恩施州不同海拔马尾松天然次生林林分结构特征研究
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摘要
以恩施州不同海拔马尾松天然次生林为研究对象,根据海拔梯度设置湖北民族学院后山(T1)、恩施市莲花池村(T2)、恩施市吉心村(T3)、利川市毛家院子(T4)4个样地,每个海拔梯度地点用全站仪建立4块20 m×20 m固定监测样地,分别对每块样地展开调查,分析其树种组成、胸径结构等非空间结构和角尺度、混交度、大小比等空间结构特征。结果表明:不同海拔马尾松天然次生林多为小径阶林木,天然更新状况良好,胸径分布宽度与海拔呈极显著正相关关系;林分的平均角尺度随着海拔的上升趋于随机分布,其中T1至T3的林分中,海拔与角尺度呈极显著正相关关系;不同海拔的各林分平均混交度普遍处于弱度混交和中度混交之间,其中T2至T4的马尾松天然次生林林分中,海拔与混交度呈极显著正相关关系;各林分整体平均大小比数在0.5左右,其中T2至T4的林分海拔与大小比数呈极显著正相关关系;随着海拔的升高,天然次生林中马尾松、杉木和柏木等针叶树种成为主要优势种。
The Pinus massoniana natural secondary forests of different altitudes in the state of Enshi from different altitudes were taken as the research objects, and the upper limit exclusion method was chosen to set up 4 elevation gradients:the behind the mountain of Hubei institute of nationalities(T1), Lotus pond village in Enshi City(T2), Jixin village in Enshi City(T3), Mao Jia yard in Lichuan City(T4), 4 stands of 20 m×20 m were bulit at each elevation gradient using total station instrument. The stand structure characteristics were investigated in each plot and the collected data were analyzed using spatial structure and non-spatial structure indicators such as uniform angle index, mingling index, neighborhood comparison, species composition and diameter distribution. Results show that there are many small diameter classes trees in the P. massoniana natural secondary forest from different altitudes, and exhibit good natural regeneration. The width of the diameter distribution is highly significant positively correlated with the elevation height. The average uniform angle indices of different forests are tending to be distributed randomly as the altitude rises, which is in a middle state. From T1 to T3, there is a highly significant positive correlation between the elevation and the uniform angle indices of the different forest stands. The average mingling of each forest at different altitude is low in general, and is between weak mixed and moderate mixed degree. The relationship between the elevation and mingling is highly significant positively correlated of the P. massoniana natural secondary forest stands from the altitude T2 to T4. The overall average neighborhood comparison of each forest is about 0.5, which is in a middle state. From T2 to T4, there is a highly significant positive correlation between the elevation and the neighborhood comparison of the different forest stands. As the altitude rises, the coniferous trees of natural secondary forests such as P. massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cupressus funebris become the dominant species.
The Pinus massoniana natural secondary forests of different altitudes in the state of Enshi from different altitudes were taken as the research objects, and the upper limit exclusion method was chosen to set up 4 elevation gradients:the behind the mountain of Hubei institute of nationalities(T1), Lotus pond village in Enshi City(T2), Jixin village in Enshi City(T3), Mao Jia yard in Lichuan City(T4), 4 stands of 20 m×20 m were bulit at each elevation gradient using total station instrument. The stand structure characteristics were investigated in each plot and the collected data were analyzed using spatial structure and non-spatial structure indicators such as uniform angle index, mingling index, neighborhood comparison, species composition and diameter distribution. Results show that there are many small diameter classes trees in the P. massoniana natural secondary forest from different altitudes, and exhibit good natural regeneration. The width of the diameter distribution is highly significant positively correlated with the elevation height. The average uniform angle indices of different forests are tending to be distributed randomly as the altitude rises, which is in a middle state. From T1 to T3, there is a highly significant positive correlation between the elevation and the uniform angle indices of the different forest stands. The average mingling of each forest at different altitude is low in general, and is between weak mixed and moderate mixed degree. The relationship between the elevation and mingling is highly significant positively correlated of the P. massoniana natural secondary forest stands from the altitude T2 to T4. The overall average neighborhood comparison of each forest is about 0.5, which is in a middle state. From T2 to T4, there is a highly significant positive correlation between the elevation and the neighborhood comparison of the different forest stands. As the altitude rises, the coniferous trees of natural secondary forests such as P. massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cupressus funebris become the dominant species.
引文
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[17]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[18]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.基于大小比数的林分空间优势度表达方法及其应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):78-82.
[2]张今朝,刘健,余坤勇,等.福建陈大国有林场生态公益林林分结构特征及优化调整[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(4):132-139.
[3]惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波.结构化森林经营技术指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[4]黄龙生,李永宁,冯楷斌,等.冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(1):50-55.
[5]汤孟平.森林空间结构分析与优化经营模型研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[6]陈倩,杨晔,程子敏,等.木兰围场天然次生林林分空间结构研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(6):28-33.
[7]刘文桢,赵中华,惠刚盈,等.小陇山油松天然林结构特征[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(4):437-442.
[8]孙拥康,汤景明,覃发高,等.鄂西南武陵山区马尾松天然次生林的林分直径结构分析[J].西部林业科学,2017,46(4):88-92,100.
[9]黎芳,潘萍,臧颢,等.赣南马尾松林分多功能经营空间结构优化模型研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(6):141-147.
[10]恩施土家族苗族自治州人民政府.恩施概况[EB/OL].[2018-06-20].http://www.enshi.gov.cn/zzf/zq/.
[11]何美成.关于林木径阶整化问题[J].林业资源管理,1998(6):33-36.
[12]汲文宪.冀北山区天然次生林林分空间结构及优化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[13]惠刚盈,Gadow K V,胡艳波.林分空间结构参数角尺度的标准角选择[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(6):687-692.
[14]惠刚盈,Gadow K V,Albert M.角尺度:一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.
[15]Gadow K V,Füldner K.Zur Beschreibung forstlicher Eingriffe[J].Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt vereinigt mit Tharandter forstliches Jahrbuch,1995,114(1):151-159.
[16]克莱斯·冯佳多,惠刚盈.森林生长与干扰模拟[M].北京:中国林业科学院,1998:117-126.
[17]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.
[18]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.基于大小比数的林分空间优势度表达方法及其应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):78-82.