大豆黄卷和淡豆豉的本草考证
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摘要
目的:对以大豆为原料炮制的药材——大豆黄卷和淡豆豉进行本草考证,以期正本清源,确保临床用药安全有效。方法:通过梳理中国历代本草及医药典籍中大豆黄卷和淡豆豉的记载,分别从名称、炮制工艺、功效3个方面对其进行本草考证。结论:大豆黄卷的炮制原料和工艺均有较大变化,古代以黄豆、黑豆为炮制原料,现代主要以黄豆为主;古代炮制原料芽长至"13～16 cm"时干燥,而现代芽长至"0. 5～1 cm"后干燥。淡豆豉炮制原料古今并无差异,均使用黑豆,但在明清时期之前豆豉入药主要用咸豆豉,淡豆豉入药并非主流,到了明清时期才开始强调使用淡豆豉。大豆黄卷和淡豆豉的性味归经虽有古今差异,但功效主治仍未发生较大变化。
Objective: To explore the herbal textual research of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum,which made from Glycine max,the origin and specie of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum were clarified to assure the effective and safety clinical use. Methods: This study researched the name,processing method,medicinal properties and functions of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum by systematic carding of ancient literature. Conclusion: The raw materials and processing methods of Sojae Semen Germinatum have changed a lot. In ancient times,soybean and black soybean were used as raw materials,but soybean was mainly used in modern times. The ancient raw material buds were dried when they were"13-16 cm",while the modern buds were dried to"0. 5-1 cm". There is no difference in processing raw materials of black soybean,but before the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the salted fermented soybean was mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine but it was not the case until Ming and Qing Dynasties that it began to emphasis the use of Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Although the property flavors and Channel Tropism of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum were different from ancient to modern time,the efficacy had not changed much.
Objective: To explore the herbal textual research of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum,which made from Glycine max,the origin and specie of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum were clarified to assure the effective and safety clinical use. Methods: This study researched the name,processing method,medicinal properties and functions of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum by systematic carding of ancient literature. Conclusion: The raw materials and processing methods of Sojae Semen Germinatum have changed a lot. In ancient times,soybean and black soybean were used as raw materials,but soybean was mainly used in modern times. The ancient raw material buds were dried when they were"13-16 cm",while the modern buds were dried to"0. 5-1 cm". There is no difference in processing raw materials of black soybean,but before the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the salted fermented soybean was mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine but it was not the case until Ming and Qing Dynasties that it began to emphasis the use of Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Although the property flavors and Channel Tropism of Sojae Semen Germinatum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum were different from ancient to modern time,the efficacy had not changed much.
引文
[1]顾观光重辑.神农本草经[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1957:94.
[2]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:20-21,328.
[3]王莹,田蜜,贺红,等.大豆异黄酮对围绝经期和绝经后妇女安全性的Meta分析[J].毒理学杂志,2018,32(4):277-285.
[4]李娜,黄庆柏.淡豆豉中的异黄酮成份及药理作用与临床研究[J].中国现代中药,2008,10(7):18-19.
[5]张翠芬.大豆异黄酮对心血管疾病的研究综述[J].中国食品添加剂,2018,19(9):210-213.
[6]李冬花,黄红林.染料木素心血管保护作用及机制研究[J].临床与病理杂志,2015,35(8):1551-1558.
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[9] THOMEN A R,MORTENSEN,A,BREINHOLT,V M,et al.Influence of Prevastein,an isoflavone-rich soy product,on mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in Tg. NK(MMTV/c-neu)mice[J]. Nutr Cancer,2005,52(2):176-188.
[10]余强,郭传勇.大豆异黄酮药理作用及其临床应用[J].世界临床药物,2018,39(9):643-646.
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[15]邹谢.本经疏证[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991:220-231.
[16]许慎.说文解字[M].徐铉,整理.北京:中华书局,2013.
[17]上海市卫生局.上海市中药饮片炮制规范[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1973:73-74.
[18]苏颂.本草图经[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1994:599-600.
[19]陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌[M].张淑民,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:276.
[20]倪朱谟.本草汇言[M].戴慎,陈仁寿,虞舜,整理.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:869-879.
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[22]河南省革命委员会卫生局编.河南省中药材炮制规范[M].河南:河南人民出版社,1974:135,218.
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[24]陶弘景.名医别录辑校本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986:203-205.
[25]刘文泰.本草品汇精要辑校本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:822,836.
[26]严洁,施雯,洪炜.得配本草[M].郑金生,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:157-159.
