变电站避雷针法兰盘高强螺栓风振疲劳性能分析
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摘要
为明确避雷针法兰盘高强螺栓风振疲劳性能以及预紧力对疲劳性能的影响,以某变电站高耸避雷针结构为例,在整体结构梁单元模型风振动力计算的基础上,对避雷针法兰盘连接部位建立局部精细化实体模型,借助整体结构所得截面剪力和弯矩时程,对局部实体模型进行计算,得到高强螺栓上的应力时程;运用雨流计数法得到变幅应力谱,根据Miner累积损伤理论和S-N曲线,得出螺栓疲劳损伤值,并分析了预加力和法兰盘厚度对疲劳损伤的影响。结果表明:预紧力和外荷载在高强螺栓中产生的应力不能简单叠加计算,须分荷载步连续计算或通过试验获得;结构的风振效应越大,螺栓风振疲劳损伤也越显著;预紧力大小对螺栓风振疲劳性能影响显著,预紧力施加的不足或者长期损失可能使结构的疲劳寿命明显下降甚至发生疲劳破坏事故。
The study was initiated for revealing the wind-induced fatigue of high-strength bolts in flanges of a lightning rod of a transformer substation and the influence of the pretension force to bolt fatigue life. A representative frame lightning rod structure was selected and the wind-induced dynamic responses in time domain were obtained firstly from the global model by beam element. Then, the refined solid model was established to model the local area around a flange. By using the section internal forces calculated by the global model, the stress history on the bolts were obtained. The rain-flow counting method was adopted to acquire the variable amplitude stress spectrum from the stress time history, and then the fatigue damage value was obtained according to the Miner cumulative damage theory, S-N curve. Finally, the influence of different preload value and flange thickness on the fatigue performance of high-strength bolts was analyzed. The results showed that the final stress of bolt resulted from pretension force and wind load couldn't be deduced by superposition of them from each single load; it should be calculated by two continual load steps or determined by experiment. The greater wind gust effects, the more fatigue damage of bolts. The value of pretension force is critical to the bolt fatigue. The insufficiency or loss of pretension force could decrease the fatigue life of the bolt greatly and even lead to collapse of lightning rods.
The study was initiated for revealing the wind-induced fatigue of high-strength bolts in flanges of a lightning rod of a transformer substation and the influence of the pretension force to bolt fatigue life. A representative frame lightning rod structure was selected and the wind-induced dynamic responses in time domain were obtained firstly from the global model by beam element. Then, the refined solid model was established to model the local area around a flange. By using the section internal forces calculated by the global model, the stress history on the bolts were obtained. The rain-flow counting method was adopted to acquire the variable amplitude stress spectrum from the stress time history, and then the fatigue damage value was obtained according to the Miner cumulative damage theory, S-N curve. Finally, the influence of different preload value and flange thickness on the fatigue performance of high-strength bolts was analyzed. The results showed that the final stress of bolt resulted from pretension force and wind load couldn't be deduced by superposition of them from each single load; it should be calculated by two continual load steps or determined by experiment. The greater wind gust effects, the more fatigue damage of bolts. The value of pretension force is critical to the bolt fatigue. The insufficiency or loss of pretension force could decrease the fatigue life of the bolt greatly and even lead to collapse of lightning rods.
引文
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[2] 牛华伟,孔凯歌,陈寅,等.500kV全联合变电构架体型系数风洞试验及风振系数取值分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(11):80-87.
[3] 王建,邓鹤鸣,刘劲松,等.风害区域750kV变电站构架避雷针变形分析及应对措施[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(2):14-18.
[4] 孙涛,秦睿智,张广东,等.一起架构避雷针断裂故障原因分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(2):49-52.
[5] 丁国君,郭磊,董曼玲,等.构架避雷针折断原因分析及对策[J].河南电力技术,2015,43(4):6-9,21.
[6] 于鹏飞.变电站避雷针结构顺风向风振响应研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.
[7] 穆国煜.避雷针结构法兰盘高强螺栓风致疲劳研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.
[8] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[9] Shinozuka M,Deodatis G.Simulation of stochastic processes by spectral representation[J].Applied Mechanics Review,1991,44(4):191-204.
[10] Shinozuka M.Digital simulation of random processes in engineering mechanics with the aid of FFT technique[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium on Stochastic problems in mechanics,Septmber 24-26,1973,University of Waterloo,Ontanrio,Canada:277-286.Canada:Published by University of Waterloo Press,Waterloo,1974:277-286.
[11] 张希黔,葛勇,严春风,等.脉动风场模拟技术的研究与进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):206-212.
[12] 张军锋,董新胜,杨洋,等.变电站高耸避雷针风振响应分析[J].结构工程师(录用待发表).
[13] 张军锋,董新胜,杨洋,等.变电站构架避雷针风振响应分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版)(录用待发表).
[14] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.钢结构高强度螺栓连接技术规程:JGJ/T 82—2011[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[15] 濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[16] 陈学辉.特高压钢管塔用柔性法兰结构强度分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.
[17] 张智胜.式辊磨机副辊法兰盘连接螺栓组的有限元分析[D].南昌:江西理工大学,2016.
[18] 周向前.基于弯矩分配的受拉T型连接高强螺栓受力性能[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[19] 欧阳卿.高强螺栓受力及疲劳性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[20] 张媛.基于损伤力学的风力机塔筒法兰联接螺栓疲劳寿命分析[D].包头:内蒙古工业大学,2016.
[21] 赵少汴,王忠保.抗疲劳设计—方法与数据[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[22] 韩庆华,王一泓,徐杰,等.弹性混凝土-钢组合梁非线性数值分析[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2014,47(S):91-95.
[23] 汪之松.特高压输电塔线体系风振响应及风振疲劳性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.