小管径超临界流体传热恶化特性研究
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摘要
根据IAPWS公布的IF97临界区比容反推方程重新拟合了超临界区域水的拟临界温度计算公式,进一步提高临界区的水和蒸汽物性计算精度。对水平小管径内超临界水的传热恶化特性进行了实验探究,实验结果表明:当平均流体温度小于拟临界温度时,换热系数出现峰值。平均流体与近壁流体的黏度比达到最大值,换热系数达到峰值;密度比达到最大值,传热恶化已经发生,管内进入拟汽相换热区或发生层流化现象。随着热流密度的增大,换热系数峰值越低;换热系数峰值和传热发生恶化的位置都向低焓值区偏移。
Based on backward equations for IF97-Region 3 published by IAPWS, a fitting formula is proposed to calculate pseudo-critical temperature of supercritical water and steam and the calculation accuracy of the physical properties in Region 3 is approved. A experiment was carried out to analyze the heat transfer deterioration characteristic of supercritical water in small horizontal diameter tube.It results that a heat transfer coefficient peak occurs when the average fluid temperature is lower than the pseudo-critical temperature. When the viscosity ratio of the average fluid to the near-wall fluid reaches the maximum, the heat transfer coefficient peak occurs. When the density ratio reaches the maximum, the heat transfer deterioration characteristic occurs and pseudo-steam heat transfer mechanism or laminarization phenomenon happens at the same time. The higher heat load is, the lower heat transfer coefficient peak is and the heat transfer coefficient peak or deterioration occurs at the lower enthalpy region.
Based on backward equations for IF97-Region 3 published by IAPWS, a fitting formula is proposed to calculate pseudo-critical temperature of supercritical water and steam and the calculation accuracy of the physical properties in Region 3 is approved. A experiment was carried out to analyze the heat transfer deterioration characteristic of supercritical water in small horizontal diameter tube.It results that a heat transfer coefficient peak occurs when the average fluid temperature is lower than the pseudo-critical temperature. When the viscosity ratio of the average fluid to the near-wall fluid reaches the maximum, the heat transfer coefficient peak occurs. When the density ratio reaches the maximum, the heat transfer deterioration characteristic occurs and pseudo-steam heat transfer mechanism or laminarization phenomenon happens at the same time. The higher heat load is, the lower heat transfer coefficient peak is and the heat transfer coefficient peak or deterioration occurs at the lower enthalpy region.
引文
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[2]Yamagata K,Yoshida S,Fuji T,et al.Forced Convective Heat Transfer to Supercritical Water Flowing in Tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1972,15:2575-2592
[3]Shitsman M E.The Effect of Natural Convection on Temperature Conditions in Horizontal Tubes at Supercritical Pressures[J].Thermal Engineering,1966,13(7):69-75
[4]Shitsman M E.Impairment of the Heat Transmission at Supercritical Pressures[J].High Temp,1963,1(2):237-244
[5]Petukhov B S,Protopopov V S,Silin V A.Experimental Investigation of Worsened Heat Transfer Conditions with the Turbulent Flow of Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Pressure[J].High Temp,1972,10(1):304-310
[6]雷贤良,李会雄,于水清.水平光管内超临界水在大比热容区内的传热与交混特性数值模拟研究[J].核动力工程,2012,33(1):29-33,38LEI Xianliang,LI Huixiong,YU Shuiqing.Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Mixing Characteristics of Supercritical Pressure Water in Horizontal Tubes in Large Specific Heat Region[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2012,33(1):29-33,38
[7]Kurganov V A,Zeigarnik Yu A,Maslakova I V.Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Resistance of Supercriticalpressure Coolants.PartI:Specifics of Thermophysical Properties of Supercritical Pressure Fluids and Turbulent Heat Transfer Under Heating Conditions in Round Tubes(state of the art)[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2012,55:3061-3075
[8]Pioro I L,Duffey R B.Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Resistance at Supercritical Pressure in Power Engineer Applications[M].New York:ASMEPRESS,2007:46-50,74-75,84-85
[9]LIU Zhaohui,BI Qincheng,GUO Yong,et al.Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of NearCritical-Pressure Hydrocarbon Fuel in a Mini-channel[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,51:1047-1054
[10]Duffey R B,Pioro I L.Experimental Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Flowing Inside Channels(Survey)[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2005,235:913-924
[11]Srinivas S P,Douglas M R,Eckhard A G,et al.Heat Transfer from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Tube FlowA Critical Review[J].HVAC&R Research,4:3,281-301
[12]LIAO S M,ZHAO T S.An Experimental Investigation of Convection Heat Transfer to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Miniature Tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2002,45:5025-5034
[13]Wagner W,Cooper J R.The IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam[J].Journal of Engineering Gas Turbines and Power,2000(122):150-182
[14]Supplementary Release on Backward Equations for Specific Volume as a Function of Pressure and Temperature v(p,T)for Region 3 of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam[EB/OL].[2017-08-16].http://www.iapws.org
[15]梁法春,王栋,林宗虎.超临界区水的拟临界温度的确定[J].动力工程,2004,24(6):869-870,892LIANG Fachun,WANG Dong,LIN Zonghu.Determination of the Pseudo-critical Temperature of Water in Supercritical Pressure Region[J].Power Engineering,2004,24(6):869-870,892
[16]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1987TAO Wenquan.Numerical Heat Transfer[M].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,1987
[17]白博峰,郭烈锦,陈学俊.非线性二维稳态导热反问题的一种新解法[J].工程热物理学报,1997,18(2):201-204BAI Bofeng,GUO Liejin,CHEN Xuejun.A New Solution to Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Steady Inverse Heat Conduction Problem[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1997,18(2):201-204
[18]Kakac S.The Effect of Temperature-dependent Fluid Properties on Convective Heat Transfer[C]//Handbook of Single-phase Convective Heat Transfer,USA:John Wiley&Sons,1987:18.1-18.56
[19]Jackson J D,Hall W B,Fewster J,et al.Heat Transfer to Supercritical Pressure Fluids[R].Design Report,NUKAEA AERE-R 8158,1975
[20]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].第四版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2006:273-274YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat Transfer[M].The forth edition.Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,2008:420-422