基于遥感的矿区土地荒漠化动态及驱动机制
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摘要
为探讨人类活动和自然因素在榆神府矿区土地荒漠化发展变化中的相对作用,采用1989,2002,2011年3期TM遥感数据,分析了土地荒漠化现状及动态变化,结合主成分分析法确定了人类活动和气候因素在矿区土地荒漠化发展变化中的相对作用。结果表明:1通过建立NDVI(构归一化植被指数)和Albedo(地表反射率)的空间关系,结合典型区分析,可将榆神矿区荒漠化程度分为5种类型;2矿区土地荒漠化空间分带性显著,以毛乌素沙地和黄土高原接壤带为界,矿区西部荒漠化程度较重而东部荒漠化程度较轻;3研究期矿区土地荒漠化面积不断减少,1989—2002年间减少了39.7%,2002—2011年间减少了27.7%,荒漠化程度呈逆转趋势;4荒漠化变化在空间上差异较大,矿区西部荒漠化明显逆转,东部荒漠化程度呈现逆转—发展的趋势;5人类活动、气候因素决定了本区荒漠化演化方向,其贡献率分别为62.16%,14.18%。研究结果表明,推行保水采煤技术、禁牧及植树造林等是抑制本区荒漠化发展的有效途径。
Human activities and natural factors are two kinds of driving force in land desertification. The present study attempts to identify their relative roles in the land desertification of Yushenfu coal mining area. The study utilized the three stages TM remote sensing image data of 1989,2002 and 2011 on 1 ∶ 50 000 scale for land desertification mapping and its dynamic change analysis. Combined with principal component analysis( PCA),the relative roles of human activities and natural factors in land desertification were identified in the study area. The results are: 1 Based on the remote sensing image data,the expressions of normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) and Albedo can be derived to rank desertification in the study area. 2 The spatial distribution of land desertification presents a clear zonation pattern in mining area,the desertification in the Western mining area is heavier than that of the Eastern part. 3Land desertification area decreases 36. 7% and 27. 7% during the periods 1989—2002 and 2002—2011 respectively,which makes the desertification show a reversal trend. 4 The spatial distribution of land desertification is very different from West to East. The very severe and severe desertification areas decrease over the time in the Western mining area obviously,while there is a trend of rehabilitation firstly and then improvement in the East. 5 Coal mining activities and climate change account for 62. 16% and 14. 18% of the total variance,suggesting the main driving force of land desertification is human activities. The results show that water protected coal mine,grazing prohibition and tree planting are the only way to rehabilitate the land degradation in Yushenfu coal mining area.
Human activities and natural factors are two kinds of driving force in land desertification. The present study attempts to identify their relative roles in the land desertification of Yushenfu coal mining area. The study utilized the three stages TM remote sensing image data of 1989,2002 and 2011 on 1 ∶ 50 000 scale for land desertification mapping and its dynamic change analysis. Combined with principal component analysis( PCA),the relative roles of human activities and natural factors in land desertification were identified in the study area. The results are: 1 Based on the remote sensing image data,the expressions of normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) and Albedo can be derived to rank desertification in the study area. 2 The spatial distribution of land desertification presents a clear zonation pattern in mining area,the desertification in the Western mining area is heavier than that of the Eastern part. 3Land desertification area decreases 36. 7% and 27. 7% during the periods 1989—2002 and 2002—2011 respectively,which makes the desertification show a reversal trend. 4 The spatial distribution of land desertification is very different from West to East. The very severe and severe desertification areas decrease over the time in the Western mining area obviously,while there is a trend of rehabilitation firstly and then improvement in the East. 5 Coal mining activities and climate change account for 62. 16% and 14. 18% of the total variance,suggesting the main driving force of land desertification is human activities. The results show that water protected coal mine,grazing prohibition and tree planting are the only way to rehabilitate the land degradation in Yushenfu coal mining area.
引文
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[15]唐燕波,付利群,华解明,等.榆神府矿区土地沙漠化现状及发展态势研究[J].河北建筑科技学院院报,2001,18(2):79-82.Tang Yanbo,Fu Liqun,Hua Jieming,et al.Study on the present and developing trends of desertification land[J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology,2001,18(2):79-82.
[16]Arnab K,Dipanwita D.Monitoring desertification risk through climate change and human interference using remote sensing and GIS techniques[J].International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences,2011,2(1):21-33.
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[18]Tripathy G K,Shah Tkgsd.Monitoring of desertification process in Karanataka State of India using multi-temporal remote sensing and ancillary information using GIS[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(12):2243-2257.
[19]马保东,陈绍杰,吴立新,等.基于SPOT-VGT NDVI的矿区植被遥感监测方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):84-87.Ma Baodong,Chen Shaojie,Wu Lixin,et al.Vegetation monitoring method in mining area based on SPOT-VGT NDVI[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2009,25(1):84-87.
[20]武强,李学渊.基于计算几何和信息图谱的矿山地质环境遥感动态监测[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):160-166.Wu Qiang,Li Xueyuan.Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of mining geo-environment based on computational geometry and information TUPU[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):160-166.
[21]Verstraete M,Pinty B.Designing optimal spectral indexes for remote sensing applications[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,34(5):1254-1266.
[22]Jobbagy E G,Sala O E,Paruelo J M.Patterns and controls of primary production in the Patagonian steppe:A remote sensing approach[J].Ecology,2002,83:307-319.
