百合部分种及品种系统进化关系的EST-SSR标记分析
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摘要
从新开发的百合 EST-SSR 标记引物中筛选了 19 对多态性较高的引物,对百合 22 个原生种和 74 个品种进行了标记分析,依据各样品间的 Jaccard’s遗传距离,用 MEGA 5.05 构建系统树,并用主坐标分析对试验样品进行类群划分。系统树显示:原产中国的原生种首先分化为两个类群:类群Ⅰ包括卷丹(Lilium lancifolium)、渥丹(L. concolor)、毛百合(L. dauricum)、川百合(L. davidii)、大花卷丹(L.leichtlinii var. maximowiczii)、大花百合(L. concolor var. megalanthum)、淡黄花百合(L. sulphureum)、山丹(L. pumilum)、百合(L. brownii var. viridulum)、兰州百合(L. davidi var. unicdor)等,其中一些为亚洲百合杂种系的起源亲本及麝香百合杂种系的亲本,推测由这些种杂交衍生出亚洲百合杂种系、麝香百合杂种系及 LA 系;类群Ⅱ包括宜昌百合(L. leucanthum)、湖北百合(L. henryi)、岷江百合(L. regale)等喇叭百合杂种系及东方百合杂种系的亲本,分别衍生出喇叭百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系及 OT 系,与已有文献记载基本相符。用 NTSYS-pc 2.11a 作主坐标分析,结果将供试材料分为亚洲百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系、OT 系、LA 系、原生种等类群,与已知分类关系基本相符。
Expressed sequence tag derived simple sequence repeat(EST-SSR)markers for Lilium were developed and 19 polymorphic EST-SSR markers were selected to assess the phylogenetic relationships of 22 Lilium species and 74 cultivars.Phylogenetic diagram was constructed using MEGA 5.05 based on Jaccard's genetic distance data,and principal coordinate analysis was performed to heterotic grouping of 96 accessions.The phylogenetic diagram showed that the species originated from China were first divided into two groups:GroupⅠincluded Lilium lancifolium,L.concolor,L.dauricum,L.davidii,L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii,L.concolor var.megalanthum,L.sulphureum,L.pumilum,L.brownii var.viridulum,L.davidi var.unicdor,et al.Some of them were parents of Asiatic hybrids or Longiflorum hybrids,from which derived Asiatic hybrids,Longiflorum hybrids and LA hybrids;GroupⅡ included L.leucanthum,L.henryi,L.regale,et al.Some of them were parents of Oriental hybrids or Trumpet hybrids,from which derived Oriental hybrids,Trumpet hybrids and OT hybrids.The results mainly agreed with previous study and recorded evolutionary process of Lilium.Principal coordinate analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc2.11a.Ninety-six accessions were divided into several separate groups:Asiatic hybrids,Oriental hybrids,OT,LA and species,which in accord with known classification.
Expressed sequence tag derived simple sequence repeat(EST-SSR)markers for Lilium were developed and 19 polymorphic EST-SSR markers were selected to assess the phylogenetic relationships of 22 Lilium species and 74 cultivars.Phylogenetic diagram was constructed using MEGA 5.05 based on Jaccard's genetic distance data,and principal coordinate analysis was performed to heterotic grouping of 96 accessions.The phylogenetic diagram showed that the species originated from China were first divided into two groups:GroupⅠincluded Lilium lancifolium,L.concolor,L.dauricum,L.davidii,L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii,L.concolor var.megalanthum,L.sulphureum,L.pumilum,L.brownii var.viridulum,L.davidi var.unicdor,et al.Some of them were parents of Asiatic hybrids or Longiflorum hybrids,from which derived Asiatic hybrids,Longiflorum hybrids and LA hybrids;GroupⅡ included L.leucanthum,L.henryi,L.regale,et al.Some of them were parents of Oriental hybrids or Trumpet hybrids,from which derived Oriental hybrids,Trumpet hybrids and OT hybrids.The results mainly agreed with previous study and recorded evolutionary process of Lilium.Principal coordinate analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc2.11a.Ninety-six accessions were divided into several separate groups:Asiatic hybrids,Oriental hybrids,OT,LA and species,which in accord with known classification.
