南海北部陆架海域内潮特征的观测研究
|
摘要
利用2014年南海东沙岛西北部海域70余天的流速剖面高频观测资料,研究分析了该海区正压潮、内潮的时空分布特征。结果表明,观测海区正压潮流以O_1,K_1,M_2,S_2为主;斜压潮流中,除四大分潮之外,MU_2与2Q_1分潮能量也较强;内潮的主轴方向基本沿东南-西北方向,近似与局地等深线垂直。全日内潮的锁相部分占全日内潮能量的17.5%,而半日内潮的锁相部分占半日内潮能量的30%;进一步研究发现半日内潮主要由第一模态主导,而全日内潮第二模态占比50%,约为其第一模态能量的两倍;内潮模态能量占比显示出显著的大小潮调制的半月周期。对比不同垂向模态计算方法发现,当流速观测深度有限时,利用全水深温盐资料计算观测范围内流速垂向模态是更为准确的方式。
The temporal variability and vertical distribution of barotropic tides and internal tides were investigated using 70-day high-frequency mooring data taken from continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea in 2014.We found that the components of O_1,K_1,M_2,and S_2 were the most prominent ones in barotropic tides.While in baroclinic tides,additional to these major tidal components,MU_2 and 2Q_1 were considerably obvious.The major axes of tidal ellipses were in southeast-northwest direction,being almost perpendicular to the local isobaths extension.The coherent diurnal internal tidal currents took only 17.5% variance of total diurnal internal tidal variance,and the counterpart in semidiurnal tides covered 30%.Moreover,the semidiurnal internal waves were dominant by the first mode motion,whereas the diurnal internal tides exhibited higher mode features:the second mode covered a half of the total variance in diurnal tides,which is twice of the first mode's variance.In addition,both the total variance and the modal structure featured a half-month variation.By comparing the different ways of calculating the vertical mode when observed depth of the velocity is limited,we found that calculating vertical mode using full-depth temperature and salinity data is more accurate.
The temporal variability and vertical distribution of barotropic tides and internal tides were investigated using 70-day high-frequency mooring data taken from continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea in 2014.We found that the components of O_1,K_1,M_2,and S_2 were the most prominent ones in barotropic tides.While in baroclinic tides,additional to these major tidal components,MU_2 and 2Q_1 were considerably obvious.The major axes of tidal ellipses were in southeast-northwest direction,being almost perpendicular to the local isobaths extension.The coherent diurnal internal tidal currents took only 17.5% variance of total diurnal internal tidal variance,and the counterpart in semidiurnal tides covered 30%.Moreover,the semidiurnal internal waves were dominant by the first mode motion,whereas the diurnal internal tides exhibited higher mode features:the second mode covered a half of the total variance in diurnal tides,which is twice of the first mode's variance.In addition,both the total variance and the modal structure featured a half-month variation.By comparing the different ways of calculating the vertical mode when observed depth of the velocity is limited,we found that calculating vertical mode using full-depth temperature and salinity data is more accurate.
引文
王雪竹,李培良,张婷婷,2009.南海中部深水海盆的潮流垂直结构.海洋学报,31(1):20-27
中华人民共和国交通部,1975.港口工程技术规范.北京:人民交通出版社
方国洪,曹德明,黄企洲,1994.南海潮汐潮流的数值模拟.海洋学报,16(4):1-12
司广成,侯一筠,2012.南海北部东沙岛附近的内潮和余流特征.海洋与湖沼,43(1):10-16
张效谦,梁鑫峰,田纪伟,2005.南海北部450m以浅水层内潮和近惯性运动研究.科学通报,50(18):2027-2031
梁辉,郑洁,田纪伟,2016.南海西北陆坡区内潮与近惯性内波观测研究.海洋学报,38(11):32-42
Buijsman M C,Kanarska Y,McWilliams J C,2010.On the generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,115(C2):C02012
Cai S Q,Long X M,Gan Z J,2002.A numerical study of the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves in the Luzon Strait.Oceanologica Acta,25(2):51-60
Duda T F,Lynch J F,Irish J D et al,2005.Internal tide and nonlinear internal wave behavior at the continental slope in the northern South China Sea.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29(4):1105-1130
Gao D L,Jin G Z,LüX Q,2017.Temporal variations in internal tide multimodal structure on the continental shelf,South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,35(1):70-78
Garrett C,Kunze E,2007.Internal tide generation in the deep ocean.Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,39:57-87
Klymak J M,Alford M H,Pinkel R et al,2011.The breaking and scattering of the internal tide on a continental slope.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(5):926-945
Laurent L S,Garrett C,2002.The role of internal tides in mixing the deep ocean.Journal of Physical Oceanography,32(10):2882-2899
Lee I H,Wang Y H,Yang Y et al,2012.Temporal variability of internal tides in the northeast South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,117(C2):C02013
Li D,Chen X,Liu A,2011.On the generation and evolution of internal solitary waves in the northwestern South China Sea.Ocean Modelling,40(2):105-119
Li Q,Farmer D M,2011.The generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the deep basin of the South China Sea.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(7):1345-1363
Ma B B,Lien R C,Ko D S,2013.The variability of internal tides in the Northern South China Sea.Journal of Oceanography,69(5):619-630
Nash J D,Alford M H,Kunze E,2004.Estimating internal wave energy fluxes in the ocean.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,22(10):1551-1570
