改性脂肪酸提切剂的研制及其应用
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摘要
合成一种可在油基钻井液中代替有机土的改性脂肪酸提切剂,测定提切剂对乳液流变性能的影响,分析乳液样品的三段式触变性,使用冷冻电镜观察提切剂对乳液微观结构的影响,采用界面流变仪分析提切剂对油水界面流变性的影响,分析提切剂的作用机制,在高密度油基钻井液中进行适用性评价。结果表明:提切剂有利于提高乳液黏度尤其是低剪切速率黏度;加入提切剂后,乳液具有优良的触变性,并观测到蜂窝状结构;提切剂能够显著增强油水界面弹性模量和界面膜强度,有利于乳液稳定;提切剂吸附在油水界面,通过氢键作用在乳液中构建三维网架结构,从而增强弱凝胶结构和提高切力;与含有机土的油基钻井液相比,使用提切剂的无土相油基钻井液具有较优异的流变结构与电稳定性。
A modified fatty acid(MFA) as the rheology modifier was synthesized which can replace organoclay in oil based drilling fluid(OBM). The influence of MFA on the rheological properties of the emulsions was investigated and three-interval thixotropy was analyzed. The effect of MFA on the microstructure of the emulsion was studied by Cryo-scanning electron microscope(cryo-SEM). And the influence of MDA on oil-water interfacial rheology was characterized by the interfacial rheometer, through which the function mechanism of MFA was analyzed. Also, the applicability of MFA in the high-density OBM was evaluated. It is found that MFA could enhance the emulsion viscosity especially the low-shear-rate viscosity. Emulsions containing MFA present good thixotropic property and a honeycomb structure could be observed. MFA could considerably improve the storage modules of oil/water interfaces and interfacial film strength, which is favorable for the emulsion stability. And MFA adsorbs at the oil-water interfaces, which establishs a three-dimensional network structure in the water-in-oil emulsions through hydrogen bonding. In this way, the "weak gel" structure and gel strength of the emulsionsare enhanced. Compared with OBMs containing the organoclay, organoclay-free OBMs using MFA show superior rheological performance and larger electrical stability.
A modified fatty acid(MFA) as the rheology modifier was synthesized which can replace organoclay in oil based drilling fluid(OBM). The influence of MFA on the rheological properties of the emulsions was investigated and three-interval thixotropy was analyzed. The effect of MFA on the microstructure of the emulsion was studied by Cryo-scanning electron microscope(cryo-SEM). And the influence of MDA on oil-water interfacial rheology was characterized by the interfacial rheometer, through which the function mechanism of MFA was analyzed. Also, the applicability of MFA in the high-density OBM was evaluated. It is found that MFA could enhance the emulsion viscosity especially the low-shear-rate viscosity. Emulsions containing MFA present good thixotropic property and a honeycomb structure could be observed. MFA could considerably improve the storage modules of oil/water interfaces and interfacial film strength, which is favorable for the emulsion stability. And MFA adsorbs at the oil-water interfaces, which establishs a three-dimensional network structure in the water-in-oil emulsions through hydrogen bonding. In this way, the "weak gel" structure and gel strength of the emulsionsare enhanced. Compared with OBMs containing the organoclay, organoclay-free OBMs using MFA show superior rheological performance and larger electrical stability.
引文
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[19] 张现斌,赵冲,王伟忠,等.矿物油基钻井液低剪切流变行为调节技术研究[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):63-70.ZHANG Xianbin,ZHAO Chong,WANG Weizhong,et al.Technologies to modify low-shear rate rheology behaviors of mineral oil based drilling fluids[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):63-70.
[20] 冯萍,邱正松,曹杰,等.国外油基钻井液提切剂的研究与应用进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(5):84-88.FENG Ping,QIU Zhengsong,CAO Jie,et al.Progress on study and application on rheology modifier for oil-based mud aboard[J].Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid,2012,29(5):84-88.
