伯纳德·贝林与美国早期移民史研究
摘要
在20世纪70年代,受叙述史学、新社会史和计量史学的启发,美国历史学家伯纳德·贝林对历史学研究主题和史学方法进行了反思。一方面,他把研究兴趣从政治思想史转向社会史;另一方面,他先后使用中心-边缘模式和大西洋视角来解释17世纪和18世纪北美移民史。详细考察贝林的移民史研究有助于国内学者加深对贝林史学思想的认识,了解美国移民史的新进展,并采用大西洋视角来研究美国早期史。
Influenced by narrative history,new social history and cliometrics,American historian Bernard Bailyn reflected on the themes and methods of the study of early American immigration history.On the one hand,he shifted his research interest from the history of political thought to social history;on the other hand,he adopted the center-periphery paradigm and the perspective of the Atlantic world to analyze the immigration history to North America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.A close examination of Bailyn’s study on immigration history is helpful for scholars in China to further understand his historical thinking,to contextualize new trends of the history of immigration,and to adopt the perspective of the Atlantic world to study early American history.
Influenced by narrative history,new social history and cliometrics,American historian Bernard Bailyn reflected on the themes and methods of the study of early American immigration history.On the one hand,he shifted his research interest from the history of political thought to social history;on the other hand,he adopted the center-periphery paradigm and the perspective of the Atlantic world to analyze the immigration history to North America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.A close examination of Bailyn’s study on immigration history is helpful for scholars in China to further understand his historical thinking,to contextualize new trends of the history of immigration,and to adopt the perspective of the Atlantic world to study early American history.
引文
(1)Bernard Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America:An Introduction,Alfred A.Knopf,1986.
(2)Bernard Bailyn,Voyagers to the West:A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution,Alfred A.Knopf,1986,pp.67-70.
(3)Bernard Bailyn,The Barbarous Years:The Peopling of British North America:The Conflict of Civilizations 1600-1675,Alfred A.Knopf,2012,p.xv.
(4)伯纳德·贝林:《美国革命的思想意识渊源》,涂永前译,中国政法大学出版社2007年版;另见Bernard Bailyn,The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,Harvard University Press,1967。
(5)丁则民:《关于十八世纪美国革命的史学评介》,《社会科学战线》1981年第2期。
(6)Bernard Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,American Historical Review 87(February 1982),pp.1-24.中国美国史研究会编:《现代史学的挑战:美国历史协会主席演说集》,王建华等译,上海人民出版社1990年版,第386-423页。
(1)满云龙:《共和修正派与当代美国思想史学》,《历史研究》1990年第4期。
(2)李剑鸣:《伯纳德·贝林的史学初论》,《史学理论研究》1999年第1期。
(3)伯纳德·贝林:《教育与美国社会的形成》,王晨、章欢译,安徽教育出版社2013版。
(4)王寅:《执著探索,大胆开拓:奥斯卡·汉德林的美国移民史研究》,《历史教学问题》2005年第9期。
(5)Oscar Handlin,Boston’s Immigrants,1790-1880:A Study in Acculturation,Harvard University Press,1941.
(6)Oscar Handlin,The Uprooted:The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People,Grosset&Dunlap,1951;American People in the Twentieth Century,Harvard University Press,1954;The Newcomers:Negroes and Puerto Ricans in a Changing Metropolis,Harvard University Press,1959;The Americans:A New History of the People of the United States,Little,Brown and Company,1963;Pictorial History of Immigration,Crown Publishers,1972.
(7)Oscar Handlin,“A Career at Harvard”,The American Scholar,Vol.65,No.1(Winter 1996),p.50.
(8)Frederick Jackson Turner,“The Significance of the Frontier in American History”,in Frederick Jackson Turner,ed.,The Frontier in American History,Henry Holt and Company,1921,pp.1-38.
(9)Clyde N.Wilson,ed.,Twentieth-Century American Historians,Gale Research Company,1983,p.192.
(1)费尔南·布罗代尔:《菲利普二世时代的地中海和地中海世界》,商务印书馆1996年版。
(2)Bailyn,“Braudel’s Geohistory:A Reconsideration”,The Journal of Economic History,Vol.11,No.3,Part 1(Summer,1951),pp.277-278.
(3)Bailyn,Atlantic History,pp.4-5.
(4)Bailyn,“Braudel’s Geohistory:A Reconsideration”,pp.279-281.
(5)Bernard Bailyn,“Communications and Trade:The Atlantic in the Seventeenth Century”,The Journal of Economic History,Vol.13,No.4(Autumn,1953),pp.378-380.
(6)在20世纪80年代,贝林呼吁历史学家从大西洋视角来研究美国早期史,并在哈佛大学历史系定期主持大西洋史研讨班。见Bernard Bailyn,Atlantic History:Concept and Contour,Harvard University Press,2005。
(7)Bernard Bailyn,The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century,Harvard University Press,1955.
(1)Bernard Bailyn,ed.,Pamphlets of the American Revolution:1750-1765,Harvard University Press,1965;The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,Harvard University Press,1967;The Origins of American Politics,Alfred A.Knopf,1968 and The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson,Harvard University Press,1974.
