印尼大珠母贝稚贝对温度、盐度的耐受性
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摘要
在实验室室内控温控盐条件下,采用生态学方法研究印尼大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝水体温度和盐度的耐受性。结果表明,在温度条件中,12、13、14℃低温区为致死温度,稚贝100%死亡分别耗时6、9、12d;15、16、17、18℃低温区及常温组(26~28℃)存活率分别为41.11%、78.91%、91.10%、94.43%和96.67%;受寒致死温度为15.12℃,低温敏感起始点为16℃;36、37、38℃高温区为致死温度,全部稚贝死亡分别耗时8、3、2 d;常温、32、33、34、35℃高温区组存活率分别为96.67%、93.32%、88.91%、73.40%和14.31%;受热致死温度为34.35℃,高温敏感起始点为34℃;存活率在低温端下降更迅速,稚贝对低温更为敏感。在盐度条件中,盐度12低盐组,5 d内稚贝100%死亡,盐度42、45的高盐组,全部稚贝分别在18 d和4 d内死亡,其它盐度组保持存活;适宜及最适生存盐度分别为16.3~39.5和24~33;适宜及最适宜生长盐度分别为13.1~37.8和27;低、高盐敏感起始点分别为盐度21、36。
In order to provide a reference for the Pinctada maxima juvenile in the early breeding on South China Sea, study about tolerance of indonesia P. maxima juveniles(average shell length 6.86 ± 0.32 mm,average shell height 4.71 ± 0.27 mm) in seven low-temperature(12 – 18 ℃) and seven high-temperature(32 – 38 ℃) group with a gradient of 1℃ and twelve salinity(12 – 45) group with a gradient of 3 was carried out by ecological methods in the laboratory controlled temperature and salinity. The results showed that survival rate and growth of indonesia P. maxima juveniles were different in different temperature and salinities. As far as temperature was concerned, larvae all died at the low temperature zone of 12, 13 and 14 centigrade with 6,9 and12 d, respectively; Survival rates of juveniles at 15, 16, 17, 18 centigrade and normal water temperature followed by 41.11 %, 78.91 %, 91.10 %, 94.43 % and 96.67 %; Cold lethal temperature was 15.12 centigrade. Low sensitive starting temperature was 16 centigrade. 36, 37 and 38 centigrade at the high-temperature zone was the lethal temperature. The Juveniles died respectively within 8,3 and 2 d. The survival rates of juveniles at normal water temperature and 15, 16, 17, 18 centigrade followed by 96.67%, 93.32%, 88.91%, 73.40% and 14.31%; Heated lethal temperature was 34.35 centigrade and high sensitive starting temperature was 34 centigrade; The survival rate decreased more rapidly in the low temperature area, and the larvae were more sensitive to low temperature. In terms of salinity, when the salinity was 12, juveniles all died in 5 d and when the salinity was 42 and 45, juveniles died respectively in 18 d and 4 d, Other salinity groups kept partial survival. The suitable and the optimum salinity for survival were 16.83 – 39.5 and 24 – 33 and the suitable and the optimum salinity for the growth of juvenile were 13.1 – 37.8 and 27. The sensitive starting points of low and high temperature were 21 and 36, respectively.
In order to provide a reference for the Pinctada maxima juvenile in the early breeding on South China Sea, study about tolerance of indonesia P. maxima juveniles(average shell length 6.86 ± 0.32 mm,average shell height 4.71 ± 0.27 mm) in seven low-temperature(12 – 18 ℃) and seven high-temperature(32 – 38 ℃) group with a gradient of 1℃ and twelve salinity(12 – 45) group with a gradient of 3 was carried out by ecological methods in the laboratory controlled temperature and salinity. The results showed that survival rate and growth of indonesia P. maxima juveniles were different in different temperature and salinities. As far as temperature was concerned, larvae all died at the low temperature zone of 12, 13 and 14 centigrade with 6,9 and12 d, respectively; Survival rates of juveniles at 15, 16, 17, 18 centigrade and normal water temperature followed by 41.11 %, 78.91 %, 91.10 %, 94.43 % and 96.67 %; Cold lethal temperature was 15.12 centigrade. Low sensitive starting temperature was 16 centigrade. 36, 37 and 38 centigrade at the high-temperature zone was the lethal temperature. The Juveniles died respectively within 8,3 and 2 d. The survival rates of juveniles at normal water temperature and 15, 16, 17, 18 centigrade followed by 96.67%, 93.32%, 88.91%, 73.40% and 14.31%; Heated lethal temperature was 34.35 centigrade and high sensitive starting temperature was 34 centigrade; The survival rate decreased more rapidly in the low temperature area, and the larvae were more sensitive to low temperature. In terms of salinity, when the salinity was 12, juveniles all died in 5 d and when the salinity was 42 and 45, juveniles died respectively in 18 d and 4 d, Other salinity groups kept partial survival. The suitable and the optimum salinity for survival were 16.83 – 39.5 and 24 – 33 and the suitable and the optimum salinity for the growth of juvenile were 13.1 – 37.8 and 27. The sensitive starting points of low and high temperature were 21 and 36, respectively.
