美国州立大学治理结构及其对我国新型大学治理的启示
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摘要
我国的"新型大学"与美国州立大学有许多共通和共同之处,不仅都是主要由地方政府出资建设的公立大学,还有共同的"服务"特点,以服务地方经济社会发展为使命。美国州立大学治理结构对于研究我国"新型大学"自治与政府干预的权力边际以及"新型大学"内部治理模式具有较强的借鉴意义。美国州立大学的治理结构自下而上分为院系治理、校级治理、州级协调机构治理和政府治理。借鉴联邦政府宏观引导、州政府统筹协调、大学自主办学、社会团体广泛参与的美国州立大学治理体制,我国新型大学应共同治理、分权制衡,完善大学内部权力制约机制;改变政府治理大学的模式,实现大学自治和政府调控的有机结合;鼓励第三部门参与大学治理,提高大学治理的质量与效率。
American state universities and Chinese new universities are universal and common in many parts. Both of them are mainly funded by the local government,and also are serving for the local economic and social development as the mission. American state universities' governance structure has significant references for studying the new universities autonomy and the power of the government intervention in the marginal and new universities' internal governance model. American state universities' governance structure is divided into the governance of department colleges,university,state coordination and the government governance. American state universities implement the governance system with the macro guidance of federal government,coordination of state government,university independent schooling and extensive participation from the society. Borrowing the experience of American state universities' governance,the new universities in China should take the co-governance,separation of powers and improve the university internal power restriction mechanism; the government governance mode should be changed,to achieve the combination of university autonomy and government regulations; and the third sector should be encouraged to participate in university governance,to improve the quality and efficiency of the university governance.
American state universities and Chinese new universities are universal and common in many parts. Both of them are mainly funded by the local government,and also are serving for the local economic and social development as the mission. American state universities' governance structure has significant references for studying the new universities autonomy and the power of the government intervention in the marginal and new universities' internal governance model. American state universities' governance structure is divided into the governance of department colleges,university,state coordination and the government governance. American state universities implement the governance system with the macro guidance of federal government,coordination of state government,university independent schooling and extensive participation from the society. Borrowing the experience of American state universities' governance,the new universities in China should take the co-governance,separation of powers and improve the university internal power restriction mechanism; the government governance mode should be changed,to achieve the combination of university autonomy and government regulations; and the third sector should be encouraged to participate in university governance,to improve the quality and efficiency of the university governance.
引文
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[15]KERR C.The great transformation in higher education:1960-1980[M].Albany:University of New York Press,1991:207.
[2]柳友荣.中国“新大学”:概念、延承与发展[J].教育研究,2016(11):75-80.
[3]黄宇红.美国州立大学的发展历程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2013.
[4]约翰·范德格拉夫.学术权力——七国高等教育管理体制比较[M].王承绪,等译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001:113-125.
[5]欧阳光华.董事、校长与教授:美国大学治理结构研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[6]蒋洪池.21世纪美国大学治理面临的挑战及其对中国的启示[J].比较教育研究,2006(1):5-11.
[7]BRUBACHER J S,RUDY W.Higher education in transition:a history of American colleges and universities[M].New Brunswick:Transaction Publishers,1997:365-366.
[8]张松,刘志明.美国加州大学学术评议会的发展历程、组织构架与运行特点[J].高教探索,2015(11):53-58.
[9]MCGUINNESS A C.State postsecondary education structures handbook,1998[M].Denver:The Education Commission of the Stats,1998:3-4.
[10]杨文明.美国州政府对州立大学治理模式的实证研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015.
[11]樊明成,管弦.美国联邦政府调控高等教育的途径及其借鉴[J].教育科学,2005(3):56-58.
[12]史雯婷.从高等教育的社会治理看第三部门的发展[J].江苏高教,2004(3):52-55.
[13]刘光明.教授治院:中国大学行政权力与学术权力边界设置的原点[J].重庆高教研究,2015(2):39-42.
[14]丁晓昌.提升省域高等教育治理能力的路径选择[J].中国高教研究,2014(12):8-13.
[15]KERR C.The great transformation in higher education:1960-1980[M].Albany:University of New York Press,1991:207.