大菱鲆幼鱼对玉米蛋白粉中营养物质的表观消化率及添加胆汁酸和酶制剂对其产生的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究大菱鲆幼鱼对玉米蛋白粉中干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸和总能的表观消化率,以及在玉米蛋白粉中分别添加胆汁酸(纯度≥30%)和酶制剂[中性蛋白酶(1×105 U/g)和木瓜蛋白酶(4×105 U/g)组成的复合酶,二者活性比为2∶1]对其营养物质表观消化率的影响。首先配制基础饲料,试验饲料由70%的基础饲料和30%的待测蛋白质源[未进行任何处理的玉米蛋白粉(CGM)、添加胆汁酸的玉米蛋白粉(CGMB)和添加酶制剂的玉米蛋白粉(CGME)]组成。所有饲料均添加0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。将初始体重为(13.00±0.01)g大菱鲆幼鱼随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼,分别投喂相应饲料2周后采用后肠挤压法收集粪便。养殖周期为10周。结果表明:3种不同处理形式的玉米蛋白粉中干物质、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸、总能的表观消化率分别为25.99%~43.34%、48.62%~60.72%、48.41%~67.67%、35.07%~52.34%,且总氨基酸与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致。其中,大菱鲆幼鱼对CGMB中各营养物质的表观消化率均最高,显著高于CGM和CGME(P<0.05),且CGMB中干物质、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸、总能的表观消化率较CGM分别提高了17.35%、12.10%、19.26%、17.27%;大菱鲆幼鱼对CGME中各营养物质的表观消化率也得到改善,其干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、总能的表观消化率较CGM分别提高了9.53%、4.37%、4.29%、12.25%,效果显著(P<0.05)。由结果可知,添加胆汁酸和酶制剂均能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼对玉米蛋白粉中营养物质的表观消化率。
This experiment was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients(ADCs)of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),amino acid(AA)and gross energy(GE)of corn gluten meal,and the effects of adding bile acid(purity≥30%)and enzyme preparation[compound enzyme which was composed of neutral protease(1×105 U/g)and papain(4×105 U/g),and the activity ratio of them was 2∶1]on ADCs of nutrients in corn gluten meal.A basal diet was prepared firstly,and then the test diets were prepared which contained 70% basal diet and 30% test feed ingredients[untreated corn gluten meal(CGM),corn gluten meal supplemented with bile acid(CGMB),and corn gluten meal supplemented with enzyme preparation(CGME)].All diets were added 0.1% yttrium trioxide as an exogenous indicator.Juvenile turbot with the average body weight of(13.00±0.01)g were randomly divided into 4groups with 3replicates in each group and 40 fish in each replicate.The fish in different group were fed with the corresponding diet,and fecal samples were collected with the method of squeezing the hindgut after 2weeks.The feeding period was 10 weeks.The results showed that the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of three protein sources were 25.99%to 43.34%,48.62%to 60.72%,48.41%to 67.67%,and 35.07%to 52.34%,respectively.The ADC of total AA of each protein source presented the similar tendency with the ADC of CP.CGMB showed the highest ADCs of all nutrients for juvenile turbot,which were significantly higher than those of CGM and CGME(P<0.05),and the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of CGMBwere increased by 17.35%,12.10%,19.26% and 17.27%,respectively,compared with CGM;the ADCs of all nutrients of CGMEfor juvenile turbot were also improved,the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of CGMB were increased by 9.53%,4.37%,4.29% and 12.25%,respectively,compared with CGM,and the effects were significant(P<0.05).The results indicate that adding bile acid and enzyme preparation all contribute to the improvement of ADCs of nutrients of corn gluten meal for juvenile turbot.
This experiment was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients(ADCs)of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),amino acid(AA)and gross energy(GE)of corn gluten meal,and the effects of adding bile acid(purity≥30%)and enzyme preparation[compound enzyme which was composed of neutral protease(1×105 U/g)and papain(4×105 U/g),and the activity ratio of them was 2∶1]on ADCs of nutrients in corn gluten meal.A basal diet was prepared firstly,and then the test diets were prepared which contained 70% basal diet and 30% test feed ingredients[untreated corn gluten meal(CGM),corn gluten meal supplemented with bile acid(CGMB),and corn gluten meal supplemented with enzyme preparation(CGME)].All diets were added 0.1% yttrium trioxide as an exogenous indicator.Juvenile turbot with the average body weight of(13.00±0.01)g were randomly divided into 4groups with 3replicates in each group and 40 fish in each replicate.The fish in different group were fed with the corresponding diet,and fecal samples were collected with the method of squeezing the hindgut after 2weeks.The feeding period was 10 weeks.The results showed that the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of three protein sources were 25.99%to 43.34%,48.62%to 60.72%,48.41%to 67.67%,and 35.07%to 52.34%,respectively.The ADC of total AA of each protein source presented the similar tendency with the ADC of CP.CGMB showed the highest ADCs of all nutrients for juvenile turbot,which were significantly higher than those of CGM and CGME(P<0.05),and the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of CGMBwere increased by 17.35%,12.10%,19.26% and 17.27%,respectively,compared with CGM;the ADCs of all nutrients of CGMEfor juvenile turbot were also improved,the ADCs of DM,CP,total AA and GE of CGMB were increased by 9.53%,4.37%,4.29% and 12.25%,respectively,compared with CGM,and the effects were significant(P<0.05).The results indicate that adding bile acid and enzyme preparation all contribute to the improvement of ADCs of nutrients of corn gluten meal for juvenile turbot.