引文
[1]姜因萍,何毛贤.大珠母贝的研究概况[J].海洋科学,2009,33(2):92-96.
[2]刘永,焦宗垚,张春芳.温度对大珠母贝滤水率的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2010,30(1):23-26.
[3]蒙钊美,李有宁,邢孔武.珍珠养殖理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:33-36.
[4]杜晓东.大珠母贝外套膜表皮细胞的超微结构[J].动物学报,1999,45(3):246-251.
[5]劳赞,欧春晓,梁盛,等.大珠母贝人工苗育成研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2003,23(4):20-24.
[6]JONES D B,JERRY D R,KHATKAR M S,et al.A high-density SNP genetic linkage map for the silver-lipped pearl oyster,Pinctada maxima:a valuable resource for gene localisation and marker-assisted selection[J].BMC genomics,2013,14:810.
[7]郝博飞,黄桂菊,范嗣刚,等.大珠母贝海区不同深度养殖试验[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(18):155-157.
[8]刘永,张春芳,焦宗垚.大珠母贝对常用饵料摄食及消化能力研究[J].水产养殖,2009,30(10):51-54.
[9]何静平.国家重点保护野生动物名录[J].云南国防,2004(3):48.
[10]杜晓东.3种珍珠贝精子发生及其超微结构的比较研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1996,16(2):1-6.
[11]杜晓东.大珠母贝精子发生超微结构变化的研究[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1996,42(2):219-224.
[12]ROSE R A,BAKER S B.Larval and spat culture of the Western Australian silver-or goldlip pearl oyster,Pinctada maxima Jameson(Mollusca:Pteriidae)[J].Aquaculture,1994,126(1/2):35-50.
[14]谢玉坎,许志坚.大珠母贝幼虫早期的摄食习性[J].动物学报,1980,26(1):80-85.
[15]鄢朝.不同饵料对大珠母贝、葡萄牙牡蛎和马氏珠母贝浮游幼虫生长和存活率的影响及相关机理研究[D].海南:海南大学,2012
[16]梁飞龙,林伟财,邓岳文,等.换水频率和附着基对大珠母贝育苗效果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):33-38.
[17]姜因萍,何毛贤,黄良民,等.两个大珠母贝群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(3):61-65.
[18]柳明,喻达辉,黄桂菊,等.中国海南三亚大珠母贝不同年代种群的遗传变异研究[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(1):26-31.
[19]范嗣刚,黄桂菊,郭奕惠,等.Hg2+和Cd2+对大珠母贝与合浦珠母贝幼贝急性毒性的比较[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(3):351-355.
[20]艾红,李永振,丁彦文.海洋珍珠贝病害研究综述[J].上海水产大学学报,2003,12(1):61-64.
[21]孙宗红,蔡楚珊,刘志刚,等.温度对施獭蛤稚贝的生长和成活的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(1):39-44.
[22]刘志刚,王辉,栗志民,等.墨西哥湾扇贝高起始致死温度的研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(5):778-785.
[23]吕昊泽.缢蛏、光滑河蓝蛤和河蚬对盐度的适应性及碳、氮收支研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[24]栗志民,刘志刚,姚茹,等.温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤幼贝存活与生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(13):3406-3413.
[25]刘超,郭景兰,彭张明,等.施氏獭蛤稚贝对高温和干露的耐受性研究[J].水产科学,2015,34(3):169-173.