Nash J D,Kunze E,Lee C M et al,2006.Structure of the baroclinic tide generated at Kaena Ridge,Hawaii.Journal of Physical Oceanography,36(6):1123-1135
Qian H,Shaw P T,Ko D S,2010.Generation of internal waves by barotropic tidal flow over a steep ridge.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,57(12):1521-1531
Shang X D,Liu Q,Xie X H et al,2015.Characteristics and seasonal variability of internal tides in the southern South China Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,98:43-52
Vlasenko V,Guo C C,Stashchuk N,2012.On the mechanism of A-type and B-type internal solitary wave generation in the northern South China Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,69:100-112
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J et al,2010.A study of internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northwestern South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,29(3):18-25
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J,2011.Multimodal structure of the internal tides on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,95(1):178-185
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J et al,2013.Variability of internal tides and near-inertial waves on the continental slope of the northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,118(1):197-211
Zheng Q A,Susanto R D,Ho C R et al,2007.Statistical and dynamical analyses of generation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in the northern South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,112(C3):C03021
中华人民共和国交通部,1975.港口工程技术规范.北京:人民交通出版社
方国洪,曹德明,黄企洲,1994.南海潮汐潮流的数值模拟.海洋学报,16(4):1-12
司广成,侯一筠,2012.南海北部东沙岛附近的内潮和余流特征.海洋与湖沼,43(1):10-16
张效谦,梁鑫峰,田纪伟,2005.南海北部450m以浅水层内潮和近惯性运动研究.科学通报,50(18):2027-2031
梁辉,郑洁,田纪伟,2016.南海西北陆坡区内潮与近惯性内波观测研究.海洋学报,38(11):32-42
Buijsman M C,Kanarska Y,McWilliams J C,2010.On the generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,115(C2):C02012
Cai S Q,Long X M,Gan Z J,2002.A numerical study of the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves in the Luzon Strait.Oceanologica Acta,25(2):51-60
Duda T F,Lynch J F,Irish J D et al,2005.Internal tide and nonlinear internal wave behavior at the continental slope in the northern South China Sea.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29(4):1105-1130
Gao D L,Jin G Z,LüX Q,2017.Temporal variations in internal tide multimodal structure on the continental shelf,South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,35(1):70-78
Garrett C,Kunze E,2007.Internal tide generation in the deep ocean.Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,39:57-87
Klymak J M,Alford M H,Pinkel R et al,2011.The breaking and scattering of the internal tide on a continental slope.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(5):926-945
Laurent L S,Garrett C,2002.The role of internal tides in mixing the deep ocean.Journal of Physical Oceanography,32(10):2882-2899
Lee I H,Wang Y H,Yang Y et al,2012.Temporal variability of internal tides in the northeast South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,117(C2):C02013
Li D,Chen X,Liu A,2011.On the generation and evolution of internal solitary waves in the northwestern South China Sea.Ocean Modelling,40(2):105-119
Li Q,Farmer D M,2011.The generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the deep basin of the South China Sea.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(7):1345-1363
Ma B B,Lien R C,Ko D S,2013.The variability of internal tides in the Northern South China Sea.Journal of Oceanography,69(5):619-630
Nash J D,Alford M H,Kunze E,2004.Estimating internal wave energy fluxes in the ocean.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,22(10):1551-1570
Nash J D,Kunze E,Lee C M et al,2006.Structure of the baroclinic tide generated at Kaena Ridge,Hawaii.Journal of Physical Oceanography,36(6):1123-1135
Qian H,Shaw P T,Ko D S,2010.Generation of internal waves by barotropic tidal flow over a steep ridge.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,57(12):1521-1531
Shang X D,Liu Q,Xie X H et al,2015.Characteristics and seasonal variability of internal tides in the southern South China Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,98:43-52
Vlasenko V,Guo C C,Stashchuk N,2012.On the mechanism of A-type and B-type internal solitary wave generation in the northern South China Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,69:100-112
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J et al,2010.A study of internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northwestern South China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,29(3):18-25
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J,2011.Multimodal structure of the internal tides on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,95(1):178-185
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J et al,2013.Variability of internal tides and near-inertial waves on the continental slope of the northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,118(1):197-211
Zheng Q A,Susanto R D,Ho C R et al,2007.Statistical and dynamical analyses of generation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in the northern South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,112(C3):C03021