冰雪弯道多频视觉参照系对车速感知的影响
|
摘要
为保障冰雪环境下弯道路面的行车安全,定量分析不同速度条件下,不同弯道多频率组合标志对驾驶员车速感知的影响。采用3dmax软件建立冰雪弯道仿真模型,基于E-prime2. 0软件进行车速感知心理物理试验,探究在不同组合频率、不同速度条件下,驾驶员的速度感知能力和差异。研究结果表明:高中低频组合的视觉参照系能使驾驶员产生一定高估速度的错觉,高频12 Hz、中频1 Hz、低频0. 3 Hz的组合频率标志诱导速度高估的效果最佳;随着速度的增大,速度高估逐渐减小,速度感知差异增大;合理设置多频率组合标志,有利于保障冰雪弯道行车安全。
To ensure the driving safety on curve under the condition of ice and snow,a quantitative analysis was made for effect of multi-frequency visual reference system on driver's vehicle speed perception. A simulation model was built by using the 3 dmax software for ice and snow curve. Based on E-prime2-0 software,speed perception psychophysical experiments were carried out to explore the driver's speed perception ability as a function of both the combined frequency and the speed. The results indicate that the visual reference system of multi-frequency curve signs helps drivers overestimate the speed,the combination of high frequency 12 Hz,middle 1 Hz and low frequency 0. 3 Hz has the best effect of speed overestimating. The speed overestimation gradually decreases, and the speed perception difference increases as the speed increases.
To ensure the driving safety on curve under the condition of ice and snow,a quantitative analysis was made for effect of multi-frequency visual reference system on driver's vehicle speed perception. A simulation model was built by using the 3 dmax software for ice and snow curve. Based on E-prime2-0 software,speed perception psychophysical experiments were carried out to explore the driver's speed perception ability as a function of both the combined frequency and the speed. The results indicate that the visual reference system of multi-frequency curve signs helps drivers overestimate the speed,the combination of high frequency 12 Hz,middle 1 Hz and low frequency 0. 3 Hz has the best effect of speed overestimating. The speed overestimation gradually decreases, and the speed perception difference increases as the speed increases.
引文
[1]韩建华.高海拔寒冷地区公路设计理念与方法及其应用[D].西安:长安大学,2014.HAN Jianhua.Study of the design concepts and methods in high-altitude and cold regions and their applications[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2014.
[2]相文森.城市冰雪道路交通事故成因及发生机理研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.XIANG Wensen.Research on traffic accidents causes&occurrence mechanism on urban snow and ice road[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[3]赵玮,徐良杰,冉斌,等.基于Adaptive Lasso及RF算法的冰雪天气交通事故分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(2):98-103.ZHAO Wei,XU Liangjie,RAN Bin,et al.Analyzing traffic crash under iced and snow weather condition based on adaptive lasso and RF[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(2):98-103.
[4]ZHAO Wei,XU Liangjie,BAI Jing,et al.Sensor-based risk perception ability network design for drivers in snow and ice environmental freeway:a deep learning and rough sets approach[J].Soft Computing,2018,22(5):1 457-1 466.
[5]夏可,艾力·斯木吐拉.驾驶员心率变化与高原公路平曲线关系的实验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(11):36-41.XIA Ke,ELI Ismutulla.An experimental analysis of drivers'heart rate change in relationship to plateau highway curves[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(11):36-41.
[6]皮宇航.反光交通标志设计视认影响因素研究[J].科技信息,2013(9):439-440.PI Yuhang.Study on the legibility influencing factors of reflective traffic sign design[J].Science&Technology Information,2013(9):439-440.
[7]ZWAHLEN H T,JIN Y P.Curve radius perception accuracy as function of number of delineation devices(chevrons)[J].Thin Solid Films,1995,518(2):518-521.
[8]徐良杰,奚少新,王志军,等.冰雪条件下弯道标志对驾驶员心理效应研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(5):14-19.XU Liangjie,XI Shaoxin,WANG Zhijun,et al.Research on effect of icy curved road signs on drivers'psychology[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(5):14-19.
