广州市4类水源水中耐热大肠菌群监测结果分析
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摘要
目的对2013-2018年广州市4类水源水中的耐热大肠菌群指标进行分析,研究不同季度、不同年份水源水中耐热大肠菌群的变化规律,为水厂调整工艺提供科学依据。方法使用Excel软件对2013-2018年广州市市市政水厂和自建水厂水源水中的耐热大肠菌群数据进行整理,使用SPSS 20. 0软件对数据进行分析。结果 2013-2018年XJ、BJ、DJ和LXH 4个水域的耐热大肠菌群平均值分别为1. 2×104、1. 5×104、1. 75×104和1. 75×105个/L,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42. 33,P <0. 01),且均超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)的Ⅲ类1×104个/L的水质标准。XJ耐热大肠菌群值第三季度>第二季度>第一季度>第四季度(χ2=51. 159,P <0. 01)。XJ、BJ、DJ和LXH耐热大肠菌群合格率分别为40. 6%、29. 2%、25. 0%和0. 0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15. 959,P <0. 01),XJ第二、三季度耐热大肠菌群合格率低于第一季度和第四季度(P <0. 01)。各水源水各年份间的合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=8. 202,P> 0. 05)。结论 LXH与其余江水相比较,受粪便污染程度相对较重,相关部门应高度重视,XJ丰水期的耐热大肠菌群检出最高,夏秋季应重点加强水源防护,水厂应根据季节不同及时调整水消毒工艺。
Objective We analyzed the index of thermotoletant coliform bacteria in Guangzhou source water from 2013 to2018. To study the change rule of thermotoletant coliform bacteria in different seasons and years,and provide scientific basis for water plants to adjust process. Methods The data of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in the source water from GZ municipal and self-built waterworks between 2013 to 2018 were collected by Excel and analyzed by SPSS 20. 0. Results The average thermotolerant coliform bacteria counts detected from the source water in XJ,BJ,DJ and LXH districts were 1. 2 × 104,1. 5 × 104,1. 75 × 104 and 1. 75 × 105/L respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 42. 33,P < 0. 01). The monitoring results were all exceeding 1. 0 × 104/L,the standard limit for the grade III of water qualify in the Surface Water Environmental Quality( GB 3838-2002). The detection rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ in the different quarters were the third quarter > the second quarter > the first quarter > the fourth quarter( χ2= 51. 159,P < 0. 01). The qualified rates of XJ,BJ,DJ and LXH were 40. 6%,29. 2%,25. 0% and 0. 0% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=15. 959,P < 0. 01). The qualified rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ in the second and third quarters was lower than that in the first and the fourth quarters( P < 0. 01). There was no statistical differences in the qualified rate between years of each water source( χ2= 8. 202,P > 0. 05). Conclusion Comparing to other districts,the contamination of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in source water in LHX district by feces was more serious,which relevant departments should attach great importance to. The detection rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ district in wet season was the highest. Therefore,we should focus on strengthening water protection in summer and autumn. Moreover,water plants should adjust the water disinfection process according to different seasons.
Objective We analyzed the index of thermotoletant coliform bacteria in Guangzhou source water from 2013 to2018. To study the change rule of thermotoletant coliform bacteria in different seasons and years,and provide scientific basis for water plants to adjust process. Methods The data of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in the source water from GZ municipal and self-built waterworks between 2013 to 2018 were collected by Excel and analyzed by SPSS 20. 0. Results The average thermotolerant coliform bacteria counts detected from the source water in XJ,BJ,DJ and LXH districts were 1. 2 × 104,1. 5 × 104,1. 75 × 104 and 1. 75 × 105/L respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2= 42. 33,P < 0. 01). The monitoring results were all exceeding 1. 0 × 104/L,the standard limit for the grade III of water qualify in the Surface Water Environmental Quality( GB 3838-2002). The detection rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ in the different quarters were the third quarter > the second quarter > the first quarter > the fourth quarter( χ2= 51. 159,P < 0. 01). The qualified rates of XJ,BJ,DJ and LXH were 40. 6%,29. 2%,25. 0% and 0. 0% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=15. 959,P < 0. 01). The qualified rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ in the second and third quarters was lower than that in the first and the fourth quarters( P < 0. 01). There was no statistical differences in the qualified rate between years of each water source( χ2= 8. 202,P > 0. 05). Conclusion Comparing to other districts,the contamination of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in source water in LHX district by feces was more serious,which relevant departments should attach great importance to. The detection rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria in XJ district in wet season was the highest. Therefore,we should focus on strengthening water protection in summer and autumn. Moreover,water plants should adjust the water disinfection process according to different seasons.
引文
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[14]贾忠建,乔屹华,年志红,等.平凉市2009-2011年农村生活饮用水监测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,24(4):380-381.
[15]夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[2]邱春梅,解忠雷,王洋.快速定量检测大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌方法[J].现代仪器与医疗,2015,21(1):70-73.
[3]李仁道,何金德.东乡县城污水中耐热大肠菌群的耐药性检测与分析[J].实验与检验医学,2011,29(6):650-651.
[4]孙启明,郑仁淑,李援,等.东北地区某流域河流污染指示菌调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(5):409-411.
[5]许晶.纸片法快速检测生活饮用水中总大肠菌群的探讨[J].临床检验杂志(电子版),2017,6(1):109-110.
[6]谌志强,王新为,金敏,等.珠江水域微生物的分布特征[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(10):913-916.
[7]张敬平,沈元,林玉娣,等.城市综合污水排放粪大肠菌群污染现况调查[J].医学动物防制,2004,20(6):382-383.
[8]何士方,李月欢,方昌勇,等.某市医院污水粪大肠杆菌检测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2018,17(2):312-313.
[9]赵鑫.生活饮用水与水源水微生物检验结果分析[J].临床医药文献电子杂志,2016,3(26):5290-5292.
[10]徐婧.刍议生活饮用水与水源水微生物的检验结果[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(S1):301-302.
[11]潘新明. 332份农村饮用井水总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群污染状况分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(6):60-61.
[12]詹丽.钱塘江(杭州段)粪大肠菌群污染现状研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2011,21(11):2770-2772.
[13]任金法.饮用水水源污染对人体健康的威胁及安全饮水的对策[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2009,19(4):942-944.
[14]贾忠建,乔屹华,年志红,等.平凉市2009-2011年农村生活饮用水监测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,24(4):380-381.
[15]夏青,陈艳卿,刘宪兵.水质基准与水质标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.