运输应激对小尾寒羊行为及生理的影响
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摘要
为探讨运输应激对舍饲小尾寒羊行为及生理的影响,选取体况相近的8只健康成年小尾寒羊公羊,对运输前后24 h内日常行为(运输前6月13日11:00至6月14日11:00,运输后6月15日11:00至6月16日11:00)按6个时段进行观察,各时段分别为11:10～11:30 (1时段)、15:10～15:30 (2时段)、19:10～19:30 (3时段)、23:10～23:30 (4时段)、03:10～03:30 (5时段)、07:10～07:30 (6时段);利用目标动物取样法观察各时段内静立等行为;分别于运输前1 d、运输途中、运输后1 d及运输后3 d颈静脉采血,测定血液离子及相关生化指标。结果表明:运输明显改变小尾寒羊行为。运输后小尾寒羊静立、移动、采食、探究和观望等行为1、2、3时段增加,而4、5、6时段降低;卧息行为3时段极显著低于运输前,而5、6时段则极显著高于运输前;反刍行为1、2、3、5时段显著低于运输前;修饰行为则运输后变少且1、3、4、5、6时段极显著低于运输前。运输也显著影响小尾寒羊的生理指标,与运输前相比,运输后1 d小尾寒羊血液生长激素显著增加;血糖在运输途中显著降低,其他血液代谢物无显著变化。总体而言,运输应激明显影响小尾寒羊行为和生理内分泌,且显著改变小尾寒羊行为日节律。
To study the effects of transport stress on behavior and physiology of Small-tail Han sheep in house, 8 healthy adult rams which had similar body condition were selected to study the behavioral patterns during 24 hours before and after transportation(from 11:00 a.m. on June 13 to 11:00 a.m. on June 14 before transportation and from 11 a.m. on June 15 to 11 a.m. on June 16 after transportation) which were divided into six time buckets: 11:10-11:30(time 1), 15:10-15:30(time 2), 19:10-19:30(time 3), 23:10-23:30(time 4), 03:10-03:30(time 5), and 07:10-07:30(time 6). Focal sampling and continuous recording were used to study the behavioral pattern(standing, etc) during every time bucket. Animals were collected blood by jugular venipuncture and the blood ions and related metabolites were measured 1 day before, during, 1 day and 3 days after transportation. The results showed that transportation significantly changed the behavior of Small-tail Han sheep. After transportation, the standing, walking, foraging, exploring and looking first increased during time 1, 2, 3 and then decreased during time 4, 5, 6, the lying decreased significantly during time 3(P<0.01), and then increased significantly during time 5 and 6(P<0.01). Ruminating and grooming were all reduced after transportation and there were significant differences during time 1, 2, 3, 5(P<0.05) and during time 1, 3, 4, 5, 6(P<0.01) respectively. Transport also significantly affected the physiological parameters of Small-tail Han sheep:Compared to that before transportation,the blood GH of Small-tail Han sheep during 1 day after transportation significantly increased(P<0.05),while the blood GLU significantly decreased during the whole transportation(P<0.05),and no significant changes were observed in other blood metabolites.In short,transport stress can significantly affect the behavioral and physiological patterns,and change the daily behavior rhythm of Small-tail Han sheep.
To study the effects of transport stress on behavior and physiology of Small-tail Han sheep in house, 8 healthy adult rams which had similar body condition were selected to study the behavioral patterns during 24 hours before and after transportation(from 11:00 a.m. on June 13 to 11:00 a.m. on June 14 before transportation and from 11 a.m. on June 15 to 11 a.m. on June 16 after transportation) which were divided into six time buckets: 11:10-11:30(time 1), 15:10-15:30(time 2), 19:10-19:30(time 3), 23:10-23:30(time 4), 03:10-03:30(time 5), and 07:10-07:30(time 6). Focal sampling and continuous recording were used to study the behavioral pattern(standing, etc) during every time bucket. Animals were collected blood by jugular venipuncture and the blood ions and related metabolites were measured 1 day before, during, 1 day and 3 days after transportation. The results showed that transportation significantly changed the behavior of Small-tail Han sheep. After transportation, the standing, walking, foraging, exploring and looking first increased during time 1, 2, 3 and then decreased during time 4, 5, 6, the lying decreased significantly during time 3(P<0.01), and then increased significantly during time 5 and 6(P<0.01). Ruminating and grooming were all reduced after transportation and there were significant differences during time 1, 2, 3, 5(P<0.05) and during time 1, 3, 4, 5, 6(P<0.01) respectively. Transport also significantly affected the physiological parameters of Small-tail Han sheep:Compared to that before transportation,the blood GH of Small-tail Han sheep during 1 day after transportation significantly increased(P<0.05),while the blood GLU significantly decreased during the whole transportation(P<0.05),and no significant changes were observed in other blood metabolites.In short,transport stress can significantly affect the behavioral and physiological patterns,and change the daily behavior rhythm of Small-tail Han sheep.
