间伐强度对大兴安岭天然落叶松林功能的影响
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摘要
以黑龙江省大兴安岭塔河林业局盘古林场的天然落叶松林为研究对象。基于2011年所设16块天然落叶松林固定样地的调查数据,建立天然落叶松各器官(树干、树根、树枝和树叶)生物量模型,并结合碳系数预估天然落叶松林分碳储量,计算不同林分生物多样性。引入单木综合健康指数,确立间伐原则,构建综合目标值,并分析不同经营方案(间伐强度5%、10%、15%、20%)对森林的经济服务功能(木材收获)和生态服务功能(生物多样性、碳储量)的影响。结果表明:随着间伐强度的增加,林木健康指数、林分平均胸径及平均树高呈增加趋势;树木大小多样性和树种多样性呈减小趋势。在经济服务功能和生态服务功能构建的综合目标值最大条件下,结合不同间伐强度对二者的影响,提出了合理的多功能经营方案。在最优经营方案条件下,平均抚育间伐株数为375株/hm2;大小多样性平均降低0.175 8;树种多样性平均降低0.012 7;林分平均胸径增加0.81 cm;林分平均高增加0.65 m;木材收获量平均为12.3 m3/hm2;碳储量平均为47.84 t/hm2。
The natural larch forest in Pangu Forest Farm,Tahe Forestry Bureau,Great Xingan Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,was used as the study object. Based on the permanented sample data of 16 natural larch forest in 2011,the biomass model of natural larch organs,including trunk,roots,branches and leaves,was established. By combining with carbon coefficient to estimate carbon stocks of natural larch stands and the calculation of biological diversity of different stands were made. The single tree health index was introduced and the thining principles were determined,and the comprehensive objective value was defined and the impacts of different forest management plan(thinning intensity of 5%,10%,15%,20%)on economic services(timber harvesting)and ecosystem services(biodiversity and carbon storage)were analyzed. The results showed that forest health index,stand average diameter and average tree height increased with the increase of thinning intensity,while tree size diversity and species diversity showed opposite results. Under the condition of achieving the maximum comprehensive target of economic services and ecosystem services,the reasonable multifunctional management plan was proposed with considering the effects of different thinning intensity. Under the optimal management scheme,the average number of thinned trees was 375hm-2. The tree size diversity decreased 0. 1758,species diversity decreased 0. 0127,average dbh increased 0. 81cm,average tree height increased 0. 65m,wood procurement was 12. 3m3·hm-2,and the carbon storage was 47.84t·hm-2.
The natural larch forest in Pangu Forest Farm,Tahe Forestry Bureau,Great Xingan Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,was used as the study object. Based on the permanented sample data of 16 natural larch forest in 2011,the biomass model of natural larch organs,including trunk,roots,branches and leaves,was established. By combining with carbon coefficient to estimate carbon stocks of natural larch stands and the calculation of biological diversity of different stands were made. The single tree health index was introduced and the thining principles were determined,and the comprehensive objective value was defined and the impacts of different forest management plan(thinning intensity of 5%,10%,15%,20%)on economic services(timber harvesting)and ecosystem services(biodiversity and carbon storage)were analyzed. The results showed that forest health index,stand average diameter and average tree height increased with the increase of thinning intensity,while tree size diversity and species diversity showed opposite results. Under the condition of achieving the maximum comprehensive target of economic services and ecosystem services,the reasonable multifunctional management plan was proposed with considering the effects of different thinning intensity. Under the optimal management scheme,the average number of thinned trees was 375hm-2. The tree size diversity decreased 0. 1758,species diversity decreased 0. 0127,average dbh increased 0. 81cm,average tree height increased 0. 65m,wood procurement was 12. 3m3·hm-2,and the carbon storage was 47.84t·hm-2.
引文
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[23]曾伟生,骆期邦,贺东北.论加权回归与建模[J].林业科学,1999(5):5-11.
[24]徐庆祥,卫星,王庆成,等.抚育间伐对兴安落叶公天然林生长和土壤理化性质的影响[J].森林工程,2013,29(3):6-9.
[25]郭庆兰,景化杰,刘淑兰.天然落叶松种子林经营技术的探讨[J].林业科技,1997,21(1):18-12.
[2]白冬艳.多功能森林经营效益优化及财政政策调控研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[3]陆元昌,Schindele Werner,刘宪钊,等.多功能目标下的近自然森林经营作业法研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(4):1-6.
[4]何友均,谭林,李勇智.森林经营对多维目标功能的影响评价与模拟研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:1-10.
[5]李法胜.多目标决策方法在森林资源经营中的应用研究——长白山林区异龄林资源多目标经营实例分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,1994.
[6]徐文科,曲智林,王文龙.带岭林业局森林生态系统经营多目标规划决策[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(2):22-25.
[7]刘杰,刘永敏,刘国良.森林多目标可持续经营规划研究——以白河林业局为案例[J].林业经济,2012(7):105-108.
[8]Yousefpour R,Hanewinkel M.Modelling of forest conversion planning with an adaptive simulation-optimization approach and simultaneous consideration of the values of timber,carbon and biodiversity[J].Ecological Economics,2008,68(6):1711-1722.
[9]戎建涛,雷相东,张会儒,等.兼顾碳贮量和木材生产目标的森林经营规划研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(2):155-162.
[10]向玮,雷相东,洪玲霞,等.落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[J].林业科学,2011(06):77-87.
[11]郝清玉,周玉萍,王立海,等.长白山阔叶林高产大径木林分结构及择伐周期优化研究(英文)[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2006(2):135-140.
[12]Fredrik H H,Birger S.Potential and economic efficiency of carbon sequestration in forest biomass through silvicultural management[J].Forest Science,1994(3):429-451.
[13]Pukkala T,Miina J.A method for stochastic multiobjective optimization of stand management[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1997(2):189-203.
[14]Bertomeu M,Romero C.Managing forest biodiversity:a zero-one goal programming approach[J].Agricultural Systems,2001(3):197-213.
[15]Zhou W,Gong P.Multiple-use tradeoffs in Swedish mountain region forests[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2003(1):39-52.
[16]Bakent E Z,KeleS,KadoullarA,et al.Quantifying the effects of forest management strategies on the production of forest values:timber,carbon,oxygen,water,and soil[J].Environmental Modeling and Assessment,2011(2):145-152.
[17]朱宇.大兴安岭天然落叶松林健康评价研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[18]李凤日.长白落叶松人工林树冠形状的模拟(英文)[J].林业科学,2004(5):16-24.
[19]王蒙,李凤日,贾炜玮,等.黑龙江省落叶松人工林碳储量动态研究[J].植物研究,2013(5):623-628.
[20]陈传国,朱俊凤.东北主要林木生物量手册[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989.
[21]向玮.落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2009.
[22]张松丹,唐小平,崔武社,等.LY-T 1646-2005森林采伐作业规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社.2005.
[23]曾伟生,骆期邦,贺东北.论加权回归与建模[J].林业科学,1999(5):5-11.
[24]徐庆祥,卫星,王庆成,等.抚育间伐对兴安落叶公天然林生长和土壤理化性质的影响[J].森林工程,2013,29(3):6-9.
[25]郭庆兰,景化杰,刘淑兰.天然落叶松种子林经营技术的探讨[J].林业科技,1997,21(1):18-12.