引文
Beek J G,Verkerk R,Zabel P,Lindhout P. 1992. Mapping strategy for resistance genes in tomato based on RFLPs between cultivars:Cf9(resistanceto Cladosporium fulvum)on chromosome 1. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,84 (1):106-112.
Bowcock A,Ruiz-Linares A,Tomfohrde J,Minch E,Kidd J,Cavalli-Sforza L L. 1994. High resolution of human evolutionary trees withpolymorphic microsatellites. Nature,368 (6470):455-457.
Charlesworth B,Sniegowski P,Stephan W. 1994. The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes. Nature,371 (15):215-220.
Chen Li-jun,Ma Hong,Zuo Kai-jing,Tang Ke-xuan,Tang Dong-qin,Zeng Li. 2009. Genetic diversity analysis of Lilium spp. germplasms by RAPD.Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University:Agricultural Science,27 (5):475-479. (in Chinese)陈郦俊,马 虹,左开井,唐克轩,唐东芹,曾 丽. 2009. 利用 RAPD 标记分析百合种质的遗传多样性. 上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,27 (5):475-479.
Chen Quan-qiu,Zhan Xian-jin,Lan Jia-yang,Huang Yun,Fu Jia-ping. 2010. Study progress on application of EST(Expressed Sequence Tags)in the functional genomics. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,26 (3):59-63. (in Chinese)陈全求,詹先进,蓝家样,黄 云,符家平. 2010. EST 分子标记在基因组学中应用的研究进展. 中国农学通报,26 (3):59-63.
Comber H F. 1949. A new classification of the genus Lilium. Lily Yearbook. Royal Horticultural Society,13:85-105.
Dubouzet J,Shinoda K. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of Japanese Lilium species. Theoretical and AppliedGenetics,98 (6):954-960.
Edward A M. 1998. Lilies—A guide for growers and collectors. Portland,Oregon:Timber Press Inc:105-270.
Eujayl I,Sledge M K,Wang L,May G D,Chekhovskiy K,Zwonitzer J C,Mian M A R. 2004. Medicago truncatula EST-SSRs reveal cross-speciesgenetic markers for Medicago spp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,108 (3):414-422.
Huang Y,Li F,Chen K. 2010. Analysis of diversity and relationships among Chinese orchid cultivars using EST-SSR markers. BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology,38 (1):93-102.
Ikinci N,Oberprieler C,Guner A. 2006. On the origin of European lilies:Phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus(Liliaceae)usingsequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers. Willdenowia-Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem,36(2):647-656.
Lee J,Lee P,Lim Y,Shin E,Roh M S. 1994. Classification of lilies using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)analysis. Acta Horticulturae,414:137-144.
Lee S I,Park K C,Song Y S,Son J H,Kwon S J,Na J K,Kim J H,Kim N S. 2011. Development of expressed sequence tag derived-simple sequencerepeats in the genus Lilium. Genes & Genomics,33 (6):727-733.
Leigh F,Lea V,Law J,Wolters P,Powell W,Donini P. 2003. Assessment of ESTand genomic microsatellite markers for variety discriminationand genetic diversity studies in wheat. Euphytica,133 (3):359-366.
Li Ya-ling,Han Guo-min,He Sha-e,Zhang Zhi-jun. 2007. A new strategy for construction of phylogenetic tree based on DNA molecular mark data.China Journal of Bioinformatics,4 (6):168-170. (in Chinese)李亚玲,韩国民,何沙娥,张智俊. 2007. 基于 DNA 分子标记数据构建系统进化树的新策略. 生物信息学,4 (6):168-170.
Long Ya-yi,Zhang Jin-zheng. 1998. The conservation and utilization of lily plant resources. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,7 (1):40-44. (in Chinese)龙雅宜,张金政. 1998. 百合属植物资源的保护与利用. 植物资源与环境学报,7 (1):40-44.
