变形等多种特殊地质问题,准确预报施工前方的不良地质体,采取有效的防治对策,对保证工程的顺利实施及施工人员、设备的安全至关重要。TBM因其空间狭窄、设备仪器耐用性差、电磁干扰等因素限制,常规的超前地质预报方法无法适用于其施工段的地质预报工作,在引汉济渭工程隧洞工程中引入三维地震波法进行了两次探索与尝试。研究结果表明,三维地震波法对隧洞前方不良地质体预报预测有较好的正相关响应,是适用于TBM施工的超前地质预报的高效手段之一。该技术在引汉济渭工程秦岭隧道TBM岭北施工段掘进中预报了前方地质信息、动态评价围岩质量,尤其为K51+597.6位置TBM卡机脱困方案的制定及时准确地提供了前方地质情况,对TBM施工段的超前地质预报具一定参考价值。
As crossing the base of Qinling Mountain,the engineering geological condition for Qinling Tunnel is quite complicated and variable with the prominent characteristics of large buried depth,high stress,high water pressure,large flow rate,etc.,for which several special geological problems such as large collapse,ruck burst,sudden water burst,large deformation of soft rock under large buried depth,etc. are to be encountered during the construction,thus it is quite important to accurately forecast the poor geological bodies in front of the working face and adopt effective prevention and control countermeasures to ensure the smooth implementation of the project and the safeties of both the construction workers and equipment. Under the limitation factors of TBM,i. e. narrow space,well-equipped instruments,eletromagnetic interference,etc.,the conventional method of the advanced geological forecast cannot be adaptable for the geological forecast in its construction section,and then the 3-D seismic wave method is introduced in the construction of the tunnel for Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project for two times of exploration and experiment. The study result shows that the 3-D seismic wave method has a better positively correlated response for the forecast of the poor geological bodies in front of the working face of the tunnel,and then is one of the efficient means suitable for the advance geological forecast for TBM construction. During the tunneling of the TBM construction section of the North Qinling Mountain for Qinling Tunnel of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project,the technology provides the geological information ahead of the working face and the dynamic evaluation of the surrounding rock quality,especially provides the accurate advanced geological information for making the jam-releasing solution for the TBM jammed at the location of K51 + 597. 6 in time,thus has certain reference value for the advanced geological forecast of TBM construction section.
As crossing the base of Qinling Mountain,the engineering geological condition for Qinling Tunnel is quite complicated and variable with the prominent characteristics of large buried depth,high stress,high water pressure,large flow rate,etc.,for which several special geological problems such as large collapse,ruck burst,sudden water burst,large deformation of soft rock under large buried depth,etc. are to be encountered during the construction,thus it is quite important to accurately forecast the poor geological bodies in front of the working face and adopt effective prevention and control countermeasures to ensure the smooth implementation of the project and the safeties of both the construction workers and equipment. Under the limitation factors of TBM,i. e. narrow space,well-equipped instruments,eletromagnetic interference,etc.,the conventional method of the advanced geological forecast cannot be adaptable for the geological forecast in its construction section,and then the 3-D seismic wave method is introduced in the construction of the tunnel for Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project for two times of exploration and experiment. The study result shows that the 3-D seismic wave method has a better positively correlated response for the forecast of the poor geological bodies in front of the working face of the tunnel,and then is one of the efficient means suitable for the advance geological forecast for TBM construction. During the tunneling of the TBM construction section of the North Qinling Mountain for Qinling Tunnel of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project,the technology provides the geological information ahead of the working face and the dynamic evaluation of the surrounding rock quality,especially provides the accurate advanced geological information for making the jam-releasing solution for the TBM jammed at the location of K51 + 597. 6 in time,thus has certain reference value for the advanced geological forecast of TBM construction section.
引文
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[2]李术才,刘斌,孙怀凤,等.隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1090-1113.
[3]OTTO R,BUTTON E,BRETTEREBNER H,et al.The application of TRT—Ture Reflection Tomogaphy—at the unterwald tunnel[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51-56.
[4]刘兆勇,杨威,王羿磊.TRT地震波三维成像技术在隧道施工地质超前预报中的应用[J].城市勘测,2016(5):167-170.
[5]张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]郭如军,丁建芳,廖烟开.综合预报技术在隧洞岩溶探测预报中的应用研究[J].现代隧洞技术,2013,50(5):158-163.
[7]李立民.引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞主要工程地质问题分析研究[J].铁道建筑,2013(4):68-70.
[8]钱七虎.地下工程建设安全面临的挑战与对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1945-1956.
[9]孙怀凤.隧洞含水构造三维瞬变电磁场响应特征及突水灾害源预报研究[D].济南:山东大学,2013.
[10]洪庆仁,吴勇,卓勇,等.综合超前地质预报在大秦岭隧道中的应用[J].人民长江,2017,48(7):56-59.
[11]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):345-347.