珠海市地下水系统中重金属和类金属污染状况与污染来源分析
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摘要
于2016年12月到次年1月采集了珠海市及周边的26个地下水样并测定了常规物化指标,以及样品中的Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Zn等重金属和类金属浓度。结果表明,随着取样深度的增加,地下水的p H、NH+4和总溶剂固体(TDS)呈逐渐上升趋势,深层地下水的水化学类型趋向于与海水相似的Na-Cl型,并且基岩出露区地下水的重金属和类金属浓度较低,而平原区地下水的重金属和类金属存在超标现象,且具有p H较低、TDS高于基岩出露区地下水的特点。研究区地下水中重金属Cd的污染程度最高,污染程度为Cd>Pb>As>Cu。从来源上看,地下水中污染重金属和类金属主要是由于沉积有机质在沉积古海水存在的环境中发生矿化引发的还原释放、岩石风化及人为污染等。
In order to investigate the status and sources of heavy metal/metalloid pollution in groundwater system of Zhuhai City,26 groundwater samples from Zhuhai City and its surrounding areas were collected and analyzed during December2016 to January 2017. Besides heavy/metalloid concentrations,such as Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Zn,physical and chemical parameters of all the samples were measured. The results show that pH,EC and TDS in groundwater increase with the depth. The water type of deep groundwater is Na-Cl,similar to the seawater. Groundwater in the plain area has low pH value and heavy metal/metalloid higher than the drinking water standard. In contrast,groundwater in bedrock exposed area has TDS and heavy metal/metalloid lower than that in plain area. All samples show a contaminating order of Cd>Pb>As>Cu,with the highest pollution degree of Cd. Our study demonstrated that heavy metal/metalloid is originated from the reducing processes induced by the reaction between sedimentary organic matter and paleo-seawater,the weathering of rocks and the anthropogenic influence.
In order to investigate the status and sources of heavy metal/metalloid pollution in groundwater system of Zhuhai City,26 groundwater samples from Zhuhai City and its surrounding areas were collected and analyzed during December2016 to January 2017. Besides heavy/metalloid concentrations,such as Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Zn,physical and chemical parameters of all the samples were measured. The results show that pH,EC and TDS in groundwater increase with the depth. The water type of deep groundwater is Na-Cl,similar to the seawater. Groundwater in the plain area has low pH value and heavy metal/metalloid higher than the drinking water standard. In contrast,groundwater in bedrock exposed area has TDS and heavy metal/metalloid lower than that in plain area. All samples show a contaminating order of Cd>Pb>As>Cu,with the highest pollution degree of Cd. Our study demonstrated that heavy metal/metalloid is originated from the reducing processes induced by the reaction between sedimentary organic matter and paleo-seawater,the weathering of rocks and the anthropogenic influence.
引文
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聂西度,唐有根.2006.ICP-MS法测定花岗岩中痕量重金属的研究.石材,(6):49-51
钱晓佳,段舜山.2010.珠海近岸海域表层沉积物中的重金属及生态危害评价.生态环境学报,19(9):2123-2129
徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,张成江.2008.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算.环境科学与技术,31(2):112-115
于涛.2003.南海海水中溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉环境背景值的初步研究.台湾海峡,22(3):329-333
张英,孙继朝,黄冠星,荆继红,陈玺,刘景涛,张玉玺.2011.珠江三角洲地区地下水环境背景值初步研究.中国地质,38(1):190-196
赵新锋,陈建耀,唐常源,曾松青,鲁垠涛.2007.珠江三角洲小流域地下水化学特征及演化规律.生态环境,16(6):1620-1626
Hu B Q,Cui R Y,Li J,Wei H L,Zhao J T,Bai F L,Song W Y,Ding X.2013.Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Changhua River Estuary and adjacent shelf(Hainan Island).Marine Pollution Bulletin,76(1-2):400-405
Ip C C M,Li X D,Zhang G,Wai O W H,Li Y S.2007.Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area,South China.Environmental Pollution,147(2):311-323
Li Q S,Wu Z F,Chu B,Zhang N,Cai S S,Fang J H.2007.Heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,China.Environmental Pollution,149(2):158-164
Wang Y,Jiao J J,Cherry J A.2012.Occurrence and geochemical behavior of arsenic in a coastal aquifer-aquitard system of the Pearl River Delta,China.Science of the Total Environment,427-428:286-297
Wang Y,Jiao J J.2012.Origin of groundwater salinity and hydrogeochemical processes in the confined Quaternary aquifer of the Pearl River Delta,China.Journal of Hydrology,438-439:112-124
Wang Y,Jiao J J.2014.Multivariate statistical analyses on the enrichment of arsenic with different oxidation states in the Quaternary sediments of the Pearl River Delta,China.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,138:72-80
Zhang D W,Zhang X,Tian L,Ye F,Huang X P,Zeng Y Y,Fan M L.2013.Seasonal and spatial dynamics of trace elements in water and sediment from Pearl River Estuary,South China.Environmental Earth Sciences,68(4):1053-1063
董好刚,黄长生,陈雯,张宏鑫,支兵发,赵信文.2012.珠江三角洲环境地质控制性因素及问题分析.中国地质,39(2):539-549
胡克林,李保国,陈德立.2000.区域浅层地下水埋深和水质的空间变异性特性.水科学进展,11(4):408-414
黄冠星,孙继朝,荆继红,张玉玺,刘景涛,王金翠,向小平,陈玺,崔海炜.2010.珠江三角洲典型区水土中砷的分布.中山大学学报(自然科学版),49(1):131-137
黄健敏,黄润秋,焦纠纠,段海澎.2009.深港西部通道填海区地下水Zn、Co、Pb、Mn迁移影响因素的研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,28(3):232-238
黄清辉,沈焕庭,刘新成,傅瑞标.2001.人类活动对长江河口硝酸盐输入通量的影响.长江流域资源与环境,10(6):564-569
柯盛,张际标,孙省利,谢群.2017.珠江口沉积物重金属源解析及富集与生物毒性的关系.广东海洋大学学报,37(4):69-77
李健,郑春江.1988.环境背景值数据手册.北京:中国环境科学出版社
鲁垠涛,姚宏,唐常源,陈健耀.2013.珠江三角洲浅层地下水中水化学和重金属的变化规律.见:2013年水资源生态保护与水污染控制研讨会论文集.哈尔滨:中国环境科学学会
聂西度,唐有根.2006.ICP-MS法测定花岗岩中痕量重金属的研究.石材,(6):49-51
钱晓佳,段舜山.2010.珠海近岸海域表层沉积物中的重金属及生态危害评价.生态环境学报,19(9):2123-2129
徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,张成江.2008.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算.环境科学与技术,31(2):112-115
于涛.2003.南海海水中溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉环境背景值的初步研究.台湾海峡,22(3):329-333
张英,孙继朝,黄冠星,荆继红,陈玺,刘景涛,张玉玺.2011.珠江三角洲地区地下水环境背景值初步研究.中国地质,38(1):190-196
赵新锋,陈建耀,唐常源,曾松青,鲁垠涛.2007.珠江三角洲小流域地下水化学特征及演化规律.生态环境,16(6):1620-1626