大渡河流域土壤侵蚀强度时空变化格局分析
|
摘要
基于大渡河流域的地理国情(地势陡峻,林草地广布),改进了土壤可蚀性因子K、坡度坡长因子LS和植被盖度因子C的提取方法,构建了大渡河流域土壤流失方程,进而分析和探讨了2005—2015年大渡河流域土壤侵蚀时空变化分布格局及其驱动机制。研究结果表明:(1)大渡河流域总体上属于轻度侵蚀,其空间格局表现为小面积的高强度侵蚀,主要分布于中上游地区的高山峡谷地带以及下游的泸定县、九龙县、汉源县、峨边彝族自治县等地区。(2) 2005—2015年,大渡河流域土壤侵蚀变化状况呈现总体稳定,局部加剧的态势。(3)近十年国家退耕还林还草政策的实施有效地改善了流域水土流失状况,然而不合理的人类活动和频繁的地质灾害(特别是地震)极大地加剧了区域土壤侵蚀强度。研究成果可以为西南山区,特别是横断山区的土壤侵蚀量估算提供重要借鉴,对区域水土保持的防治具有重要参考意义。
Based on the geographic conditions,such as steep terrain and widely distributed forest and grassland,the soil loss equation of Dadu River basin was constructed. The quantitative calculations of soil erosion intensity in 2005 and 2015 were conducted,and then the tempo-spatial patterns of soil erosion during 2005 to 2015 and its driving mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that:( 1) The average soil erosions belonged to the level of mild erosion. The soil erosion of severe intensity was concentrated in the area of the upper reaches in the mountain valleys and the lower reaches including Luding County,Jiulong County,Hanyuan County and Leshan City.( 2) During 2005 to 2015,the changes of soil erosion in Dadu River Catchment showed a tendency of overall stability and local intensification.( 3) During the past ten years,the implementation of returning farmland to forest and grasslandpolicy had effectively mitigated soil erosion,however,the unreasonable human activities( such as the steep slope reclamation,extensive cultivation,and deforestation etc.) and frequent geological disasters both greatly exacerbated the soil erosion in the study area. The results can provide an important reference for the estimation of soil erosion in the mountainous areas of Southwest China,especially in Hengduan Mountains and play an important role in the prevention and control of soil and water conservation.
Based on the geographic conditions,such as steep terrain and widely distributed forest and grassland,the soil loss equation of Dadu River basin was constructed. The quantitative calculations of soil erosion intensity in 2005 and 2015 were conducted,and then the tempo-spatial patterns of soil erosion during 2005 to 2015 and its driving mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that:( 1) The average soil erosions belonged to the level of mild erosion. The soil erosion of severe intensity was concentrated in the area of the upper reaches in the mountain valleys and the lower reaches including Luding County,Jiulong County,Hanyuan County and Leshan City.( 2) During 2005 to 2015,the changes of soil erosion in Dadu River Catchment showed a tendency of overall stability and local intensification.( 3) During the past ten years,the implementation of returning farmland to forest and grasslandpolicy had effectively mitigated soil erosion,however,the unreasonable human activities( such as the steep slope reclamation,extensive cultivation,and deforestation etc.) and frequent geological disasters both greatly exacerbated the soil erosion in the study area. The results can provide an important reference for the estimation of soil erosion in the mountainous areas of Southwest China,especially in Hengduan Mountains and play an important role in the prevention and control of soil and water conservation.
引文
[1]王钧,周平,宫清华,等.基于RUSLE的广东南岭土壤侵蚀敏感性研究[J].热带地理,2018,38(3):1-15.
[2]郭兵,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.基于GIS和USLE的汶川地震后理县土壤侵蚀特征及分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):118-126.
[3]胡刚,宋慧,石星军,等.基于RUSLE的卧虎山水库流域土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(4):610-617.
[4]王萌,刘云,宋超,等.基于RUSLE模型的2000-2010年长江三峡库区土壤侵蚀评价[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):12517.
[5]龚雪梅,冯文兰,郑杰,等.岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):69-74.
[6]林慧龙,郑舒婷,王雪璐.基于RUSLE模型的三江源高寒草地土壤侵蚀评价.草业学报,2017,26(7):11-22.
[7]陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[8]齐述华,蒋梅鑫,于秀波.基于遥感和ULSE模型评价1995~2005年江西土壤侵蚀[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1197-1203.
[9]姜琳,李爱农,边金虎,等.岷江上游2000-2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):19-25.
