魏晋南北朝时期皇权与天师道的流变
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摘要
魏晋南北朝时期,是天师道分化革新的大发展时代。它从一个不被主流思想认同并与皇权发生激烈冲突试图政教合一的民间信仰,转变为封建皇权认可的主流意识形态和伦理观念的一部分。是其在与皇权长期斗争处于劣势条件下,在存亡之间选择的一种屈服化的折中表现,也是一种奉道阶级不断上层化,使其向圣洁化、官方化的自觉靠拢。
The Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties was the great development era of the division and innovation of Tianshi Daoism. It turned from a folk religion that was not recognized by mainstream ideology and severely conflicted with imperial power, trying to achieve integration of politics and religion, into a part of mainstream ideology and ethical notion that has been recognized by feudal imperial power. It was a compromise when facing the choice between survival and death under the unfavorable conditions of long-term struggle with the imperial power, also a kind of conscious approach to holiness and officialization by Daoists.
The Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties was the great development era of the division and innovation of Tianshi Daoism. It turned from a folk religion that was not recognized by mainstream ideology and severely conflicted with imperial power, trying to achieve integration of politics and religion, into a part of mainstream ideology and ethical notion that has been recognized by feudal imperial power. It was a compromise when facing the choice between survival and death under the unfavorable conditions of long-term struggle with the imperial power, also a kind of conscious approach to holiness and officialization by Daoists.
引文
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[8]玄嶷·甄正论·卷上.
[9]陈寅恪.天师道与滨海地域之关系[M]//陈寅恪史学论文选集.上海古籍出版社,1992:164-183.
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[11]魏书.第五册.释老志卷一百一十四.北京.中华书局.1974:3053.
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[2]万绳楠,整理.陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史演讲实录[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2007.
[3]小林正美.六朝道教史研究[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2001.
[4]陈寿.三国志.魏书.一.张鲁传[M].北京:中华书局,2016:264.
[5]范晔.后汉书.第四册.卷七十一.皇甫嵩传.北京.中华书局,1965:2299.
[6]华阳国志·卷二·汉中志.
[7]陈寿.三国志(上).魏书卷十五.张既传[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2002:323.
[8]玄嶷·甄正论·卷上.
[9]陈寅恪.天师道与滨海地域之关系[M]//陈寅恪史学论文选集.上海古籍出版社,1992:164-183.
[10]正一法文天师教戒经:引·道藏·第十八册:236.
[11]魏书.第五册.释老志卷一百一十四.北京.中华书局.1974:3053.
[12]陆先生道门科略·道藏要籍选刊第八册[M].上海:上海古籍出版,社1989:477.
[13]魏书·第五册·释老志·卷一百一十四[M].北京:中华书局,1974:3052.
[14]葛兆光.屈服史及其他:六朝隋唐道教的思想史研究[M].北京:三联书店,2003:27.
[15]魏书.第五册.释老志卷一百一十四[M].北京:中华书局.1974:3048
[16]房玄龄,等.晋书卷八哀帝纪[M].北京:中华书局,1974:208-209.