黑龙江三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤重金属含量及污染评价
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摘要
通过调查采样,测定黑龙江三江自然保护区核心区的臌囊苔草沼泽、小叶章沼泽和实验区的芦苇沼泽土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn和Cr含量;利用Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法,对不同类型天然湿地土壤中重金属的生态危害进行评价。结果表明:3种类型天然湿地土壤中重金属含量随土壤深度呈波动变化,其中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr含量的大体趋势是底层高于表层,Mn含量的大体趋势是表层高于底层。臌囊苔草沼泽土壤中Cu和Zn含量显著(P<0.05)高于小叶章沼泽和芦苇沼泽;芦苇沼泽土壤中Pb和Cr含量显著高于臌囊苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽(P<0.05);3种类型天然湿地土壤中Mn含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。核心区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为中度,实验区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为强烈,说明三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤存在重金属污染,污染的主要重金属元素为Pb。
Soil heavy metal contents including Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn and Cr in the marshes of Carex schmidtii, Calamagrostis angustifolia, and Phragmites communis in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Nature Reserve were analyzed to assess ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of different natural wetlands in this area by using the potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that heavy metal contents in soils of different wetlands fluctuated in different soil layer. Most of the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr contents were lower in the surface layer than the bottom layer. However, most of the Mn contents were higher in the surface layer than the bottom layer. Mean Cu and Zn contents in Carex schmidtii marsh were significantly higher(P <0.05) than those in the other two marshes. Mean Pb and Cr contents in Phragmites communis marsh were significantly higher(P <0.05) than those in the other two marshes. There were no significant differences(P >0.05) of Mn contents among the three marshes. Potential ecological risk levels in Carex schmidtii marsh, Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh in the core area were medium. However, potential ecological risk levels in Phragmites communis marsh in the experimentation area were extreme. These indicated that there were heavy metal pollutions in soils of marshes in this natural reserve including the core areas. The main element of heavy metal pollution was Pb.
Soil heavy metal contents including Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn and Cr in the marshes of Carex schmidtii, Calamagrostis angustifolia, and Phragmites communis in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Nature Reserve were analyzed to assess ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of different natural wetlands in this area by using the potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that heavy metal contents in soils of different wetlands fluctuated in different soil layer. Most of the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr contents were lower in the surface layer than the bottom layer. However, most of the Mn contents were higher in the surface layer than the bottom layer. Mean Cu and Zn contents in Carex schmidtii marsh were significantly higher(P <0.05) than those in the other two marshes. Mean Pb and Cr contents in Phragmites communis marsh were significantly higher(P <0.05) than those in the other two marshes. There were no significant differences(P >0.05) of Mn contents among the three marshes. Potential ecological risk levels in Carex schmidtii marsh, Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh in the core area were medium. However, potential ecological risk levels in Phragmites communis marsh in the experimentation area were extreme. These indicated that there were heavy metal pollutions in soils of marshes in this natural reserve including the core areas. The main element of heavy metal pollution was Pb.
引文
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简敏菲,李玲玉,徐鹏飞,等.2014.鄱阳湖-乐安河湿地水土环境中重金属污染的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,35(5):1759-1765
刘凤枝,李玉浸.2015.土壤监测分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社:571-605
刘洪莲,李恋卿,潘根兴.2006.苏南某些水稻土中Cu、Pb、Hg、As的剖面分布及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,25(5):1221-1227
王健康,高博,周怀东,等.2012.三峡库区蓄水运用期表层沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,33(5):1693-1699
孔德坤,李春景,王永洁,等.2013.扎龙湿地土壤中重金属铬的对比分析[J].延边大学农学学报,35(1):61-65
宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.2013.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况[J].水土保持研究,20(2):293-298
滕葳.2010.重金属污染对农产品的危害与风险评估[M].北京:化学工业出版社:70-149
徐明露,方凤满,林跃胜.2015.安庆菜子湖退耕湿地土壤中的重金属含量及其污染评价[J].湿地科学,13(4):437-443
于君宝,董洪芳,王慧彬,等.2011.黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤金属元素空间分布特征[J].湿地科学,9(4):297-304
臧小平.1999.土壤锰毒与植物锰的毒害[J].土壤通报,30(3):45-48
郑立地,肖蓉,姚新颖,等.2015.黄河三角洲潮汐区和生态恢复区湿地土壤特征和重金属分布[J].湿地科学,13(5):535-542
Bruland G L,Richardson C J.2005.Hydrologic,edaphic,and vegetative responses to microtopographic reestablishment in a restored wetland[J].Restoration Ecology,13(3):515-23
Hakanson L.1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,14(8):975-1001
Yao X Y,Xiao R,Ma Z W,et al.2016.Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in soils from tidal flat,oil exploitation zone and restored wetland in the Yellow River Delta[J].Wetlands,36(1):153-165