[10]葛永刚,崔鹏,林勇明,等.综合137Cs,RS和GIS的土壤侵蚀评估和预测—以云南小江流域为例[J].遥感学报,2014,18(4):887-901.
[11]程琳,杨勤科,谢红霞,等.基于GIS和CSLE的陕西省土壤侵蚀定量评价方法研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):62-66.
[12]史志华,蔡崇法,丁树文,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的小流域农地水土保持规划研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):172-175.
[13]江忠善,郑粉莉.坡面水蚀预报模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):66-69.
[14]张会刚,姜志玲.大渡河流域开发中水土保持问题研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2):47-49.
[15]刘佳,马振峰,杨淑群,等. 1961~2010年大渡河流域极端降水事件变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12):2167-2176
[16]WISCHMEIER R W H,SMITH D. Predicting rainfall-erosionLosses from cropland east of the rocky mountains[R]. Washington,USA:United States Department of Agriculture,1965.
[17]WISCHMEIER R W H,SMITH D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses—A guide to conservation planning[R].Washington,USA:United States Department of Agriculture,1978.
[18]KINNELL P I A. Event soil loss,runoff and the universal soil loss equation family of models:a review[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2010,385(1/2/3/4):384-397.
[19]刘斌涛,宋春风,史展,等.芦山地震灾区土壤流失方程研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(1):15-19.
[20]杨子生.云南省金沙江流域土壤流失方程研究[J].山地学报,2002,20(1):1-9.
[21]章文波,刘宝元.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89-92.
[22]张宪奎.黑龙江省土壤流失方程应用简介[J].国土与自然资源研究,1995(1):30-32.
[23]刘宝元,毕小刚,付素华.北京土壤流失方程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):43-46.
[25]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):499-509.
[26]ZHANG K L,SHU A P,XU X L,et al.Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soils in China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(6):1002-1011.
[2]郭兵,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.基于GIS和USLE的汶川地震后理县土壤侵蚀特征及分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):118-126.
[3]胡刚,宋慧,石星军,等.基于RUSLE的卧虎山水库流域土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(4):610-617.
[4]王萌,刘云,宋超,等.基于RUSLE模型的2000-2010年长江三峡库区土壤侵蚀评价[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):12517.
[5]龚雪梅,冯文兰,郑杰,等.岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):69-74.
[6]林慧龙,郑舒婷,王雪璐.基于RUSLE模型的三江源高寒草地土壤侵蚀评价.草业学报,2017,26(7):11-22.
[7]陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[8]齐述华,蒋梅鑫,于秀波.基于遥感和ULSE模型评价1995~2005年江西土壤侵蚀[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1197-1203.
[9]姜琳,李爱农,边金虎,等.岷江上游2000-2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):19-25.
[10]葛永刚,崔鹏,林勇明,等.综合137Cs,RS和GIS的土壤侵蚀评估和预测—以云南小江流域为例[J].遥感学报,2014,18(4):887-901.
[11]程琳,杨勤科,谢红霞,等.基于GIS和CSLE的陕西省土壤侵蚀定量评价方法研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):62-66.
[12]史志华,蔡崇法,丁树文,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的小流域农地水土保持规划研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):172-175.
[13]江忠善,郑粉莉.坡面水蚀预报模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):66-69.
[14]张会刚,姜志玲.大渡河流域开发中水土保持问题研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2):47-49.
[15]刘佳,马振峰,杨淑群,等. 1961~2010年大渡河流域极端降水事件变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12):2167-2176
[16]WISCHMEIER R W H,SMITH D. Predicting rainfall-erosionLosses from cropland east of the rocky mountains[R]. Washington,USA:United States Department of Agriculture,1965.
[17]WISCHMEIER R W H,SMITH D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses—A guide to conservation planning[R].Washington,USA:United States Department of Agriculture,1978.
[18]KINNELL P I A. Event soil loss,runoff and the universal soil loss equation family of models:a review[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2010,385(1/2/3/4):384-397.
[19]刘斌涛,宋春风,史展,等.芦山地震灾区土壤流失方程研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(1):15-19.
[20]杨子生.云南省金沙江流域土壤流失方程研究[J].山地学报,2002,20(1):1-9.
[21]章文波,刘宝元.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89-92.
[22]张宪奎.黑龙江省土壤流失方程应用简介[J].国土与自然资源研究,1995(1):30-32.
[23]刘宝元,毕小刚,付素华.北京土壤流失方程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):43-46.
[25]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):499-509.
[26]ZHANG K L,SHU A P,XU X L,et al.Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soils in China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(6):1002-1011.