[21] 李新.考虑岩屑床影响的井内波动压力研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.LI Xin.Research on swab and surge pressure in the well considering cutting bed[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
[2] 高建申,孙建孟,姜艳娇,等.油基钻井液环境下电成像测井响应分析及定量反演[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(3):50-56.GAO Jianshen,SUN Jianmeng,JIANG Yanjiao,et al.Response analysis and quantitative inversion of electrical imaging logging in oil based drilling fluid environment [J].Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(3):50-56.
[3] JONES T R.The properties and uses of clays which swell in organic solvents[J].Clay Minerals,1983,18(4):399-401.
[4] DE PAIVA L B,MORALES A R,DíAZ F R V.Organoclays:properties,preparation and applications[J].Applied Clay Science,2008,42(1/2):8-24.
[5] 霍锦华,张瑞,杨磊.CTAB诱导膨润土乳液转相机制及其在可逆乳化油基钻井液中的应用[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):122-128.HUO Jinhua,ZHANG Rui,YANG Lei.Phase transition mechanism of CATB inducing bentonite emulsion and its application in reversible emulsification oil-based drilling fluids[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):122-128.
[6] SILVA I A,COSTA J M R,MENEZES R R,et al.Studies of new occurrences of bentonite clays in the State of Paraíba for use in water based drilling fluids[J].Rem:Revista Escola de Minas,2013,66(4):485-491.
[7] CAENN R,DARLEY H C H,GRAY G R.Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids[M].Oxford:Gulf Professional Publishing,2011:63-73.
[8] FARD S.Evaluation of fine particles removal from invert emulsion drilling fluid by novel[D].Calgary:University of Calgary,2015.
[9] 崔明磊.油基钻井液性能优化研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.CUI Minglei.Research on oil based drilling fluid performance optimization[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2011.
[10] 董长银,高凯歌,王鹏,等.低黏液体井筒携砂流动规律及特征流速实验[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1280-1286.DONG Changyin,GAO Kaige,WANG Peng,et al.Sand-carrying follow in low-viscosity wellbore fluid and characteristic flow velocities[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(10):1280-1286.
[11] YANG Xiaoguang,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun.Application of a special technique for controlling the cutting bed height in gas drilling of horizontal wells[J].Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,2015,50(6):508-515.
[12] VANDEBRIL S,FRANCK A,FULLER G G,et al.A double wall-ring geometry for interfacial shear rheometry[J].Rheologica Acta,2010,49(2):131-144.
[13] LI Z,HARBOTTLE D,PENSINI E,et al.Fundamental study of emulsions stabilized by soft and rigid particles[J].Langmuir,2015,31(23):6282-6288.
[14] MIKULA R J,MUNOZ V A.Characterization of emulsions and suspensions in the petroleum industry using cryo-SEM and CLSM[J].Colloids & Surfaces A:Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects,2000,174(1):23-36.
[15] GBT 16783.2-2012石油天然气工业[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[16] BELL S A,SHUMWAY W W.Additives for imparting fragile progressive gel structure and controlled temporary viscosity to oil based drilling fluids:US7560418[P].2009-07-14.
[17] KIM J Y,SONG J Y,LEE E J,et al.Rheological properties and microstructures of Carbopol gel network system [J].Colloid and Polymer Science,2003,281(7):614-623.
[18] 王荐,张荣,聂明顺,等.HRD弱凝胶钻井完井液研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2008,25(6):6-7.WANG Jian,ZHANG Rong,NIE Mingshun,et al.The study and application of the HRD weak-gel drill-in fluid[J].Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid,2008,25(6):6-7.
[19] 张现斌,赵冲,王伟忠,等.矿物油基钻井液低剪切流变行为调节技术研究[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(4):63-70.ZHANG Xianbin,ZHAO Chong,WANG Weizhong,et al.Technologies to modify low-shear rate rheology behaviors of mineral oil based drilling fluids[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(4):63-70.
[20] 冯萍,邱正松,曹杰,等.国外油基钻井液提切剂的研究与应用进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(5):84-88.FENG Ping,QIU Zhengsong,CAO Jie,et al.Progress on study and application on rheology modifier for oil-based mud aboard[J].Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid,2012,29(5):84-88.
[21] 李新.考虑岩屑床影响的井内波动压力研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.LI Xin.Research on swab and surge pressure in the well considering cutting bed[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.