[26]刘志刚,刘建勇,王辉,等.墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2006,26(6):12-16.
[27]TETTELBACH S T,RHODES E W.Combined effects of temperature and salinity on embryos and larvae of the northern bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians[J].Marine biology,1981,63(3):249-256.
[28]TALMAGE S C,GOBLER C J.Effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on the growth and survival of larvae and juveniles of three species of northwest Atlantic bivalves[J].PLo S one,2011,6(10):e26941.
[29]刘超,彭张明,黄佳,等.不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响[J].海洋科学,2015,39(12):65-69.
[30]尤仲杰,陆彤霞,马斌,等.几种环境因子对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(3):22-29.
[31]章启忠,刘志刚,王辉.华贵栉孔扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(1):40-43.
[32]彭建华,陈文祥,栾建国,等.温度、p H对二种淡水贝类滤水率的影响[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):2-6.
[33]CHEN J H,MAI K S,MA H M,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen on survival and immune responses of scallop(Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston)[J].Fish&shellfish immunology,2007,22(3):272-281.
[34]陈政强,陈昌生,战文斌.低氧胁迫对九孔鲍免疫防御因子的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(11):1739-1747.
[35]范嗣刚,黄桂菊,刘宝锁,等.盐度与温度对大珠母贝和合浦珠母贝滤水率及摄食率的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(3):61-65.
[36]郝博飞,黄桂菊,喻达辉,等.盐度和饵料种类及浓度对大珠母贝稚贝滤水率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(8):132-134.
[37]CASTAGNA M,CHANLEY P.Salinity tolerance of some marine bivalves from inshore and estuarine environments in Virginia waters on the western mid-Atlantic coast[J].Malacologia,1973,12(1):47-96.
[38]MERCALDO R S,RHODES E W.Influence of reduced salinity on the Atlantic bay scallop Argopecten irradians(Lamarck)at various temperatures[J].Journal of shellfish research,1982,2:177-181.
[39]曹伏君,刘志刚,罗正杰.海水盐度、温度对文蛤稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2545-2550.
[40]何义朝,张福绥,李宝泉.温度对墨西哥湾扇贝胚胎和幼虫发育的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(3):284-289.
[41]尤仲杰,陆彤霞,马斌,等.温度对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].水产科学,2003,22(1):8-10.
[42]尤仲杰,徐善良,边平江,等.海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):108-113.
[43]袁有宪,曲克明,陈聚法,等.栉孔扇贝对环境变化适应性研究-温度对存活、呼吸、摄食及消化的影响[J].中国水产科学,2000,7(3):24-27.
[44]林笔水,吴天明.温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):171-178.
[2]刘永,焦宗垚,张春芳.温度对大珠母贝滤水率的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2010,30(1):23-26.
[3]蒙钊美,李有宁,邢孔武.珍珠养殖理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:33-36.
[4]杜晓东.大珠母贝外套膜表皮细胞的超微结构[J].动物学报,1999,45(3):246-251.
[5]劳赞,欧春晓,梁盛,等.大珠母贝人工苗育成研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2003,23(4):20-24.
[6]JONES D B,JERRY D R,KHATKAR M S,et al.A high-density SNP genetic linkage map for the silver-lipped pearl oyster,Pinctada maxima:a valuable resource for gene localisation and marker-assisted selection[J].BMC genomics,2013,14:810.
[7]郝博飞,黄桂菊,范嗣刚,等.大珠母贝海区不同深度养殖试验[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(18):155-157.
[8]刘永,张春芳,焦宗垚.大珠母贝对常用饵料摄食及消化能力研究[J].水产养殖,2009,30(10):51-54.
[9]何静平.国家重点保护野生动物名录[J].云南国防,2004(3):48.
[10]杜晓东.3种珍珠贝精子发生及其超微结构的比较研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1996,16(2):1-6.
[11]杜晓东.大珠母贝精子发生超微结构变化的研究[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1996,42(2):219-224.
[12]ROSE R A,BAKER S B.Larval and spat culture of the Western Australian silver-or goldlip pearl oyster,Pinctada maxima Jameson(Mollusca:Pteriidae)[J].Aquaculture,1994,126(1/2):35-50.
[14]谢玉坎,许志坚.大珠母贝幼虫早期的摄食习性[J].动物学报,1980,26(1):80-85.