Long Ya-yi,Zhang Jin-zheng,Zhang Lan-nian. 1999. Lilium—king of the bulbs. Beijing:Jindun Press:34-111. (in Chinese)龙雅宜,张金政,张兰年. 1999. 百合——球根花卉之王. 北京:金盾出版社:34-111.
Luo Feng-xia,Li Yu,Shen Xiang-qun,Ming Jun,Guan Jing-zhu. 2008. Taxonomic status of a wild species of lily based on molecular marker. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,39 (6):669-672. (in Chinese)罗凤霞,李 雨,沈向群,明 军,关婧竹. 2008. 利用分子标记探讨丹东一种野百合的分类地位. 沈阳农业大学学报,39 (6):669-672.
Nishikawa T,Okazaki K,Nagamine T. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships among Lilium auratum lindley,L. auratum var. platyphyllum Baker and L.rubellum Baker based on three spacer regions in chloroplast DNA. Breeding Science,52 (3):207-213.
Rohlf F J. 2002. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. NTSYS version 2.11a. New York:Applied Biostatistics Inc.
Saha M,Mian M,Eujayl I,Zwonitzer J,Wang L,May G. 2004. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers with transferability across several grass species.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,109 (4):783-791.
Sun G,Bond M,Nass H,Martin R,Dong Z. 2003. RAPD polymorphisms in spring wheat cultivars and lines with different level of Fusariumresistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,106 (6):1059-1067.
Sun J X,Mullikin J C,Patterson N,Reich D E. 2009. Microsatellites are molecular clocks that support accurate inferences about history. MolecularBiology and Evolution,26 (5):1017-1027.
Sun Ming-wei,Yuan Su-xia,Xu You-ming,Liu Chun,Ming Jun. 2011. Genetic relationship of some Lilium species and cultivars based on SRAPmarker. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38 (8):1498-1506. (in Chinese)孙明伟,袁素霞,徐有明,刘 春,明 军. 2011. 基于 SRAP 标记的百合部分种及品种遗传结构分析. 园艺学报,38 (8):1498-1506.
Tamura K,Peterson D,Peterson N,Stecher G,Nei M,Kumar S. 2011. MEGA 5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximumlikelihood,evolutionary distance,and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution,28 (10):2731-2739.
Wu Xue-wei,Cui Guang-fen,Wu Li-fang,Zhang Yi-ping,Ming Jun,Wang Jie,Wang Ji-hua. 2009. Identification of ISSR in lily hybrids. ActaHorticulturae Sinica,30 (5):749-754. (in Chinese)吴学尉,崔光芬,吴丽芳,张艺萍,明 军,王 杰,王继华. 2009. 百合杂交后代的 ISSR 鉴定. 园艺学报,30 (5):749-754.
Wu Zhu-hua. 2008. Research on genetic relationship of Lilium species and conservation genetics of L. regale[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing:NanjingForestry University. (in Chinese)吴祝华. 2008. 百合属部分种亲缘关系与岷江百合群体遗传结构研究[博士论文]. 南京:南京林业大学.
Yang Su-li,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Mu Ding,Li Ming-yang. 2008a. Data mining for simple sequence repeats marker development in expressedsequence tags from Lilium L. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,35 (7):1069-1074. (in Chinese)杨素丽,明 军,刘 春,穆 鼎,李名扬. 2008a. 基于 EST 信息的百合 SSR 标记的建立. 园艺学报,35 (7):1069-1074.
Yang Su-li,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Mu Ding,Li Ming-yang. 2008b. Optimization of SSR-PCR amplification on Lilium//Chinese annual review offlower bulbs 2008. Beijing:China Agriculture Press:127-132. (in Chinese)杨素丽,明 军,刘 春,穆 鼎,李名扬. 2008b. 百合 SSR 反应体系的优化//中国园艺学会球根花卉年报 2008. 北京:中国农业出版社:127-132.
