高植物蛋白质饲料中添加丁酸钠对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及肝脏抗氧化功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究高植物蛋白质饲料中添加丁酸钠对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及肝脏抗氧化功能的影响,探索提高水产饲料中植物蛋白质替代鱼粉比例的可行性方法。以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、谷朊粉、花生粕和啤酒酵母为蛋白质源,鱼油、椰子油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,小麦粉为糖源,配制5种等氮等能的试验饲料。其中,以含60%鱼粉的基础饲料为阳性对照组(FM组),以复合植物蛋白质源替代基础饲料中50%鱼粉的替代饲料为阴性对照组(CON组),以在替代饲料中分别添加0.15%(D1组)、0.30%(D2组)和0.60%(D3组)丁酸钠的饲料为试验组。用上述5种试验饲料分别饲喂初始体重为(13.00±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼58d,试验在室内养殖系统中进行,每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明:1)随着丁酸钠添加水平的增加,大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中FM、D1和D2组增重率、饲料效率和特定生长率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),而各组间摄食率无显著差异(P>0.05);除D2组脏体比与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其他各组的脏体比均显著低于FM组(P<0.05);各组全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)D1组干物质表观消化率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05);D1组蛋白质表观消化率显著高于CON、D2和D3组(P<0.05),与FM组无显著差异(P>0.05);D2和D3组之间干物质和蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)D2组肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05),肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,高植物蛋白质饲料中添加0.15%的丁酸钠能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和肝脏抗氧化功能,过量添加丁酸钠会降低大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能。
In this study,a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of sodium butyrate in high plant protein diets on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients and liver antioxidant function of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),and to explore the feasible method for improving substitution of fish meal by plant protein.Using fish meal,soybean meal,corn gluten meal,vital gluten,peanut meal and beer yeast as protein sources,fish oil,coconut oil and soybean lecithin as lipid sources,and wheat meal as carbohydrate source,five isonitrogen and isocaloric experimental diets were formulated.Among them,the basal diet formulated with 60%fish meal was set as the positive control group(FM group),the substituted diet which used mixed plant protein sources to replace 50% fish meal was set as the negative control group(CON group),and the other three diets which were supplemented with 0.15%(D1group),0.30%(D2group)and 0.60%(D3group)sodium butyrate into the substituted diet,respectively,were set as the experimental groups.Each diet was assigned to three replicates of 30 juvenile turbot with an initial body weight of(13.00±0.01)g for 58 days in an indoor aquaculture system.The results showed as follows:1)with the increase of sodium butyrate supplemental level,the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and feed efficiency(FE)were increased firstly and decreased subsequently.The WGR,SGR and FE in FM,D1 and D2groups were significantly higher than those in CON group(P<0.05),while no significant difference in feed intake(FI)was observed among groups(P>0.05).For the viscerosomatic index(VSI),compared with FM group,the D2 group had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the other group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).No significant differences in whole fish moisture,crude protein and crude lipid contents were observed among groups(P>0.05).2)The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter in D1 group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05),while it showed no significant difference between the D1 and FM groups(P>0.05).For the apparent digestibility coefficient of protein,D1 group was significantly higher than that in CON,D2 and D3groups(P<0.05),but no significant differences were showed between the D1 and FM groups(P>0.05).No significant difference in the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were observed between the D2 and D3 groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with the CON group,liver total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity in D2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),but the liver malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In conclusion,under this experimental condition,adding 0.15% sodium butyrate in the high plant protein diets can improve the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients and liver antioxidant function of juvenile turbot,but excessive adding sodium butyrate will decrease the growth performance of juvenile turbot.