(2)Lawrence Stone,“The Revival of Narrative:Reflections on a New Old History”,Past&Present,No.85(Nov.,1979),pp.3-24.
(3)Bernard Bailyn,The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1974.
(1)Kenneth A.Lockridge,A New England Town:The First Hundred Years,W.W.Norton and Company,1970;John Demos,A Little Commonwealth:Family Life in Plymouth Colony,Oxford University Press,1970;Philip J.Greven,Jr.,Four Generations:Population,Land,and Family in Colonial Andover,Massachusetts,Cornell University Press,1970.
(2)Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross:The Economics of American Negro Slavery,2 Vols.,Little,Brown and Co.,1974.
(3)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.1-24.
(4)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.23-24.
(5)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,p.18.
(6)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.2-3.
(7)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,p.6.
(1)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.5.
(2)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.13.
(3)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.14-15.
(4)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.20.
(5)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.25,29.
(6)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.49,59.
(7)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.60.
(8)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.112.
(1)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,p.545.
(2)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,pp.67-70.
(3)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,pp.69-70.
(4)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.12.
(1)Bailyn,Voyages to the West,p.220.
(2)John J.McC usker,“The View from British North America”,The Business History Review,Vol.62,No.4(Winter,1988),p.691.
(3)有关大西洋史的简介,见Alison Games,“Atlantic History:Definitions,Challenges,and Opportunities”,The American Historical Review,Vol.111,No.3(June 2006),pp.741-757 and David Armitage,“Three Concepts of Atlantic History”,in David Armitage and Michael J.Braddick,eds.,The British Atlantic World,1500-1800,Palgrave Macmillan,2002,pp.11-27。
(4)Robert R.Palmer,The Age of the Democratic Revolution:A Political History of Europe and America,1760-1800,Princeton University Press,1959-1964.
(5)Alison Games,“Atlantic History:Definitions,Challenges,and Opportunities”,American Historical Review,Vol.111,No.3(June 2006),pp.741-757.
(1)作为大西洋史的先驱代表人物之一,贝林考察了大西洋史的概念和研究主题。见Bernard Bailyn,“The Idea of Atlantic History”,Itinerario,20(1996),pp.19-44;皮特·柯卡拉尼斯对贝林的大西洋史进行了批评,见Peter A.Coclanis,“Drang Nach Osten:Bernard Bailyn,the World-Island,and the Idea of Atlantic History”,Journal of World History,Vol.13,No.1,Spring 2002,pp.169-182。
(2)Bernard Bailyn,Atlantic History:Concepts and Contours,Harvard University Press,2005.
(3)David Armitage,“Three Concepts of Atlantic History”,in David Armitage and Michael J.Braddick,eds.,The British Atlantic World,1500-1800,pp.11-27.
(4)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xv.
(5)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xiv.
(6)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.31.
(1)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.274.
(2)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,xv.
(3)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xiv,p.52.
(4)William Bradford,Of Plymouth Plantation,1620-1647,ed.by Samuel Eliot Morison,Alfred A.Knopf,1952,p.90.
(1)Coclanis,“Drang Nach Osten:Bernard Bailyn,the World-Island,and the Idea of Atlantic History”,p.176.
(2)Bernard Bailyn,Voyagers to the West:A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution,Alfred A.Knopf,1986,pp.67-70.
(3)Bernard Bailyn,The Barbarous Years:The Peopling of British North America:The Conflict of Civilizations 1600-1675,Alfred A.Knopf,2012,p.xv.
(4)伯纳德·贝林:《美国革命的思想意识渊源》,涂永前译,中国政法大学出版社2007年版;另见Bernard Bailyn,The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,Harvard University Press,1967。
(5)丁则民:《关于十八世纪美国革命的史学评介》,《社会科学战线》1981年第2期。
(6)Bernard Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,American Historical Review 87(February 1982),pp.1-24.中国美国史研究会编:《现代史学的挑战:美国历史协会主席演说集》,王建华等译,上海人民出版社1990年版,第386-423页。
(1)满云龙:《共和修正派与当代美国思想史学》,《历史研究》1990年第4期。
(2)李剑鸣:《伯纳德·贝林的史学初论》,《史学理论研究》1999年第1期。
(3)伯纳德·贝林:《教育与美国社会的形成》,王晨、章欢译,安徽教育出版社2013版。
(4)王寅:《执著探索,大胆开拓:奥斯卡·汉德林的美国移民史研究》,《历史教学问题》2005年第9期。
(5)Oscar Handlin,Boston’s Immigrants,1790-1880:A Study in Acculturation,Harvard University Press,1941.
(6)Oscar Handlin,The Uprooted:The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People,Grosset&Dunlap,1951;American People in the Twentieth Century,Harvard University Press,1954;The Newcomers:Negroes and Puerto Ricans in a Changing Metropolis,Harvard University Press,1959;The Americans:A New History of the People of the United States,Little,Brown and Company,1963;Pictorial History of Immigration,Crown Publishers,1972.
