不同植物(组合)对入侵杂草黄顶菊功能性状的影响
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摘要
【目的】外来植物的入侵能力与其性状之间的关系是入侵生态学中的基本问题之一。外来植物成功入侵具备哪些植物功能性状,一直是研究的热点问题,研究和把握这些性状对外来植物的入侵机理研究具有重要的现实意义。【方法】利用同质园实验,以入侵植物黄顶菊为研究对象,设置不同的植物(或组合)与黄顶菊竞争处理,研究不同植物(组合)对黄顶菊植物功能性状的影响,从而探究不同植物对黄顶菊的抵御能力。【结果】地肤、苘麻、苏丹草和苏丹草与地肤、黄花草木樨组合对黄顶菊有一定抑制作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量、分枝数、株高显著低于黄顶菊单种处理,且对叶片功能性状、根功能性状、植株的全C和全N量等都有一定程度的影响。而反枝苋、反枝苋和紫花苜蓿组合对黄顶菊的生长有一定的促进作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量与全C、全N含量较单种黄顶菊显著增加。【结论】不同植物与黄顶菊竞争生长对黄顶菊的影响不同,地肤和苘麻可以显著地抑制黄顶菊的主要功能性状生长发育,而反枝苋和紫花苜蓿促进黄顶菊生长发育。
【Aim】 The study of the relationship between the invasive ability of exotic plants and their functional traits remains important in invasive ecology. 【Method】 In this study, an invasive species, Flaveria bidentis, was grown with selected plants, individually or in mixture, in a common garden experiment. The functional traits of F. bidentis were measured as well as the level of competition with these different plant species. 【Result】 Kochia scoparia, Abutilon theophrasti, Sorghum sudanense and the mixture of S. sudanense, K. scoparia and Melilotus officinalis had an inhibitory effect on the growth of F. bidentis. Biomass, number of stems and plant height of F. bidentis significantly increased when grown with A. retroflexus along or in a mixture with M. sativa and A. retroflexus. Root to shoot ratio and root length, plant height, C content, and number of branches had significant lower values when exposed to the other plant species. N content of F. bidentis significantly varied depending on the treatments. Root tissue density and specific leaf area significantly increased when grown together with the other species. 【Conclusion】 Different plants have different effects on the F. bidentis in competition. K. scoparia and Abutilon theophrasti can significantly inhibit the growth and modify the main functional traits of F. bidentis. However, M. sativa and A. retroflexus promote the growth and development of F. bidentis.
【Aim】 The study of the relationship between the invasive ability of exotic plants and their functional traits remains important in invasive ecology. 【Method】 In this study, an invasive species, Flaveria bidentis, was grown with selected plants, individually or in mixture, in a common garden experiment. The functional traits of F. bidentis were measured as well as the level of competition with these different plant species. 【Result】 Kochia scoparia, Abutilon theophrasti, Sorghum sudanense and the mixture of S. sudanense, K. scoparia and Melilotus officinalis had an inhibitory effect on the growth of F. bidentis. Biomass, number of stems and plant height of F. bidentis significantly increased when grown with A. retroflexus along or in a mixture with M. sativa and A. retroflexus. Root to shoot ratio and root length, plant height, C content, and number of branches had significant lower values when exposed to the other plant species. N content of F. bidentis significantly varied depending on the treatments. Root tissue density and specific leaf area significantly increased when grown together with the other species. 【Conclusion】 Different plants have different effects on the F. bidentis in competition. K. scoparia and Abutilon theophrasti can significantly inhibit the growth and modify the main functional traits of F. bidentis. However, M. sativa and A. retroflexus promote the growth and development of F. bidentis.
引文
樊翠芹,王贵启,李秉华,苏立军,2008.黄顶菊生育特性研究.杂草科学 (3):37-39.
高尚宾,张宏斌,孙玉芳,张国良,2017.植物替代控制3种入侵杂草技术的研究与应用进展.生物安全学报,26(1):18-22.
韩建华,程子林,张思晨,皇甫超河,武克,2014.生物替代技术防控外来入侵植物黄顶菊试验.天津农林科技 (4):1-3.
金可默,2015.作物根系对土壤异质性养分和机械阻力的响应及其调控机制研究.博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学.
刘红梅,皇甫超河,常瑞恒,杨殿林,2012.2种替代植物对黄顶菊入侵土壤养分及酶活性的影响.杂草学报,30(2):24-28.