引文
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[2]MILLAMENA O M.Replacement of fish meal by animal by-product meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinephelus coioides[J].Aquaculture,2002,204(1/2):75-84.
[3]周歧存,麦康森,刘永坚,等.动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展[J].水产学报,2005,29(3):404-410.
[4]GOMES E F,REMA P,KAUSHIK S J.Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss:digestibility and growth performance[J].Aquaculture,1995,130(2/3):177-186.
[5]SHIMENO S,MASUMOTO T,HUJITA T,et al.Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young yellowtail[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1993,59(1):137-143.
[6]KIKUCHI K.Partial replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal in diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1999,30(3):357-363.
[7]BALLESTRAZZI R,LANARI D,D’AGARO E,et al.The effect of dietary protein level and source on growth,body composition,total ammonia and reactive phosphate excretion of growing sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquaculture,1994,127(2/3):197-206.
[8]PEREIRA T G,OLIVA-TELES A.Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.)juveniles[J].Aquaculture Research,2003,34(13):1111-1117.
[9]刘兴旺,麦康森,艾庆辉,等.玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(3):466-472.
[10]华雪铭,王军,韩斌,等.玉米蛋白粉在水产饲料中应用的研究进展[J].水产学报,2011,35(4):627-635.
[11]唐胜球,董小英,孙德文.饲用添加剂胆汁酸的最新研究进展[J].广东饲料,2009,18(1):32-35.
[12]胡田恩,王玲,张春晓,等.饲料中添加胆汁酸对牛蛙生长性能、体组成和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(4):677-685.
[13]REINHART G A,MAHAN D C,CERA K R.Effect of group size and feeding regimen on nutrient digestibility studies with weanling pigs[J].Journal of animal science,1989,67(10):2684-2691.
[14]BEDFORD M R.Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,86(1/2):1-13.
[15]陈建明,叶金云,许尧兴,等.饲料中添加中性蛋白酶对青鱼生长、消化及鱼体组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(4):726-731.
[16]刘文斌,周岩民.饵料中添加酶制剂对异育银鲫消化和增重的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(3):57-60.
[17]刘善庭,王永军,田秀娥.酶制剂对羔羊玉米蛋白粉表观消化率的影响[J].饲料广角,2007(12):42-44.
[18]陈列芹,张泽英.玉米多肽的制备[J].粮食与饲料工业,2009(9):24-26.
[19]FORSTER I.A note on the method of calculating digestibility coefficients of nutrients provided by single ingredients to feeds of aquatic animals[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,1999,5(2):143-145.
[20]游文章,雍文岳,廖朝兴,等.测定鱼类饲料原料营养成分消化率的计算方法[J].水产学报,1993,17(2):167-171.
[21]CHO C Y,SLINGER S J,BAYLEY H S.Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes:energy intake,expenditure and productivity[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1982,73(1):25-41.
[22]AUSTRENG E.Digestibility determination in fish using chromic oxide marking and analysis of contents from different segments of the gastrointestinal tract[J].Aquaculture,1978,13(3):265-272.
[23]HAJEN W E,BEAMES R M,HIGGS D A,et al.Digestibility of various feed stuffs by post-juvenile Chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)in sea water:1.Validation of technique[J].Aquaculture,1993,112(4):321-332.
[24]NOSE T.On the digestion of food proteins by goldfish(Carassius auratus L.)and rainbow trout(Salmo irideus G.)[J].Bulletin of Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory,1960,10:11-22.
[25]REIGH R C,BRADEN S L,CRAIG R J.Apparent digestibility coefficients for common feed stuffs in formulated diets for red swamp crayfish,Procambarusclarkii[J].Aquaculture,1990,84(3/4):321-334.
[26]WEI Y J,HE G,MAI K S,et al.Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maxima L.)[J].Israeli Journal of Aquaculture,2015,67:1173-1181.
[27]杨传哲,何艮,周慧慧,等.大菱鲆幼鱼对几种蛋白质源中营养物质的表观消化率及膨化处理对其产生的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(7):2045-2054.
[28]LEE S M.Apparent digestibility coefficients of various feed ingredients for juvenile and grower rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)[J].Aquaculture,2002,207(1/2):79-95.
[29]SUGIURA S H,DONG F M,RATHBONE C K,et al.Apparent protein digestibility and mineral availabilities in various feed ingredients for salmonid feeds[J].Aquaculture,1998,159(3/4):177-202.
[30]ZHOU Q C,TAN B P,MAI K S,et al.Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1/2/3/4):441-451.
[31]梁丹妮.建鲤(Cpyrinus carpio var.Jian)对18种饲料原料营养物质的表观消化率研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[32]韩斌,周洪琪,华雪铭.凡纳滨对虾对玉米蛋白粉表观消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2009,30(4):24-25.
[33]周兴华,向枭,陈建.银鲈对六种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率[J].西南农业学报,2003,16(3):90-93.
[34]明建华,叶金云,张易祥,等.青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(10):2050-2058.
[35]TIBBETTS S M,MILLEY J E,LALL S P.Apparent protein and energy digestibility of common and alternative feed ingredients by Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua(Linnaeus,1758)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(4):1314-1327.
[36]PORTZ L,CYRINO J E P.Digestibility of nutrients and amino acids of different protein sources in practical diets by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides(Lacepéde,1802)[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(4):312-320.
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