Yang Xin-quan,Liu Peng,Han Zong-fu,Ni Zhong-fu,Liu Wang-qing,Sun Qi-xin. 2005. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity revealed bygenomic-SSR,EST-SSR and pedigreein wheat(Triticum asetivum L.). Acta Genetica Sinica,32 (4):406-416. (in Chinese)杨新泉,刘 鹏,韩宗福,倪中福,刘旺清,孙其信. 2005. 普通小麦 Genomic-SSR 和 EST-SSR 分子标记遗传差异及其与系谱遗传距离的比较研究. 遗传学报,32 (4):406-416.
Zhang Cai-xia,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Zhao Hai-tao,Wang Chun-cheng. 2008. Phenotypic variation of natural populations in Lilium regale Wilson.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,35 (8):1183-1188. (in Chinese)张彩霞,明 军,刘 春,赵海涛,王春城. 2008. 岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性. 园艺学报,35 (8):1183-1188.
Zhang Ke-zhong,Jia Yue-hui,Zhao Xiang-yun,Zhang Qi-xiang. 2006. Genetic relationship among some accessions of wild lilies native to China viaRAPD. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,34 (6):43-45. (in Chinese)张克中,贾月慧,赵祥云,张启翔. 2006. 部分中国野生百合亲缘关系的 RAPD 分析. 东北林业大学学报,34 (6):43-45.
Zhang Ke-zhong,Jia Yue-hui,Zhang Qi-xiang,Wang Jie-qiong. 2008. Genetic relationship among several wild lilies native to China via AFLPtechnique. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,36 (2):19-22. (in Chinese)张克中,贾月慧,张启翔,王洁琼. 2008. 部分中国野生百合亲缘关系的 AFLP 技术分析. 东北林业大学学报,36 (2):19-22.
Zhao Qing-fang,Ma Shi-rong,Zheng Xiao-ying,Li Qiao-xia,Cui Yan. 2005. RAPD analysis of Lilium cultivar resources. Journal of LanzhouUniversity:Natural Sciences,41 (2):30-33. (in Chinese)赵庆芳,马世荣,曾小英,李巧峡,崔 艳. 2005. 百合栽培品种资源的 RAPD 分析. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版,41 (2):30-33.
Bowcock A,Ruiz-Linares A,Tomfohrde J,Minch E,Kidd J,Cavalli-Sforza L L. 1994. High resolution of human evolutionary trees withpolymorphic microsatellites. Nature,368 (6470):455-457.
Charlesworth B,Sniegowski P,Stephan W. 1994. The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes. Nature,371 (15):215-220.
Chen Li-jun,Ma Hong,Zuo Kai-jing,Tang Ke-xuan,Tang Dong-qin,Zeng Li. 2009. Genetic diversity analysis of Lilium spp. germplasms by RAPD.Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University:Agricultural Science,27 (5):475-479. (in Chinese)陈郦俊,马 虹,左开井,唐克轩,唐东芹,曾 丽. 2009. 利用 RAPD 标记分析百合种质的遗传多样性. 上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,27 (5):475-479.
Chen Quan-qiu,Zhan Xian-jin,Lan Jia-yang,Huang Yun,Fu Jia-ping. 2010. Study progress on application of EST(Expressed Sequence Tags)in the functional genomics. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,26 (3):59-63. (in Chinese)陈全求,詹先进,蓝家样,黄 云,符家平. 2010. EST 分子标记在基因组学中应用的研究进展. 中国农学通报,26 (3):59-63.
Comber H F. 1949. A new classification of the genus Lilium. Lily Yearbook. Royal Horticultural Society,13:85-105.
Dubouzet J,Shinoda K. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of Japanese Lilium species. Theoretical and AppliedGenetics,98 (6):954-960.
Edward A M. 1998. Lilies—A guide for growers and collectors. Portland,Oregon:Timber Press Inc:105-270.
Eujayl I,Sledge M K,Wang L,May G D,Chekhovskiy K,Zwonitzer J C,Mian M A R. 2004. Medicago truncatula EST-SSRs reveal cross-speciesgenetic markers for Medicago spp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,108 (3):414-422.