[9]徐良杰,奚少新,李铁辉,等.冰雪环境弯道交通标志影响试验分析[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):163-167.XU Liangjie,XI Shaoxin,LI Tiehui,et al.Experimental analysis for effects of the traffic signs on the icy curved roads[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):163-167.
[10]孟爽,杜志刚,郑展骥,等.隧道内多频多尺寸信息对车速感知的影响[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(5):76-80.MENG Shuang,DU Zhigang,ZHENG Zhanji,et al.Influence of multi-frequency and multi-scale visual information on speed perception of driver driving through tunnel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(5):76-80.
[11]高湘萍.知觉心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2011:56-90.
[12]杨晓建,何玉军.制动防抱死系统应用研究[J].汽车工程,1999,21(2):107-111.YANG Xiaojian,HE Yujun.The application research on antilock brake system[J].Automotive Engineering,1999,21(2):107-111.
[13]刘兵.基于驾驶员视知觉的车速控制和车道保持机理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.LIU Bing.Mechanism study on the vision-based speed control and lane keeping[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2008.
[2]相文森.城市冰雪道路交通事故成因及发生机理研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.XIANG Wensen.Research on traffic accidents causes&occurrence mechanism on urban snow and ice road[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[3]赵玮,徐良杰,冉斌,等.基于Adaptive Lasso及RF算法的冰雪天气交通事故分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(2):98-103.ZHAO Wei,XU Liangjie,RAN Bin,et al.Analyzing traffic crash under iced and snow weather condition based on adaptive lasso and RF[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(2):98-103.
[4]ZHAO Wei,XU Liangjie,BAI Jing,et al.Sensor-based risk perception ability network design for drivers in snow and ice environmental freeway:a deep learning and rough sets approach[J].Soft Computing,2018,22(5):1 457-1 466.
[5]夏可,艾力·斯木吐拉.驾驶员心率变化与高原公路平曲线关系的实验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(11):36-41.XIA Ke,ELI Ismutulla.An experimental analysis of drivers'heart rate change in relationship to plateau highway curves[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(11):36-41.
[6]皮宇航.反光交通标志设计视认影响因素研究[J].科技信息,2013(9):439-440.PI Yuhang.Study on the legibility influencing factors of reflective traffic sign design[J].Science&Technology Information,2013(9):439-440.
[7]ZWAHLEN H T,JIN Y P.Curve radius perception accuracy as function of number of delineation devices(chevrons)[J].Thin Solid Films,1995,518(2):518-521.
[8]徐良杰,奚少新,王志军,等.冰雪条件下弯道标志对驾驶员心理效应研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(5):14-19.XU Liangjie,XI Shaoxin,WANG Zhijun,et al.Research on effect of icy curved road signs on drivers'psychology[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(5):14-19.
[9]徐良杰,奚少新,李铁辉,等.冰雪环境弯道交通标志影响试验分析[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):163-167.XU Liangjie,XI Shaoxin,LI Tiehui,et al.Experimental analysis for effects of the traffic signs on the icy curved roads[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):163-167.
[10]孟爽,杜志刚,郑展骥,等.隧道内多频多尺寸信息对车速感知的影响[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(5):76-80.MENG Shuang,DU Zhigang,ZHENG Zhanji,et al.Influence of multi-frequency and multi-scale visual information on speed perception of driver driving through tunnel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(5):76-80.
[11]高湘萍.知觉心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2011:56-90.
[12]杨晓建,何玉军.制动防抱死系统应用研究[J].汽车工程,1999,21(2):107-111.YANG Xiaojian,HE Yujun.The application research on antilock brake system[J].Automotive Engineering,1999,21(2):107-111.
[13]刘兵.基于驾驶员视知觉的车速控制和车道保持机理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.LIU Bing.Mechanism study on the vision-based speed control and lane keeping[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2008.