[27]孟诜.食疗本草[M].张鼎,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,1984:111-112,124.
[28]杨时泰.本草述钩元释义[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2009:501-513.
[29]《全国中草药汇编》编写组.全国中草药汇编(下册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:42.
[30]陈藏器.本草拾遗辑释[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2002:536.
[31]李中立.本草原始[M].郑金生,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:288-289.
[32]缪希雍.神农本草经疏(五)[M].台北:新文丰出版公司,1987:365-371.
[33]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(第四册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,3184-3185.
[34]寇宗爽.本草衍义[M].上海:商务印书馆,1957:134.
[35]王孝涛.历代中药炮制法汇典[M].江西:江西科学技术出版社,1989:195,266-268.
[36]叶天士.本草经解[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959:103.
[37]吴越,日华子.日华子本草[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005:224.
[38]孙思邈,备急千金要方[M].高文柱,沈澍农,整理.北京:华夏出版社,2008.
[2]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:20-21,328.
[3]王莹,田蜜,贺红,等.大豆异黄酮对围绝经期和绝经后妇女安全性的Meta分析[J].毒理学杂志,2018,32(4):277-285.
[4]李娜,黄庆柏.淡豆豉中的异黄酮成份及药理作用与临床研究[J].中国现代中药,2008,10(7):18-19.
[5]张翠芬.大豆异黄酮对心血管疾病的研究综述[J].中国食品添加剂,2018,19(9):210-213.
[6]李冬花,黄红林.染料木素心血管保护作用及机制研究[J].临床与病理杂志,2015,35(8):1551-1558.
[7] CHANG Y J,HOU Y C,CHEN L J,et al. Is vegetarian diet associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in Taiwanese women?[J]. BMC Public Health,2017,17(1):800-800.
[8] YU F,LIU Z,TONG Z,et al. Soybean isoflavone treatment induces osteoblast differentiation and proliferation by regulating analysis of Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J]. Gene,2015,573(2):273-277.
[9] THOMEN A R,MORTENSEN,A,BREINHOLT,V M,et al.Influence of Prevastein,an isoflavone-rich soy product,on mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in Tg. NK(MMTV/c-neu)mice[J]. Nutr Cancer,2005,52(2):176-188.
[10]余强,郭传勇.大豆异黄酮药理作用及其临床应用[J].世界临床药物,2018,39(9):643-646.
[11]贾天纬,索瑶.大豆黄卷治愈宫颈癌1例报告[J].人民军医,1991(11):59.
[12]陶弘景.本草经集注[M].尚志钧,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:502-504.
[13]李时珍.本草纲目(校点本下册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:1506-1508,1527-1532.
[14]张秉成.本草便读[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1963:80-81.
[15]邹谢.本经疏证[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991:220-231.
[16]许慎.说文解字[M].徐铉,整理.北京:中华书局,2013.
[17]上海市卫生局.上海市中药饮片炮制规范[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1973:73-74.
[18]苏颂.本草图经[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1994:599-600.
[19]陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌[M].张淑民,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:276.
[20]倪朱谟.本草汇言[M].戴慎,陈仁寿,虞舜,整理.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:869-879.
[21]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典(上册)[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1977:147.
[22]河南省革命委员会卫生局编.河南省中药材炮制规范[M].河南:河南人民出版社,1974:135,218.
[23]中国医学科学院药物研究所等编著.中药志[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984:131-133.
[24]陶弘景.名医别录辑校本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1986:203-205.
[25]刘文泰.本草品汇精要辑校本[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:822,836.
[26]严洁,施雯,洪炜.得配本草[M].郑金生,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:157-159.
[27]孟诜.食疗本草[M].张鼎,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,1984:111-112,124.
[28]杨时泰.本草述钩元释义[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2009:501-513.
[29]《全国中草药汇编》编写组.全国中草药汇编(下册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:42.
[30]陈藏器.本草拾遗辑释[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2002:536.
[31]李中立.本草原始[M].郑金生,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:288-289.
[32]缪希雍.神农本草经疏(五)[M].台北:新文丰出版公司,1987:365-371.
[33]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(第四册)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,3184-3185.
[34]寇宗爽.本草衍义[M].上海:商务印书馆,1957:134.
[35]王孝涛.历代中药炮制法汇典[M].江西:江西科学技术出版社,1989:195,266-268.
[36]叶天士.本草经解[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959:103.
[37]吴越,日华子.日华子本草[M].尚志钧,整理.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005:224.
[38]孙思邈,备急千金要方[M].高文柱,沈澍农,整理.北京:华夏出版社,2008.