[23]杜忠潮.长城沿线毛乌素沙地形成扩展及其荒漠化效应[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):226-232.Du Zhongchao.Researches on the formation,expansion and desertification effects of Maowusu sandy land along the great wall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(3):226-232.
[2]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.Qian Minggao,Miao Xiexing,Xu Jialin.Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[3]范立民.榆神府矿区煤炭开采强度与地质灾害[J].中国煤炭,2014,40(5):52-55.Fan Limin.On coal mining intensity and geo-hazard in Yulin-Shenmu-Fugu mine area[J].China Coal,2014,40(5):52-55.
[4]彭苏萍.中国煤炭资源开发与环境保护[J].科技导报,2009(17):3.Peng Suping.China coal resource explation and environment protection[J].Review Science and Technology,2009(17):3.
[5]马雄德,范立民,张晓团,等.榆神府矿区水体湿地演化驱动力分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1116-1123.Ma Xiongde,Fan Limin,Zhang Xiaotuan,et al.Driving force analysis for water and wetlands evolution at Yushenfu mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1116-1123.
[6]范立民.论保水采煤问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):50-53.Fan Limin.Discussing on coal mining under water-containing condition[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2005,33(5):50-53.
[7]王力,卫三平,王全九.榆神府煤田开采对地下水和植被的影响[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1408-1413.Wang Li,Wei Sanping,Wang Quanjiu.Effect of coal exploitation on groundwater and vegetation in the Yushenfu Coal Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1408-1413.
[8]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.Fan Limin,Ma Xiongde,Ji Ruijun.The Progress of research and engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[9]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.Wang Shuangming,Huang Qingxiang,Fan Limin,et al.Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):7-14.
[10]吴立新,马保东,刘善军,等.基于SPOT卫星NDVI数据的神东矿区植被覆盖动态变化分析[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1217-1222.Wu Lixin,Ma Baodong,Liu Shanjun,et al.Aanalysis to vegetation coverage change in Shendong mining area with SPOT NDVI data[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1217-1222.
[11]钱者东,蒋明康,刘鲁君.陕北榆神矿区景观变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):90-93.Qian Zhedong,Jiang Mingkang,Liu Lujun.Variaiton of landscape of Yushen mining area and its driving forces[J].Research of Soil Water Conservation,2011,18(2):90-93.
[12]李文平,段中会,华解明,等.陕北榆神府矿区地质环境现状及采煤效应影响预测[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):324-333.Li Wenping,Duan Zhonghui,Hua Jieming,et al.Evaluation of present geological environment and prediction of its variation caused by mining in Yushenfu mine area of North Shaanxi[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):324-333.
[13]马雄德,范立民,张晓团,等.陕西省榆林市榆神府矿区土地荒漠化及其景观格局动态变化[J].灾害学,2015,30(4):126-129.Ma Xiongde,Fan Limin,Zhang Xiaotuan,et al.Dynamic changes of desertification landscape pattern at Yushenfu mining area in Yulin city of Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2015,30(4):126-129.
[14]徐友宁,陈社斌,陈华清.陕西大柳塔煤矿区土地沙漠化时空演变研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(4):98-102.Xu Youning,Chen Shebin,Chen Huaqing.Spatial and temporal evolution of sandy desertification in the Daliuta coal mining area,Shaanxi[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2007(4):98-102.
[15]唐燕波,付利群,华解明,等.榆神府矿区土地沙漠化现状及发展态势研究[J].河北建筑科技学院院报,2001,18(2):79-82.Tang Yanbo,Fu Liqun,Hua Jieming,et al.Study on the present and developing trends of desertification land[J].Journal of Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology,2001,18(2):79-82.
[16]Arnab K,Dipanwita D.Monitoring desertification risk through climate change and human interference using remote sensing and GIS techniques[J].International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences,2011,2(1):21-33.
[17]徐驰,姜琦刚,李远华,等.呼伦贝尔地区土地荒漠化动态变化[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):160-167.Xu Chi,Jiang Qigang,Li Yuanhua,et al.Dynamic change of desertification in Hulunbeier[J].Global Geology,2010,29(1):160-167.
[18]Tripathy G K,Shah Tkgsd.Monitoring of desertification process in Karanataka State of India using multi-temporal remote sensing and ancillary information using GIS[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(12):2243-2257.
[19]马保东,陈绍杰,吴立新,等.基于SPOT-VGT NDVI的矿区植被遥感监测方法[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):84-87.Ma Baodong,Chen Shaojie,Wu Lixin,et al.Vegetation monitoring method in mining area based on SPOT-VGT NDVI[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2009,25(1):84-87.
[20]武强,李学渊.基于计算几何和信息图谱的矿山地质环境遥感动态监测[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):160-166.Wu Qiang,Li Xueyuan.Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of mining geo-environment based on computational geometry and information TUPU[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):160-166.
[21]Verstraete M,Pinty B.Designing optimal spectral indexes for remote sensing applications[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,34(5):1254-1266.
[22]Jobbagy E G,Sala O E,Paruelo J M.Patterns and controls of primary production in the Patagonian steppe:A remote sensing approach[J].Ecology,2002,83:307-319.
[23]杜忠潮.长城沿线毛乌素沙地形成扩展及其荒漠化效应[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(3):226-232.Du Zhongchao.Researches on the formation,expansion and desertification effects of Maowusu sandy land along the great wall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(3):226-232.