关于国内外大容积钢质无缝气瓶标准的对比分析
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摘要
美国的DOT规范(3AAX、3T和特殊许可SP8009)、国际标准ISO 11120,以及新颁布的中国国家标准GB/T 33145是三个重要的大容积钢质无缝气瓶的标准,分别代表了美国、欧洲、中国大容积钢质无缝气瓶的设计理念以及对气瓶制造、检验的要求。对三个标准在适用范围、材料、设计、检验和试验、安全泄放装置等方面做了对比分析,阐述了它们之间的相互联系和异同点,介绍了大容积气瓶标准的最新进展。对国标GB/T 33145中值得商榷的两个问题进行了讨论。
The three well known standards of large capacity seamless steel gas cylinders are DOT Code(3 AAX, 3 T and Special Permission 8009), ISO 11120 and the recently published national standard GB/T 33145, which represent the design theory and requirements of manufacture and inspection of USA, Europe and China. Comparative analysis is made among these standards on the aspects of scope, authorized steel, design, inspection and test, safety relief device, so as to illustrate the correlations and differences between them as well as the latest development.Discussion is also made on two points of the national standard GB/T 33145.
The three well known standards of large capacity seamless steel gas cylinders are DOT Code(3 AAX, 3 T and Special Permission 8009), ISO 11120 and the recently published national standard GB/T 33145, which represent the design theory and requirements of manufacture and inspection of USA, Europe and China. Comparative analysis is made among these standards on the aspects of scope, authorized steel, design, inspection and test, safety relief device, so as to illustrate the correlations and differences between them as well as the latest development.Discussion is also made on two points of the national standard GB/T 33145.
引文
[1] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 178.37,Specification 3AA and 3AAX Seamless Steel Cylinders[S].
[2] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 178.45,Specification 3T Seamless Steel Cylinders[S].
[3] Special Permit of U.S Department of Transportation DOT-SP 8009[S].
[4] ISO 11120:2015, Gas Cylinders—Refillable Seamless Steel Tubes of Water Capacity between 150L and3000L—Design, Construction and Testing[S].
[5] GB/T 33145-2016,大容积钢质无缝气瓶[S].
[6] ISO 11114-1:2012, Transportable Gas Cylinders—Compatibility of Cylinder and Valve Materials with Gas Contents-Part 1:Metallic Materials[S].
[7] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 173.302,Filling of Cylinders with Non—liquefied(Permanent)Compressed Gases and Adsorbed Gases[S].
[8]王洪海.美国长管拖车气瓶安全监察法规介绍[J].中国特种设备安全,2004,20(1):56—60.
[9]李艳梅,朱伏先,崔凤平,等.中厚钢板分层缺陷的形成机制分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007, 28(7):1002-1005.
[10] D Brooksbank, KW Andrews. Stress fields around inclusions and their relation to mechanical properties[J], Journal of the lron and Steel Institute, 1972, 210(4):246-255
[11]李洪生,高辉.钢中硫化锰的形态及对钢性能的影响[J].一重技术,2004(4):26—28.
[12] Bruce Craig. Grain boundary composition and associated hydrogen cracking of modified 4130 steels[J],Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1984,15(3):565-572
[13]王凯,王民庆,徐庭栋.磷的非平衡晶界偏聚现象及对回火脆性的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2009(6):882-888.
[14]中国科学院金属研究所.磷在钢中的偏析及钢的脆性[J].金属学报,1981, 17(2):124—239.
[15] Xu T, Cheng B. Kinetics of non—equilibrium grainboundary segregation[J]. Journal of Materials Science,1987, 49(1):109-208.
[16] C. L. Briant, Technical Note:The Effect of Alloying Elements on Impurity Induced Intergranular Corrosion[J],Corrosion. 1982, 38(4):230—232.
[17]林栋梁,吴建生.淬火温度对4330M钢应力腐蚀的影响——晶界上杂质偏聚对高强度钢应力腐蚀开裂的作用[J].金属学报,1984, 20(1):62-152.
[18]赵秉军,王继尧,杜云慧,等.砷、锡、锑对30CrMnSiA钢回火脆性的影响[J].材料热处理学报,1995(1):13-17.
[19]王继尧,赵秉军,赵家绪,等.As,Sb,Sn对30CrMnSiA钢力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,1995(2):10-13.
[20]王洪海.关于氩气无缝容器抗拉强度上限880MPa的探讨[J].压力容器,2017(8):35-42.
[21]王洪海.关于氢气气瓶安全性的讨论[J].压力容器,2003,20(9):29-31.