刘辉,滕爱娣,王琳,邓波,高凯,2016.去叶对不同时期菊芋生物量、株高和生长速率的影响.草地学报,24(4):915-918.
刘建,李钧敏,余华,何维明,于飞海,桑卫国,刘国方,董鸣,2010.植物功能性状与外来植物入侵.生物多样性,18(6):569-576.
吕远,王贵启,郑丽,倪汉文,2011.入侵植物黄顶菊与本地植物的竞争.生态学杂志,30(4):677-681.
马杰,皇甫超河,易津,杨殿林,2011.4种替代植物对黄顶菊入侵土壤养分和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,20(5):805-812.
时翠平,牛树启,王凤茹,2011.外来入侵植物黄顶菊的危害与防控.湖北农业科学,50(10):2008-2010.
魏珍,岳彩鹏,常岳旸,李秋洁,许雪敏,朱世新,2017.入侵植物黄顶菊的繁殖生物学特性.江苏农业科学,45(9):97-100.
翟偲涵,王平,盛连喜,2017.竞争条件下植物功能性状的表型可塑性研究进展.北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(4):538-546.
张风娟,徐兴友,陈凤敏,郭艾英,龙茹,2008.黄顶菊茎叶浸提液对白菜和水稻幼苗化感作用的初步研究.西北植物学报,28(8):1669-1674.
张瑞海,2010.黄顶菊替代植物的筛选及其与黄顶菊竞争效应的研究.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学.
BAXENDALE C,ORWIN K H,POLY F,POMMIER T,BARDGETT R D,2015.Are plant-soil feedback responses explained by plant traits?New Phytologist,204(2):408-423.
CARLUCCI M B,DEBASTIANI V J,PILLAR V D,DUARTE L D,2015.Between-and within-species trait variability and the assembly of sapling communities in forest patches.Journal of Vegetation Science,26(1):21-31.
CORNELISSEN J H C,LAVOREL S,GARNIER E,DíAZ S,BUCHMANN N,GURVICH D E,2003.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide.Australian Journal of Botany,51(4):335.
DE VRIES F T,MANNING P,TALLOWIN J R B,MORTIMER S R,PILHRIM E S,HARRISON K A,2012.Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape-scale patterns in soil microbial communities.Ecology Letters,15:1230-1239.
FENG Y L,LEI Y B,WANG R F,CALLAWAY R M,VALIENTEBANUET A,INDERJIT,2009.Evolutionary tradeoffs for nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis versus cell walls in an invasive plant.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,106:1853-1856.
FENG Y L,2010.Photosynthesis,nitrogen allocation and specific leaf area in invasive Eupatorium adenophorum and native Eupatorium japonicum grown at different irradiances.Plant Physiology,133(2):318-326.
FORNARA D A,TILMAN D D,2008.Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation.Journal of Ecology,96(2):314-322.
FRANSEN B,KROON H D,BERENDSE F,1998.Root morphological plasticity and nutrient acquisition of perennial grass species from habitats of different nutrient availability.Oecologia,115(3):351-358.
GRACE J B,1995.On the measurement of plant competition intensity.Ecology,76(1):305-308.
GRIGULIS K,CLéMENT J C,2013.Relative contributions of plant traits and soil microbial properties to mountain grassland ecosystem services.Journal of Ecology,101(1):47-57.
HULME P E,2010.Phenotypic plasticity and plant invasions:is it all jack?Functional Ecology,22(1):3-7.
KLEUNEN M,WEBER E,FISCHER M,2010.A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species.Ecology Letters,13(2):235-245.
LAKE J C,LEISHMAN M R,2004.Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems:the role of disturbance,plant attributes and freedom from herbivores.Biological Conservation,117(2):215-226.
LEGAY N,BAXENDALE C,GRIGULIS K,KRAINER U,KASTL E,SCHLOTER M,2014.Contribution of above- and below-ground plant traits to the structure and function of grassland soil microbial communities.Annals of Botany,114(5):1011-1021.
LAUGHLIN D C,2011.Nitrification is linked to dominant leaf traits rather than functional diversity.Journal of Ecology,99(5):1091-1099.
MILCHUNAS D G,LAUENROTH W K,1993.Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments.Ecological Monographs,63(4):328-366.
POWELL A M,1978.Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae).Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden,65(2):590-636.
REICH P B,WALTERS M B,ELLSWORTH D S,1997.From tropics to tundra:global convergence in plant functioning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,94:13730-13734.
RICHARDS C L,BOSSDORF O,MUTH N Z,GUREVITCH J,PIGLIUCCI M,2010.Jack of all trades,master of some?On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions.Ecology Letters,9(8):981-993.
