中国南大洋海洋大气化学研究进展
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摘要
海洋大气化学是一门海洋化学与大气化学交叉的新学科。中国的南大洋海洋大气化学研究与我国的南极考察事业同步成长。30多年来,随着南极科学考察的经验积累和数据集成,我国的南大洋海洋大气化学关键过程研究即大气-海洋生物地球化学循环,碳、氮、硫、磷、铁等的海气交换研究都有了长足的进步。与气候变化关系密切的碳、氮、硫的海-气循环等研究,取得了一批新的认知和成果,引起国际学界的关注。自20世纪80年代早期开始至今,我国已开展了三十多次南极科学考察,在这些考察中开展了南大洋大气气溶胶物质来源研究,探究了大气-海洋生物地球化学的一些关键过程,估算了硫、磷、氮、铁的海气交换通量。随着国家重大计划"南极在全球变化中的响应与反馈作用"项目实施及后续研究的开展,对全球变化的敏感要素碳、氮、硫、铁在南大洋的源汇特征及其环境和气候效应等进行了研究,对其有了更深的了解。我们还对南大洋海冰区碳汇格局演变,DMS、MSA、N_2O、Fe等的海气交换过程及其对生态环境的影响有了新认知。同时,在对上述化学物种的实时走航观测关键技术研发上也取得了重要突破,为未来开展相关研究提供了坚实的技术支持;在站区大气污染特征分布上进行了深入探讨,为了解人类活动对站区环境的影响提供了评估依据。
Marine atmospheric chemistry is a frontier interdiscipline which combines marine chemistry and atmospheric chemistry. Chinese researches in marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean has been advancing as a result of Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) since the early 1980 s. Over more than 30 years, with the experience accumulation and data integration of Antarctic scientific investigation, the researches on the key processes of marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean, namely the atmospheric-marine biogeochemical cycle of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and iron, have made great progress. The research on the sea-air circulation of carbon and nitrogen and the sea-air particle exchange of sulfur, which is closely related to climate change, has led to new knowledge and achieved results. Chinese researches in marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean focused on atmospheric aerosol chemical species characteristics and sources to explore key processes of atmospheric-marine geochemistry and estimate the sea-air exchange fluxes of sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen. With the implementation of the project Antarctic Response and Feedback Role in Global Change, we improved our understanding of the global change sensitive elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron in the Southern Ocean and their effects on environment and climate. A deeper understanding has also been developed in the spatial distribution of carbon sinks in the sea ice zone of the Southern Ocean, and the sea-air exchange processes of DMS, MSA, N_2O, Fe, as well as their impacts on the ecological environment. At the same time, important advances have been made in the research of technologies for underway observation of chemical species.
Marine atmospheric chemistry is a frontier interdiscipline which combines marine chemistry and atmospheric chemistry. Chinese researches in marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean has been advancing as a result of Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) since the early 1980 s. Over more than 30 years, with the experience accumulation and data integration of Antarctic scientific investigation, the researches on the key processes of marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean, namely the atmospheric-marine biogeochemical cycle of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and iron, have made great progress. The research on the sea-air circulation of carbon and nitrogen and the sea-air particle exchange of sulfur, which is closely related to climate change, has led to new knowledge and achieved results. Chinese researches in marine atmospheric chemistry over the Southern Ocean focused on atmospheric aerosol chemical species characteristics and sources to explore key processes of atmospheric-marine geochemistry and estimate the sea-air exchange fluxes of sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen. With the implementation of the project Antarctic Response and Feedback Role in Global Change, we improved our understanding of the global change sensitive elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron in the Southern Ocean and their effects on environment and climate. A deeper understanding has also been developed in the spatial distribution of carbon sinks in the sea ice zone of the Southern Ocean, and the sea-air exchange processes of DMS, MSA, N_2O, Fe, as well as their impacts on the ecological environment. At the same time, important advances have been made in the research of technologies for underway observation of chemical species.
引文
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4 陈立奇,余群.环球海洋大气气溶胶化学研究:Ⅲ:金属形态和入海通量[J].大气科学,1994,18(2):215—223.
5 CHEN L Q,CHEN M,ZHAN L Y,et al.Review of CHINARE chemical oceanographic research in the Southern Ocean during1984–2016.Adv Polar Sci,2017,28(2):139—150,doi:10.13679/j.advps.2017.2.00139
6 陈立奇,余兴光,孙立广.人类活动对中国南极站区环境影响的评估[M]//陈立奇主编.南极地区对全球变化的响应与反馈作用研究.北京:海洋出版社,2004:553—587.
7 汪建君,陈立奇,杨绪林.南极中山站站区上空气溶胶金属成分特征研究[J].极地研究,2009,21(1):1—14.
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10 CHARLSON R J,LOVELOCK J E,ANDREAE M O,et al.Oceanic phytoplankton,atmospheric sulphur,cloud albedo and climate[J].Nature,1987,326(6114):655—661.
11 CURRAN M A J,JONES G B.Dimethyl sulfide in the Southern Ocean:Seasonality and flux[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2000,105(D16):20451—20459.
12 KLOSTER S,FEICHTER J,MAIER-REIMER E,et al.DMS cycle in the marine ocean-atmosphere system-a global model study[J].Biogeosciences,2006,3(1):29—51.
13 效存德.南极地区气候系统变化:过去,现在和将来[J].气候变化研究进展,2008,4(1):1—7.
14 BERRESHEIM H,EISELE F L.Sulfur chemistry in the Antarctic troposphere experiment:an overview of project SCATE[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(D1):1619—1627.
15 ARIMOTO R,NOTTINGHAM A S,WEBB J,et al.Non-sea salt sulfate and other aerosol constituents at the south pole during ISCAT[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2001,28(19):3645—3648.
16 DAVIS D D,EISELE F,CHEN G,et al.An overview of ISCAT 2000[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(32):5363—5373.
17 EISELE F,DAVIS D D,HELMIG D,et al.Antarctic tropospheric chemistry investigation(ANTCI)2003 overview[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(12):2749—2761.
18 LANA A,BELL T,SIMóR,et al.An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfide concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2011,25(1):GB1004.
19 CURRAN M A J,JONES G B.Dimethyl sulfide in the Southern Ocean:Seasonality and flux[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2000,105(D16):20451—20459.
20 LEVASSEUR M.Ocean science:if gaia could talk[J].Nature Geosci,2011,4(6):351—352.
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