引文
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[17] 侯芳,徐新龙,侯宇,等.阿哈尔捷金马对长途运输的应激反应研究 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(11):3156-3162.
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[20] 李妍,高艳霞,许利民,等.长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1234-1240.
[21] KANNAN G,TERRILL T H,KOUAKOU B,et al.Transportation of goats:effects on physiological stress responses and live weight loss [J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(6):1450-1457.
[2] 谢京君,李前勇,张德志,等.运输应激对动物机体影响的研究现状 [J].四川畜牧兽医,2014,41(1):35-37.
[3] 贾幼陵.动物福利概论 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[4] KENT J E.Stress in transported sheep [J].Comparative Haematology International,1997,7(3):163-166.
[5] 王国艮,吴鑫,孟庆翔,等.运输应激对反刍动物机体功能及肉品质影响的研究进展 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):755-760.
[6] PASCUAL-ALONSO M,MIRANDA-DE LA LAMA G C,AGUAYO-ULLOA L,et al.Thermophysiologica,haematological,biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road [J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(3):541-551.
[7] 俞明远,王利利,马彤辉,等.运输应激对大鼠行为、血清皮质酮及下丘脑视上核nNOS 表达的影响 [J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):81-86.
[8] 包军.家畜行为学 [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:11.
[9] NIELSEN B L,DYBKJER L,HERSKIN M S.Road transport of farm animals:effects of journey duration on animal welfare [J].Animal,2011,5(3):415-427.
[10] WARRISS P D,BROWN S N,KNOWLES T G,et al.Effects on cattle of transport by road for up to 15 hours [J].The Veterinary Record,1995,136(13):319-323.
[11] 许利凡,贺丛,王绿林,等.运输应激对夏南牛血清促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇、白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的影响 [J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(8):88-90.
[12] NWE T M,HORI E,MANDA M.Significance of catecholamines and cortisol levels in blood during transportation stress in goats [J].Small Ruminant Research,1996,20:129-135.
[13] 曲月秀,石照应,余荣权,等.运输应激对山羊血液生化指标的影响 [J].中国农学通报,2013,29(20):36-38.
[14] 邓红雨,范佳英,郑立,等.短途运输对宰前肉牛血液指标和维持行为的影响 [J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(1):73-76.
[15] FAZIO E,MEDICA P,ALBERGHINA D,et al.Effect of long-distance road transport on thyroid and adrenal function and haematocrit values in Limousin cattle:influence of body weight decrease [J].Veterinary Research Communications,2005,29(8):713-719.
[16] 韩瑾瑾,杨高丰,张凯韩,等.夏南牛运输前后生理指标和血液指标的对比研究 [J].动物医学进展,2011,32(3):121-124.
[17] 侯芳,徐新龙,侯宇,等.阿哈尔捷金马对长途运输的应激反应研究 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(11):3156-3162.
[18] 邓红雨.公路运输条件下牛的运输应激反应研究 [D].河南农业大学,2013.
[19] BECERRIL-HERRERA M,ALONSO-SPILSBURY M,ORTEGA M E T,et al.Changes in blood constituents of swine transported for 8 or 16 h to an Abattoir [J].Meat Science,2010,86(4):945-948.
[20] 李妍,高艳霞,许利民,等.长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1234-1240.
[21] KANNAN G,TERRILL T H,KOUAKOU B,et al.Transportation of goats:effects on physiological stress responses and live weight loss [J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(6):1450-1457.