Huang Y,Li F,Chen K. 2010. Analysis of diversity and relationships among Chinese orchid cultivars using EST-SSR markers. BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology,38 (1):93-102.
Ikinci N,Oberprieler C,Guner A. 2006. On the origin of European lilies:Phylogenetic analysis of Lilium section Liriotypus(Liliaceae)usingsequences of the nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacers. Willdenowia-Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem,36(2):647-656.
Lee J,Lee P,Lim Y,Shin E,Roh M S. 1994. Classification of lilies using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)analysis. Acta Horticulturae,414:137-144.
Lee S I,Park K C,Song Y S,Son J H,Kwon S J,Na J K,Kim J H,Kim N S. 2011. Development of expressed sequence tag derived-simple sequencerepeats in the genus Lilium. Genes & Genomics,33 (6):727-733.
Leigh F,Lea V,Law J,Wolters P,Powell W,Donini P. 2003. Assessment of ESTand genomic microsatellite markers for variety discriminationand genetic diversity studies in wheat. Euphytica,133 (3):359-366.
Li Ya-ling,Han Guo-min,He Sha-e,Zhang Zhi-jun. 2007. A new strategy for construction of phylogenetic tree based on DNA molecular mark data.China Journal of Bioinformatics,4 (6):168-170. (in Chinese)李亚玲,韩国民,何沙娥,张智俊. 2007. 基于 DNA 分子标记数据构建系统进化树的新策略. 生物信息学,4 (6):168-170.
Long Ya-yi,Zhang Jin-zheng. 1998. The conservation and utilization of lily plant resources. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,7 (1):40-44. (in Chinese)龙雅宜,张金政. 1998. 百合属植物资源的保护与利用. 植物资源与环境学报,7 (1):40-44.
Long Ya-yi,Zhang Jin-zheng,Zhang Lan-nian. 1999. Lilium—king of the bulbs. Beijing:Jindun Press:34-111. (in Chinese)龙雅宜,张金政,张兰年. 1999. 百合——球根花卉之王. 北京:金盾出版社:34-111.
Luo Feng-xia,Li Yu,Shen Xiang-qun,Ming Jun,Guan Jing-zhu. 2008. Taxonomic status of a wild species of lily based on molecular marker. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,39 (6):669-672. (in Chinese)罗凤霞,李 雨,沈向群,明 军,关婧竹. 2008. 利用分子标记探讨丹东一种野百合的分类地位. 沈阳农业大学学报,39 (6):669-672.
Nishikawa T,Okazaki K,Nagamine T. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships among Lilium auratum lindley,L. auratum var. platyphyllum Baker and L.rubellum Baker based on three spacer regions in chloroplast DNA. Breeding Science,52 (3):207-213.
Rohlf F J. 2002. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. NTSYS version 2.11a. New York:Applied Biostatistics Inc.
Saha M,Mian M,Eujayl I,Zwonitzer J,Wang L,May G. 2004. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers with transferability across several grass species.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,109 (4):783-791.
Sun G,Bond M,Nass H,Martin R,Dong Z. 2003. RAPD polymorphisms in spring wheat cultivars and lines with different level of Fusariumresistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,106 (6):1059-1067.
Sun J X,Mullikin J C,Patterson N,Reich D E. 2009. Microsatellites are molecular clocks that support accurate inferences about history. MolecularBiology and Evolution,26 (5):1017-1027.
Sun Ming-wei,Yuan Su-xia,Xu You-ming,Liu Chun,Ming Jun. 2011. Genetic relationship of some Lilium species and cultivars based on SRAPmarker. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38 (8):1498-1506. (in Chinese)孙明伟,袁素霞,徐有明,刘 春,明 军. 2011. 基于 SRAP 标记的百合部分种及品种遗传结构分析. 园艺学报,38 (8):1498-1506.