[22] ISO 11114—4:2005, Transportable Gas Cylinders—Compatibility of Cylinder and Valve Materials with Gas Contents—Part 4:Test Methods for Selecting Metallic Materials Resistant to Hydrogen Embrittlement[S]
[23] Deardo A J, Hua M J, Cho K G, et al. On strength of microalloyed steels:an interpretive review[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2009, 25(9):1074-1082.
[24] ISO 11439:2013, Gas Cylinders—High Pressure Cylinders for the On—board Storage of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles[S].
[25] TSG R0006-2014,气瓶安全技术监察规程[S].
[26] United Nations, Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods[S].
[27] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 173.301,General requirements for shipment of compressed gases and other hazardous materials in cylinders, UN pressure receptacles and spherical pressure vessels[S].
[28] CGA S1.1-2007,Pressure Relief Device Standards Part 1——Cylinders for Compressed Gases[S].
[29] GB150.2-2011,压力容器第2部分:材料[S].
[2] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 178.45,Specification 3T Seamless Steel Cylinders[S].
[3] Special Permit of U.S Department of Transportation DOT-SP 8009[S].
[4] ISO 11120:2015, Gas Cylinders—Refillable Seamless Steel Tubes of Water Capacity between 150L and3000L—Design, Construction and Testing[S].
[5] GB/T 33145-2016,大容积钢质无缝气瓶[S].
[6] ISO 11114-1:2012, Transportable Gas Cylinders—Compatibility of Cylinder and Valve Materials with Gas Contents-Part 1:Metallic Materials[S].
[7] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 173.302,Filling of Cylinders with Non—liquefied(Permanent)Compressed Gases and Adsorbed Gases[S].
[8]王洪海.美国长管拖车气瓶安全监察法规介绍[J].中国特种设备安全,2004,20(1):56—60.
[9]李艳梅,朱伏先,崔凤平,等.中厚钢板分层缺陷的形成机制分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007, 28(7):1002-1005.
[10] D Brooksbank, KW Andrews. Stress fields around inclusions and their relation to mechanical properties[J], Journal of the lron and Steel Institute, 1972, 210(4):246-255
[11]李洪生,高辉.钢中硫化锰的形态及对钢性能的影响[J].一重技术,2004(4):26—28.
[12] Bruce Craig. Grain boundary composition and associated hydrogen cracking of modified 4130 steels[J],Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1984,15(3):565-572
[13]王凯,王民庆,徐庭栋.磷的非平衡晶界偏聚现象及对回火脆性的影响[J].材料科学与工艺,2009(6):882-888.
[14]中国科学院金属研究所.磷在钢中的偏析及钢的脆性[J].金属学报,1981, 17(2):124—239.
[15] Xu T, Cheng B. Kinetics of non—equilibrium grainboundary segregation[J]. Journal of Materials Science,1987, 49(1):109-208.
[16] C. L. Briant, Technical Note:The Effect of Alloying Elements on Impurity Induced Intergranular Corrosion[J],Corrosion. 1982, 38(4):230—232.
[17]林栋梁,吴建生.淬火温度对4330M钢应力腐蚀的影响——晶界上杂质偏聚对高强度钢应力腐蚀开裂的作用[J].金属学报,1984, 20(1):62-152.
[18]赵秉军,王继尧,杜云慧,等.砷、锡、锑对30CrMnSiA钢回火脆性的影响[J].材料热处理学报,1995(1):13-17.
[19]王继尧,赵秉军,赵家绪,等.As,Sb,Sn对30CrMnSiA钢力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,1995(2):10-13.
[20]王洪海.关于氩气无缝容器抗拉强度上限880MPa的探讨[J].压力容器,2017(8):35-42.
[21]王洪海.关于氢气气瓶安全性的讨论[J].压力容器,2003,20(9):29-31.
[22] ISO 11114—4:2005, Transportable Gas Cylinders—Compatibility of Cylinder and Valve Materials with Gas Contents—Part 4:Test Methods for Selecting Metallic Materials Resistant to Hydrogen Embrittlement[S]
[23] Deardo A J, Hua M J, Cho K G, et al. On strength of microalloyed steels:an interpretive review[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2009, 25(9):1074-1082.
[24] ISO 11439:2013, Gas Cylinders—High Pressure Cylinders for the On—board Storage of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles[S].
[25] TSG R0006-2014,气瓶安全技术监察规程[S].
[26] United Nations, Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods[S].
[27] Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 173.301,General requirements for shipment of compressed gases and other hazardous materials in cylinders, UN pressure receptacles and spherical pressure vessels[S].
[28] CGA S1.1-2007,Pressure Relief Device Standards Part 1——Cylinders for Compressed Gases[S].
[29] GB150.2-2011,压力容器第2部分:材料[S].