RODERICK M L,BERRY S L,NOBLE I R.2000.A framework for understanding the relationship between environment and vegetation based on the surface area to volume ratio of leaves.Functional Ecology,14(4):423-437.
TU S,SUN J,GUO Z,GU F,2000.On relationship between root exudates and plant nutrition in rhizosphere.Soil & Environmentalences,9:64-67.
WANG H,ZHANG M,SONG Y,LI H,HUANG H,SHAO M,LIU Y,KANG Z H,2018.Carbon dots promote the growth and photosynthesis of mung bean sprouts.Carbon,136:94-102.
WRIGHT I J,REICH P B,ATKIN O K,LUSK C H,TJOELKER M G,WESTOBY M,2006.Irradiance,temperature and rainfall influence leaf dark respiration in woody plants:evidence from comparisons across 20 sites.New Phytologist,169(2):309-319.
WRIGHT I J,REICH P B,WESTOBY M,2001.Strategy shifts in leaf physiology,structure and nutrient content between species of high- and low-rainfall and high- and low-nutrient habitats.Functional Ecology,15(4):423-434.
YANG F,FENG L,LIU Q,WU X,FAN Y,RAZA M A,2018.Effect of interactions between light intensity and red-to-far-red ratio on the photosynthesis of soybean leaves under shade condition.Environmental & Experimental Botany,150:79-87.
ZHANG F J,CHEN F X,LI Q,XU H Y,JIA Y Y,2015.Effects of nitrogen addition on the competition between the invasive species Flaveria bidentis,and two native species.Russian Journal of Ecology,46(4):325-331.
ZHANG F J,LI Q,CHEN F X,XU H Y,INDENJIT,WAN F H,2017.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitate growth and competitive ability of an exotic species Flaveria bidentis.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,115:275-284.
高尚宾,张宏斌,孙玉芳,张国良,2017.植物替代控制3种入侵杂草技术的研究与应用进展.生物安全学报,26(1):18-22.
韩建华,程子林,张思晨,皇甫超河,武克,2014.生物替代技术防控外来入侵植物黄顶菊试验.天津农林科技 (4):1-3.
金可默,2015.作物根系对土壤异质性养分和机械阻力的响应及其调控机制研究.博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学.
刘红梅,皇甫超河,常瑞恒,杨殿林,2012.2种替代植物对黄顶菊入侵土壤养分及酶活性的影响.杂草学报,30(2):24-28.
刘辉,滕爱娣,王琳,邓波,高凯,2016.去叶对不同时期菊芋生物量、株高和生长速率的影响.草地学报,24(4):915-918.
刘建,李钧敏,余华,何维明,于飞海,桑卫国,刘国方,董鸣,2010.植物功能性状与外来植物入侵.生物多样性,18(6):569-576.
吕远,王贵启,郑丽,倪汉文,2011.入侵植物黄顶菊与本地植物的竞争.生态学杂志,30(4):677-681.
马杰,皇甫超河,易津,杨殿林,2011.4种替代植物对黄顶菊入侵土壤养分和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,20(5):805-812.
时翠平,牛树启,王凤茹,2011.外来入侵植物黄顶菊的危害与防控.湖北农业科学,50(10):2008-2010.
魏珍,岳彩鹏,常岳旸,李秋洁,许雪敏,朱世新,2017.入侵植物黄顶菊的繁殖生物学特性.江苏农业科学,45(9):97-100.
翟偲涵,王平,盛连喜,2017.竞争条件下植物功能性状的表型可塑性研究进展.北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(4):538-546.
张风娟,徐兴友,陈凤敏,郭艾英,龙茹,2008.黄顶菊茎叶浸提液对白菜和水稻幼苗化感作用的初步研究.西北植物学报,28(8):1669-1674.
张瑞海,2010.黄顶菊替代植物的筛选及其与黄顶菊竞争效应的研究.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学.
BAXENDALE C,ORWIN K H,POLY F,POMMIER T,BARDGETT R D,2015.Are plant-soil feedback responses explained by plant traits?New Phytologist,204(2):408-423.
CARLUCCI M B,DEBASTIANI V J,PILLAR V D,DUARTE L D,2015.Between-and within-species trait variability and the assembly of sapling communities in forest patches.Journal of Vegetation Science,26(1):21-31.
