新疆西昆仑造山带康西瓦含绿柱石白云母伟晶岩的地质特征与年代学研究
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摘要
新疆康西瓦-大红柳滩伟晶岩带是西昆仑造山带重要的LCT型稀有金属伟晶岩矿床密集区,其中康西瓦绿柱石白云母伟晶岩和大红柳滩锂辉石伟晶岩分别为矿带内具代表性的伟晶岩型铍矿床和锂矿床。该矿带受自然条件所限,研究程度不高。现有的对矿带中伟晶岩的研究主要针对大红柳滩岩体及大红柳滩锂矿床的地球化学及成岩成矿时代,获得的成岩成矿年龄为220～210Ma,而对于康西瓦铍矿的研究成果很少。笔者在野外地质调研的基础上,总结了康西瓦铍矿床的地质特征,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,获得康西瓦绿柱石白云母伟晶岩结晶年龄为(209±4.4)Ma,与大红柳滩锂辉石伟晶岩及大红柳滩岩体形成时代一致,反映了三者为同一期岩浆活动产物。同时康西瓦伟晶岩中锆石还记录了200Ma左右经历了一次热液活动和160Ma左右的变质作用。前人利用白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法获得康西瓦伟晶岩的年龄为185～156Ma,明显年轻于该地区岩体与伟晶岩中锆石、锡石及铌钽铁矿的U-Pb年龄,可能为康西瓦伟晶岩遭受变质作用使白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素体系发生热扰动所致。
The Kangxiwar-Dahongliutan pegmatite field is an important area with abundant LCT family rare-metal pegmatites in the West Kunlun Orogen.The Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite and Dahongliutan spodumene pegmatites are the representative beryllium deposit and lithium deposit,respectively in this pegmatite field.Previous studies were focused on the Dahongliutan granitic pluton and lithium deposits that were formed at 220～210 Ma in the Dahongliutan area.Nevertheless,there are few studies on the Kangxiwar pegmatite.Based on the field observation,this study summarizes geological features of the Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite and presents the latest zircon U-Pb dating results.According to our dating results,the crystallization age of the Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite is(209±4.4)Ma,which is consistent with the ages of the Dahongliutan spodumene pegmatite and Dahongliutan granitic pluton,indicating that theberyl-bearing muscovite pegmatite,spodumene pegmatites and granite were likely the products of the same magmatic event.In addition,the zircon from the Kangxiwar pegmatite also has recorded a hydrothermal event around 200 Ma and a metamorphic event at～160 Ma.Based on muscovite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating,previous studies suggested that the age of the Kangxiwar pegmatite is 185～156 Ma.The reported ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar age is significantly younger than the crystallization ages of the beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite,granitic pluton and spodumene pegmatites that had been obtained using U-Pb dating of zircon,cassiterite and columbite,but it is comparable to the age of the metamorphic zircon in this study,which suggested that the muscovite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar Ar isotope system of the Kangxiwar pegmatite underwent thermal disturbance due to the metamorphic event in the Kangxiwar-Dahongliutan pegmatite field.
The Kangxiwar-Dahongliutan pegmatite field is an important area with abundant LCT family rare-metal pegmatites in the West Kunlun Orogen.The Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite and Dahongliutan spodumene pegmatites are the representative beryllium deposit and lithium deposit,respectively in this pegmatite field.Previous studies were focused on the Dahongliutan granitic pluton and lithium deposits that were formed at 220～210 Ma in the Dahongliutan area.Nevertheless,there are few studies on the Kangxiwar pegmatite.Based on the field observation,this study summarizes geological features of the Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite and presents the latest zircon U-Pb dating results.According to our dating results,the crystallization age of the Kangxiwar beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite is(209±4.4)Ma,which is consistent with the ages of the Dahongliutan spodumene pegmatite and Dahongliutan granitic pluton,indicating that theberyl-bearing muscovite pegmatite,spodumene pegmatites and granite were likely the products of the same magmatic event.In addition,the zircon from the Kangxiwar pegmatite also has recorded a hydrothermal event around 200 Ma and a metamorphic event at～160 Ma.Based on muscovite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating,previous studies suggested that the age of the Kangxiwar pegmatite is 185～156 Ma.The reported ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar age is significantly younger than the crystallization ages of the beryl-bearing muscovite pegmatite,granitic pluton and spodumene pegmatites that had been obtained using U-Pb dating of zircon,cassiterite and columbite,but it is comparable to the age of the metamorphic zircon in this study,which suggested that the muscovite ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar Ar isotope system of the Kangxiwar pegmatite underwent thermal disturbance due to the metamorphic event in the Kangxiwar-Dahongliutan pegmatite field.
引文
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潘裕生,王毅,PH.Matte,P.Tapponnier.青藏高原叶城-狮泉河路线地质特征及区域构造演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(04):295-307.PAN Yusheng,WANG Yi,PH.Matte,et al.Tectonic evolution along the geotraverse from Yecheng to Shiquanhe[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1994,68(04):295-307.
