黑龙江三江自然保护区天然湿地植物物种多样性研究
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摘要
以黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区5种典型的沼泽湿地为研究对象,研究不同沼泽湿地的植物多样性差异。结果表明:黑龙江三江自然保护区5种沼泽湿地共调查到湿地植物17种,不同沼泽湿地的植物组成有较大差异,物种最多的臌囊苔草沼泽为8种,最少的为漂筏苔草仅2种,优势种一般为1～2种。由于调查样方数较少,得到的沼泽湿地物种数目低于本区其他调查的结果。不同沼泽湿地的物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Winner多样性指数都有显著差异(P <0.05),总体趋势表现为常年积水的芦苇沼泽和漂筏苔草沼泽低于季节性积水的臌囊苔草沼泽、小叶章沼泽和柳叶绣线菊沼泽。不同沼泽湿地的Pielou均匀度指数没有显著差异(P> 0.05),说明调查的5种沼泽湿地植物分布比较均匀,很少有样方内植物呈斑块状分布的情况。
We investigated plant species diversity of 5 marshes in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Natural Reserve, and 17 plant species were found in these 5 marshes. Carex schmidtii marsh had 8 plant species which was the highest in these 5 marshes. Carex pseudo-curaica marsh had 2 plant species which was the lowest one. There were 1 to 2 dominant plant species in each of the 5 marshes. The numbers of plant species were lower than those of previous studies due to the fewer investigated plots in this study. There were significant differences(P < 0.05) of plant species richness index, Simpson index and ShannonWinner diversity index between these 5 marshes. Plant diversity in Phragmites communis marsh and Carex pseudo-curaica marsh with perpetual flooded conditions were lower than the Carex schmidtii marsh, Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh, Spiraea salicifolia marsh with seasonal flooded conditions. There were no significant differences(P > 0.05) of Pielou evenness index, indicating that plants distributed uniformly in these 5 marshes.
We investigated plant species diversity of 5 marshes in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Natural Reserve, and 17 plant species were found in these 5 marshes. Carex schmidtii marsh had 8 plant species which was the highest in these 5 marshes. Carex pseudo-curaica marsh had 2 plant species which was the lowest one. There were 1 to 2 dominant plant species in each of the 5 marshes. The numbers of plant species were lower than those of previous studies due to the fewer investigated plots in this study. There were significant differences(P < 0.05) of plant species richness index, Simpson index and ShannonWinner diversity index between these 5 marshes. Plant diversity in Phragmites communis marsh and Carex pseudo-curaica marsh with perpetual flooded conditions were lower than the Carex schmidtii marsh, Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh, Spiraea salicifolia marsh with seasonal flooded conditions. There were no significant differences(P > 0.05) of Pielou evenness index, indicating that plants distributed uniformly in these 5 marshes.
引文
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张金屯.2011.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社:51-58
Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.2015.Wetlands,5th Edition(M).Hoboken,New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.
丁聪,刘吉平,马梦瑶,等.2017.向海草甸-沼泽生态系统植物群落物种多样性[J].湿地科学,15(4):552-555
刘兴土.2005.东北湿地[M].北京:科学出版社:14-17
娄彦景,赵魁义,胡金明.2006.三江平原湿地典型植物群落物种多样性研究[J].生态学杂志,25(4):364-368
娄彦景,赵魁义,马克平.2007.洪河自然保护区典型湿地植物群落组成及物种多样性梯度变化[J].生态学报,27(9):3883-3891
马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,2(4):231-239
王继丰,韩大勇,王建波,等.2017.三江平原湿地小叶章群落沿土壤水分梯度物种组成及多样性变化[J].生态学报,37(10):3515-3524
王铭,曹议文,王升忠,等.2016.水位和草丘微地貌对巴音布鲁克高寒沼泽植物群落物种多样性的影响[J].湿地科学,14(5):635-640
张金屯.2011.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社:51-58
Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.2015.Wetlands,5th Edition(M).Hoboken,New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.