Tamura K,Peterson D,Peterson N,Stecher G,Nei M,Kumar S. 2011. MEGA 5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximumlikelihood,evolutionary distance,and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution,28 (10):2731-2739.
Wu Xue-wei,Cui Guang-fen,Wu Li-fang,Zhang Yi-ping,Ming Jun,Wang Jie,Wang Ji-hua. 2009. Identification of ISSR in lily hybrids. ActaHorticulturae Sinica,30 (5):749-754. (in Chinese)吴学尉,崔光芬,吴丽芳,张艺萍,明 军,王 杰,王继华. 2009. 百合杂交后代的 ISSR 鉴定. 园艺学报,30 (5):749-754.
Wu Zhu-hua. 2008. Research on genetic relationship of Lilium species and conservation genetics of L. regale[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing:NanjingForestry University. (in Chinese)吴祝华. 2008. 百合属部分种亲缘关系与岷江百合群体遗传结构研究[博士论文]. 南京:南京林业大学.
Yang Su-li,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Mu Ding,Li Ming-yang. 2008a. Data mining for simple sequence repeats marker development in expressedsequence tags from Lilium L. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,35 (7):1069-1074. (in Chinese)杨素丽,明 军,刘 春,穆 鼎,李名扬. 2008a. 基于 EST 信息的百合 SSR 标记的建立. 园艺学报,35 (7):1069-1074.
Yang Su-li,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Mu Ding,Li Ming-yang. 2008b. Optimization of SSR-PCR amplification on Lilium//Chinese annual review offlower bulbs 2008. Beijing:China Agriculture Press:127-132. (in Chinese)杨素丽,明 军,刘 春,穆 鼎,李名扬. 2008b. 百合 SSR 反应体系的优化//中国园艺学会球根花卉年报 2008. 北京:中国农业出版社:127-132.
Yang Xin-quan,Liu Peng,Han Zong-fu,Ni Zhong-fu,Liu Wang-qing,Sun Qi-xin. 2005. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity revealed bygenomic-SSR,EST-SSR and pedigreein wheat(Triticum asetivum L.). Acta Genetica Sinica,32 (4):406-416. (in Chinese)杨新泉,刘 鹏,韩宗福,倪中福,刘旺清,孙其信. 2005. 普通小麦 Genomic-SSR 和 EST-SSR 分子标记遗传差异及其与系谱遗传距离的比较研究. 遗传学报,32 (4):406-416.
Zhang Cai-xia,Ming Jun,Liu Chun,Zhao Hai-tao,Wang Chun-cheng. 2008. Phenotypic variation of natural populations in Lilium regale Wilson.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,35 (8):1183-1188. (in Chinese)张彩霞,明 军,刘 春,赵海涛,王春城. 2008. 岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性. 园艺学报,35 (8):1183-1188.
Zhang Ke-zhong,Jia Yue-hui,Zhao Xiang-yun,Zhang Qi-xiang. 2006. Genetic relationship among some accessions of wild lilies native to China viaRAPD. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,34 (6):43-45. (in Chinese)张克中,贾月慧,赵祥云,张启翔. 2006. 部分中国野生百合亲缘关系的 RAPD 分析. 东北林业大学学报,34 (6):43-45.
Zhang Ke-zhong,Jia Yue-hui,Zhang Qi-xiang,Wang Jie-qiong. 2008. Genetic relationship among several wild lilies native to China via AFLPtechnique. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,36 (2):19-22. (in Chinese)张克中,贾月慧,张启翔,王洁琼. 2008. 部分中国野生百合亲缘关系的 AFLP 技术分析. 东北林业大学学报,36 (2):19-22.
Zhao Qing-fang,Ma Shi-rong,Zheng Xiao-ying,Li Qiao-xia,Cui Yan. 2005. RAPD analysis of Lilium cultivar resources. Journal of LanzhouUniversity:Natural Sciences,41 (2):30-33. (in Chinese)赵庆芳,马世荣,曾小英,李巧峡,崔 艳. 2005. 百合栽培品种资源的 RAPD 分析. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版,41 (2):30-33.