(7)Oscar Handlin,“A Career at Harvard”,The American Scholar,Vol.65,No.1(Winter 1996),p.50.
(8)Frederick Jackson Turner,“The Significance of the Frontier in American History”,in Frederick Jackson Turner,ed.,The Frontier in American History,Henry Holt and Company,1921,pp.1-38.
(9)Clyde N.Wilson,ed.,Twentieth-Century American Historians,Gale Research Company,1983,p.192.
(1)费尔南·布罗代尔:《菲利普二世时代的地中海和地中海世界》,商务印书馆1996年版。
(2)Bailyn,“Braudel’s Geohistory:A Reconsideration”,The Journal of Economic History,Vol.11,No.3,Part 1(Summer,1951),pp.277-278.
(3)Bailyn,Atlantic History,pp.4-5.
(4)Bailyn,“Braudel’s Geohistory:A Reconsideration”,pp.279-281.
(5)Bernard Bailyn,“Communications and Trade:The Atlantic in the Seventeenth Century”,The Journal of Economic History,Vol.13,No.4(Autumn,1953),pp.378-380.
(6)在20世纪80年代,贝林呼吁历史学家从大西洋视角来研究美国早期史,并在哈佛大学历史系定期主持大西洋史研讨班。见Bernard Bailyn,Atlantic History:Concept and Contour,Harvard University Press,2005。
(7)Bernard Bailyn,The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century,Harvard University Press,1955.
(1)Bernard Bailyn,ed.,Pamphlets of the American Revolution:1750-1765,Harvard University Press,1965;The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,Harvard University Press,1967;The Origins of American Politics,Alfred A.Knopf,1968 and The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson,Harvard University Press,1974.
(2)Lawrence Stone,“The Revival of Narrative:Reflections on a New Old History”,Past&Present,No.85(Nov.,1979),pp.3-24.
(3)Bernard Bailyn,The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1974.
(1)Kenneth A.Lockridge,A New England Town:The First Hundred Years,W.W.Norton and Company,1970;John Demos,A Little Commonwealth:Family Life in Plymouth Colony,Oxford University Press,1970;Philip J.Greven,Jr.,Four Generations:Population,Land,and Family in Colonial Andover,Massachusetts,Cornell University Press,1970.
(2)Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross:The Economics of American Negro Slavery,2 Vols.,Little,Brown and Co.,1974.
(3)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.1-24.
(4)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.23-24.
(5)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,p.18.
(6)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,pp.2-3.
(7)Bailyn,“The Challenge of Modern Historiography”,p.6.
(1)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.5.
(2)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.13.
(3)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.14-15.
(4)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.20.
(5)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.25,29.
(6)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,pp.49,59.
(7)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.60.
(8)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.112.
(1)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,p.545.
(2)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,pp.67-70.
(3)Bailyn,Voyagers to the West,pp.69-70.
(4)Bailyn,The Peopling of British North America,p.12.
(1)Bailyn,Voyages to the West,p.220.
(2)John J.McC usker,“The View from British North America”,The Business History Review,Vol.62,No.4(Winter,1988),p.691.
(3)有关大西洋史的简介,见Alison Games,“Atlantic History:Definitions,Challenges,and Opportunities”,The American Historical Review,Vol.111,No.3(June 2006),pp.741-757 and David Armitage,“Three Concepts of Atlantic History”,in David Armitage and Michael J.Braddick,eds.,The British Atlantic World,1500-1800,Palgrave Macmillan,2002,pp.11-27。
(4)Robert R.Palmer,The Age of the Democratic Revolution:A Political History of Europe and America,1760-1800,Princeton University Press,1959-1964.
(5)Alison Games,“Atlantic History:Definitions,Challenges,and Opportunities”,American Historical Review,Vol.111,No.3(June 2006),pp.741-757.
(1)作为大西洋史的先驱代表人物之一,贝林考察了大西洋史的概念和研究主题。见Bernard Bailyn,“The Idea of Atlantic History”,Itinerario,20(1996),pp.19-44;皮特·柯卡拉尼斯对贝林的大西洋史进行了批评,见Peter A.Coclanis,“Drang Nach Osten:Bernard Bailyn,the World-Island,and the Idea of Atlantic History”,Journal of World History,Vol.13,No.1,Spring 2002,pp.169-182。
(2)Bernard Bailyn,Atlantic History:Concepts and Contours,Harvard University Press,2005.
(3)David Armitage,“Three Concepts of Atlantic History”,in David Armitage and Michael J.Braddick,eds.,The British Atlantic World,1500-1800,pp.11-27.
(4)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xv.
(5)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xiv.
(6)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.31.
(1)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.274.
(2)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,xv.
(3)Bailyn,The Barbarous Years,p.xiv,p.52.
(4)William Bradford,Of Plymouth Plantation,1620-1647,ed.by Samuel Eliot Morison,Alfred A.Knopf,1952,p.90.
(1)Coclanis,“Drang Nach Osten:Bernard Bailyn,the World-Island,and the Idea of Atlantic History”,p.176.