CORNELISSEN J H C,LAVOREL S,GARNIER E,DíAZ S,BUCHMANN N,GURVICH D E,2003.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide.Australian Journal of Botany,51(4):335.
DE VRIES F T,MANNING P,TALLOWIN J R B,MORTIMER S R,PILHRIM E S,HARRISON K A,2012.Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape-scale patterns in soil microbial communities.Ecology Letters,15:1230-1239.
FENG Y L,LEI Y B,WANG R F,CALLAWAY R M,VALIENTEBANUET A,INDERJIT,2009.Evolutionary tradeoffs for nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis versus cell walls in an invasive plant.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,106:1853-1856.
FENG Y L,2010.Photosynthesis,nitrogen allocation and specific leaf area in invasive Eupatorium adenophorum and native Eupatorium japonicum grown at different irradiances.Plant Physiology,133(2):318-326.
FORNARA D A,TILMAN D D,2008.Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation.Journal of Ecology,96(2):314-322.
FRANSEN B,KROON H D,BERENDSE F,1998.Root morphological plasticity and nutrient acquisition of perennial grass species from habitats of different nutrient availability.Oecologia,115(3):351-358.
GRACE J B,1995.On the measurement of plant competition intensity.Ecology,76(1):305-308.
GRIGULIS K,CLéMENT J C,2013.Relative contributions of plant traits and soil microbial properties to mountain grassland ecosystem services.Journal of Ecology,101(1):47-57.
HULME P E,2010.Phenotypic plasticity and plant invasions:is it all jack?Functional Ecology,22(1):3-7.
KLEUNEN M,WEBER E,FISCHER M,2010.A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species.Ecology Letters,13(2):235-245.
LAKE J C,LEISHMAN M R,2004.Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems:the role of disturbance,plant attributes and freedom from herbivores.Biological Conservation,117(2):215-226.
LEGAY N,BAXENDALE C,GRIGULIS K,KRAINER U,KASTL E,SCHLOTER M,2014.Contribution of above- and below-ground plant traits to the structure and function of grassland soil microbial communities.Annals of Botany,114(5):1011-1021.
LAUGHLIN D C,2011.Nitrification is linked to dominant leaf traits rather than functional diversity.Journal of Ecology,99(5):1091-1099.
MILCHUNAS D G,LAUENROTH W K,1993.Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments.Ecological Monographs,63(4):328-366.
POWELL A M,1978.Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae).Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden,65(2):590-636.
REICH P B,WALTERS M B,ELLSWORTH D S,1997.From tropics to tundra:global convergence in plant functioning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,94:13730-13734.
RICHARDS C L,BOSSDORF O,MUTH N Z,GUREVITCH J,PIGLIUCCI M,2010.Jack of all trades,master of some?On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions.Ecology Letters,9(8):981-993.
RODERICK M L,BERRY S L,NOBLE I R.2000.A framework for understanding the relationship between environment and vegetation based on the surface area to volume ratio of leaves.Functional Ecology,14(4):423-437.
TU S,SUN J,GUO Z,GU F,2000.On relationship between root exudates and plant nutrition in rhizosphere.Soil & Environmentalences,9:64-67.
WANG H,ZHANG M,SONG Y,LI H,HUANG H,SHAO M,LIU Y,KANG Z H,2018.Carbon dots promote the growth and photosynthesis of mung bean sprouts.Carbon,136:94-102.
WRIGHT I J,REICH P B,ATKIN O K,LUSK C H,TJOELKER M G,WESTOBY M,2006.Irradiance,temperature and rainfall influence leaf dark respiration in woody plants:evidence from comparisons across 20 sites.New Phytologist,169(2):309-319.
WRIGHT I J,REICH P B,WESTOBY M,2001.Strategy shifts in leaf physiology,structure and nutrient content between species of high- and low-rainfall and high- and low-nutrient habitats.Functional Ecology,15(4):423-434.
YANG F,FENG L,LIU Q,WU X,FAN Y,RAZA M A,2018.Effect of interactions between light intensity and red-to-far-red ratio on the photosynthesis of soybean leaves under shade condition.Environmental & Experimental Botany,150:79-87.
ZHANG F J,CHEN F X,LI Q,XU H Y,JIA Y Y,2015.Effects of nitrogen addition on the competition between the invasive species Flaveria bidentis,and two native species.Russian Journal of Ecology,46(4):325-331.
ZHANG F J,LI Q,CHEN F X,XU H Y,INDENJIT,WAN F H,2017.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitate growth and competitive ability of an exotic species Flaveria bidentis.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,115:275-284.