In this study,a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of sodium butyrate in high plant protein diets on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients and liver antioxidant function of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),and to explore the feasible method for improving substitution of fish meal by plant protein.Using fish meal,soybean meal,corn gluten meal,vital gluten,peanut meal and beer yeast as protein sources,fish oil,coconut oil and soybean lecithin as lipid sources,and wheat meal as carbohydrate source,five isonitrogen and isocaloric experimental diets were formulated.Among them,the basal diet formulated with 60%fish meal was set as the positive control group(FM group),the substituted diet which used mixed plant protein sources to replace 50% fish meal was set as the negative control group(CON group),and the other three diets which were supplemented with 0.15%(D1group),0.30%(D2group)and 0.60%(D3group)sodium butyrate into the substituted diet,respectively,were set as the experimental groups.Each diet was assigned to three replicates of 30 juvenile turbot with an initial body weight of(13.00±0.01)g for 58 days in an indoor aquaculture system.The results showed as follows:1)with the increase of sodium butyrate supplemental level,the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and feed efficiency(FE)were increased firstly and decreased subsequently.The WGR,SGR and FE in FM,D1 and D2groups were significantly higher than those in CON group(P<0.05),while no significant difference in feed intake(FI)was observed among groups(P>0.05).For the viscerosomatic index(VSI),compared with FM group,the D2 group had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the other group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).No significant differences in whole fish moisture,crude protein and crude lipid contents were observed among groups(P>0.05).2)The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter in D1 group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05),while it showed no significant difference between the D1 and FM groups(P>0.05).For the apparent digestibility coefficient of protein,D1 group was significantly higher than that in CON,D2 and D3groups(P<0.05),but no significant differences were showed between the D1 and FM groups(P>0.05).No significant difference in the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were observed between the D2 and D3 groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with the CON group,liver total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity in D2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),but the liver malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In conclusion,under this experimental condition,adding 0.15% sodium butyrate in the high plant protein diets can improve the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients and liver antioxidant function of juvenile turbot,but excessive adding sodium butyrate will decrease the growth performance of juvenile turbot.
引文
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[8]YUN B,MAI K S,ZHANG W B,et al.Effects of dietary cholesterol on growth performance,feed intake and cholesterol metabolism in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)fed high plant protein diets[J].Aquaculture,2011,319(1/2):105-110.
[9]LIU Y Z,HE G,WANG Q C,et al.Hydroxyproline supplementation on the performances of high plant protein source based diets in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J].Aquaculture,2014,433:476-480.
[10]BURRELLS C,WILLIAMS P D,SOUTHGATE P J,et al.Dietary nucleotides:a novel supplement in fish feeds:2.Effects on vaccination,salt water transfer,growth rates and physiology of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture,2001,199(1/2):171-184.
[11]李丹丹,冯国强,钮海华,等.丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):307-313.
[12]LIU M M,GUO W,WU F,et al.Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate may benefit growth performance and intestinal function in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,doi:10.1111/are.13230.
[13]CLAUS R,GUNTHNER D,LETZGUΒH.Effects of feeding fat-coated butyrate on mucosal morphology and function in the small intestine of the pig[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(7/8):312-318.
[14]PIVA A,PIZZAMIGLIO V,MORLACCHINI M,et al.Lipid microencapsulation allows slow release of organic acids and natural identical flavors along the swine intestine[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(2):486-493.
[15]杨传哲,何艮,周慧慧,等.大菱鲆幼鱼对几种蛋白质源中营养物质的表观消化率及膨化处理对其产生的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(7):2045-2054.
[16]HASSANIN A,TONY M A,SAWIRESS F A R,et al.Influence of dietary supplementation of coated sodium butyrate and/or synbiotic on growth performances,caecal fermentation,intestinal morphometry and metabolic profile of growing rabbits[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,7(2):9752-9760.
[17]PIVA A,MORLACCHINI M,CASADEI G,et al.Sodium butyrate improves growth performance of weaned piglets during the first period after weaning[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2002,1(1):35-41.
[18]TEROVA G,DIAZ N,RIMOLDI S,et al.Effects of sodium butyrate treatment on histone modifications and the expression of genes related to epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and immune response in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)fed a plant-based diet[J].PLoS One,2016,11(7):e0160332.
[19]张淞琳,常建波,叶继丹,等.丁酸钠对美洲鳗鲡摄食、生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].福建农业学报,2011,26(4):549-551.
[20]ROBLES R,LOZANO A B,SEVILLA L,et al.Effect of partially protected butyrate used as feed additive on growth and intestinal metabolism in sea bream(Sparus aurata)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2013,39(6):1567-1580.
[21]翟秋玲,张春晓,孙云章,等.三丁酸甘油酯和甘露寡糖对菊黄东方鲀生长性能、体组成及肠道健康指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2197-2208.
[22]AHMED H A,SADEK K M.Impact of dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate and/or protexin on the growth performance,some blood parameters,and immune response of Oreochromis niloticus[J].International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research,2015,3(4):985-991.
[23]GUILLOTEAU P,SAVARY G,JAGUELIN-PEYRAULT Y,et al.Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation increases digestibility and pancreatic secretion in young milk-fed calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(12):5842-5850.
[24]ARAUJO G,TERRM,MEREU A,et al.Effects of supplementing a milk replacer with sodium butyrate or tributyrin on performance and metabolism of Holstein calves[J].Animal Production Science,2016,56(11):1834-1841.
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