彭素霞,程建新,丁建刚,等.阿尔泰阿拉尔岩体周缘花岗岩序列与伟晶岩成因关系探讨[J].西北地质,2015,48(3):202-213.PENG Suxia,CHENG Jianxin,DING Jiangang,et al.Relationship between the Sequences of Granite around Alar Biotite Granite and Pegmatite Causes,Altay,Xinjiang[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(3):202-213.
乔耿彪,张汉德,伍跃中,等.西昆仑大红柳滩岩体地质和地球化学特征及对岩石成因的制约[J].地质学报,2015,89(7):1180-1194.QIAO Gengbiao,ZHANG Hande,WU Yuezhong,et al.Petrogenesis of the Dahongliutan Monzogranite in Western Kunlun:Constraints from SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(7):1180-1194.
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王登红,邹天人,徐志刚,等.伟晶岩矿床示踪造山过程的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):614-620.WANG Denghong,ZOU Tianren,XU Zhigang,et al.Advance in the study of using pegmatite deposits as the tracer of orogenic process[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(4):614-620.
王核,李沛,马华东,等.新疆和田县白龙山超大型伟晶岩型锂铷多金属矿床的发现及其意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2017,41(6):1053-1062.WANG He,LI Pei,MA Huadong,et al.Discovery of the Bailongshan Superlarge Lithium-Rubidium Deposit in Karakorum,Hetian,Xinjiang,and its Prospecting Implication[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2017,41(6):1053-1062.
赵振华,包志伟,乔玉楼.一种特殊的“M”与“W”复合型稀土元素四分组效应:以水泉沟碱性正长岩为例[J].科学通报,2010,55(15):1474-1488.ZHAO Zhenhua,BAO Zhiwei,QIAO Yulou.A peculiar composite M-and W-type REE tetrad effect:Evidence from the Shuiquangou alkaline syenite complex,Hebei Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(15):1474-1488.
周兵,孙义选,孔德懿.新疆大红柳滩地区稀有金属矿成矿地质特征及找矿前景[J].四川地质学报,2011,31(3):288-292.ZHOU Bing,SUN Yixuan,KONG Deyi.Geological Features and Prospecting Potential of Rare Metallic Deposits in the Dahongliutan Region,Xinjiang[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2011,31(3):288-292.
朱焕巧,李卫红,恵争卜,等.陕西丹凤三角地区花岗伟晶岩铀-稀有元素矿化特征及成矿作用分析[J].西北地质,2015,48(1):172-178.ZHU Huanqiao,LI Weihong,HUI Zhengpu,et al.Mineralization Characteristics andMetallogenesis of Granitic Pegmatite Uranium and Other Rare Metals in the Danfeng Triangle Area,Shanxi[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(1):172-178.
BERSHAW J,GARZIONE CN,SCHOENBOHM L,et al.Cenozoic evolution of the Pamir plateau based on stratigraphy,zircon provenance,and stable isotopes of foreland basin sediments at Oytag(Wuyitake)in the Tarim Basin(west China)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,44:136-148.
CERNY P.Fertile granites of Precambrian rare-element pegmatite fields:is geochemistry controlled by tectonic setting or source lithologies?[J].Precambrian Research,1991,51(1-4):429-468.
CORFU F.Atlas of zircon textures[J].Rev Mineral,2003,53(1):469-500.
DAVIS D W,KROGH T E,WILLIAMS I S.Historical Development of Zircon Geochronology[M].The Biochemical development of the fetus and neonate,Elsevier Biomedical Press,2003,145-181.
FU B,MERNAGH T P,KITA N T,et al.Distinguishing magmatic zircon from hydrothermal zircon:A case study from the Gidginbung high-sulphidation Au-Ag-Cu deposit,SE Australia[J].Chemical Geology,2009,259(3-4):131-142.
GEISLER T,SCHALTEGGER U,Tomaschek F.Re-equilibration of Zircon in Aqueous Fluids and Melts[J].Elements,2007,3(1):43-50.
HACKER B R,RATSCHBACHER L,WEBB L,et al.U/Pb zircon ages constrain the architecture of the ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Dabie Orogen,China[J].Earth Planet.sci.lett,1998,161(1-4):215-230.
HOSKIN P W O.Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of Hadean zircon from the Jack Hills,Australia[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(3):637-648.
HOSKIN P W O,IRELAND T R.Rare earth element chemistry of zircon and its use as a provenance indicator[J].Geology,2000,28(7):627.
JIA RY,JIANG YH,LIU Z,et al.Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of earlySilurian high-K calc-alkaline granites and their potassic microgranular enclaves,western Kunlun orogen,NW Tibetan Plateau[J].International Geology Review,2012,18(1):958-975.
KEAY S,STEELE D,Compston W.Identifying granite sources by SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology:an application to the Lachlan foldbelt[J].Contributions to Mineralogy&Petrology,1999,137(4):323-341.
LONDON D.Pegmatite[M].Canadian:Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication,2008,300-368.
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