[15]鄢朝.不同饵料对大珠母贝、葡萄牙牡蛎和马氏珠母贝浮游幼虫生长和存活率的影响及相关机理研究[D].海南:海南大学,2012
[16]梁飞龙,林伟财,邓岳文,等.换水频率和附着基对大珠母贝育苗效果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):33-38.
[17]姜因萍,何毛贤,黄良民,等.两个大珠母贝群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(3):61-65.
[18]柳明,喻达辉,黄桂菊,等.中国海南三亚大珠母贝不同年代种群的遗传变异研究[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(1):26-31.
[19]范嗣刚,黄桂菊,郭奕惠,等.Hg2+和Cd2+对大珠母贝与合浦珠母贝幼贝急性毒性的比较[J].海洋环境科学,2014,33(3):351-355.
[20]艾红,李永振,丁彦文.海洋珍珠贝病害研究综述[J].上海水产大学学报,2003,12(1):61-64.
[21]孙宗红,蔡楚珊,刘志刚,等.温度对施獭蛤稚贝的生长和成活的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(1):39-44.
[22]刘志刚,王辉,栗志民,等.墨西哥湾扇贝高起始致死温度的研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(5):778-785.
[23]吕昊泽.缢蛏、光滑河蓝蛤和河蚬对盐度的适应性及碳、氮收支研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[24]栗志民,刘志刚,姚茹,等.温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤幼贝存活与生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(13):3406-3413.
[25]刘超,郭景兰,彭张明,等.施氏獭蛤稚贝对高温和干露的耐受性研究[J].水产科学,2015,34(3):169-173.
[26]刘志刚,刘建勇,王辉,等.墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2006,26(6):12-16.
[27]TETTELBACH S T,RHODES E W.Combined effects of temperature and salinity on embryos and larvae of the northern bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians[J].Marine biology,1981,63(3):249-256.
[28]TALMAGE S C,GOBLER C J.Effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on the growth and survival of larvae and juveniles of three species of northwest Atlantic bivalves[J].PLo S one,2011,6(10):e26941.
[29]刘超,彭张明,黄佳,等.不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响[J].海洋科学,2015,39(12):65-69.
[30]尤仲杰,陆彤霞,马斌,等.几种环境因子对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(3):22-29.
[31]章启忠,刘志刚,王辉.华贵栉孔扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(1):40-43.
[32]彭建华,陈文祥,栾建国,等.温度、p H对二种淡水贝类滤水率的影响[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(6):2-6.
[33]CHEN J H,MAI K S,MA H M,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen on survival and immune responses of scallop(Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston)[J].Fish&shellfish immunology,2007,22(3):272-281.
[34]陈政强,陈昌生,战文斌.低氧胁迫对九孔鲍免疫防御因子的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(11):1739-1747.
[35]范嗣刚,黄桂菊,刘宝锁,等.盐度与温度对大珠母贝和合浦珠母贝滤水率及摄食率的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(3):61-65.
[36]郝博飞,黄桂菊,喻达辉,等.盐度和饵料种类及浓度对大珠母贝稚贝滤水率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(8):132-134.
[37]CASTAGNA M,CHANLEY P.Salinity tolerance of some marine bivalves from inshore and estuarine environments in Virginia waters on the western mid-Atlantic coast[J].Malacologia,1973,12(1):47-96.
[38]MERCALDO R S,RHODES E W.Influence of reduced salinity on the Atlantic bay scallop Argopecten irradians(Lamarck)at various temperatures[J].Journal of shellfish research,1982,2:177-181.
[39]曹伏君,刘志刚,罗正杰.海水盐度、温度对文蛤稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2545-2550.
[40]何义朝,张福绥,李宝泉.温度对墨西哥湾扇贝胚胎和幼虫发育的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(3):284-289.
[41]尤仲杰,陆彤霞,马斌,等.温度对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].水产科学,2003,22(1):8-10.
[42]尤仲杰,徐善良,边平江,等.海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):108-113.
[43]袁有宪,曲克明,陈聚法,等.栉孔扇贝对环境变化适应性研究-温度对存活、呼吸、摄食及消化的影响[J].中国水产科学,2000,7(3):24-27.
[44]林笔水,吴天明.温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):171-178.