海洋深水海底含蜡原油管道中蜡沉积预测和清管模拟
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摘要
针对含蜡原油管道蜡沉积会引起回接管道的流动安全问题,研究深水含蜡原油管道蜡沉积规律以及控制措施。使用OLGA软件,对中国南海某深水油田2根233 mm水下回接不保温含蜡原油管道中蜡沉积速度、蜡沉积在管壁的厚度以及清管周期等进行模拟分析,综合考虑蜡沉积厚度和蜡沉积引起的压力增加确定清管周期。结果表明:在投产后前2年,清管周期约35 d,从第3年开始,随着含水量大幅增加,清管周期约60 d;单根233 mm管道最大输液量为7 000 m~3/d,输液量高于7 000 m~3/d时需要采用双管输送, FPSO平台上清管所需的最大输液量为4 200 m~3/d(175 m~3/h),发球所需的最大外输泵压力为6 000 kPa。
Wax deposition in waxy crude oil pipelines can cause the flow safety problems of the tieback pipes, therefore it is necessary to make a full study on the deposition and control laws for these pipes. In this study, based on certain waxy crude oil tieback flowlines for South China Sea deepwater oil development, the OLGA software is used to simulate transient flow characteristics in waxy crude oil tieback pipelines, such as wax precipitation rate, thickness of the wax layer deposited on the wall, pigging frequency and so on. The results show that, the pigging period is 35 days during the first 2 year after put into production. The pigging periods is 60 days from the third year with the increase of water content. The maximum liquid flow rate for a 233 mm pipeline is 7 000 m~3/d. It is suggested that one single pipeline is used to transport while the flow rate is lower than 7 000 m~3/d, and two pipelines are used while the flow rate is more than 7 000 m~3/d. The maximum pump pressure at FPSO is kept at 6 000 kPa, and the required maximum liquid flow rate at FPSO is 4 200 m~3/d(175 m~3/h).
Wax deposition in waxy crude oil pipelines can cause the flow safety problems of the tieback pipes, therefore it is necessary to make a full study on the deposition and control laws for these pipes. In this study, based on certain waxy crude oil tieback flowlines for South China Sea deepwater oil development, the OLGA software is used to simulate transient flow characteristics in waxy crude oil tieback pipelines, such as wax precipitation rate, thickness of the wax layer deposited on the wall, pigging frequency and so on. The results show that, the pigging period is 35 days during the first 2 year after put into production. The pigging periods is 60 days from the third year with the increase of water content. The maximum liquid flow rate for a 233 mm pipeline is 7 000 m~3/d. It is suggested that one single pipeline is used to transport while the flow rate is lower than 7 000 m~3/d, and two pipelines are used while the flow rate is more than 7 000 m~3/d. The maximum pump pressure at FPSO is kept at 6 000 kPa, and the required maximum liquid flow rate at FPSO is 4 200 m~3/d(175 m~3/h).
引文
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[14] 刘蓉蓉,赵珊.含蜡原油管道低输送量工艺优化运行研究[J].石化技术,2016,23(10):47.LIU Rongrong,ZHAO Shan.Optimization for low throughput process of waxy crude oil pipeline[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2016,23(10):47.
[15] 刘扬,王志华,成庆林,等.大庆原油管输结蜡规律与清管周期的确定[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):892-896.LIU Yang,WANG Zhihua,CHENG Qinglin,et al.The study of pipeline wax deposition law and pigging period for Daqing waxy crude oil[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2012,33(5):892-896.
[16] 韩明原,黎申,叶绍宇,等.含蜡原油管道清管周期的确定及影响因素分析[J].管道技术与设备,2017(1):1-3.HAN Mingyuan,LI Shen,YE Shaoyu,et al.Determination and analysis of influential factors of pigging cycle for waxy crude pipeline[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2017(1):1-3.
[17] 成庆林,刘扬,刘晓燕,等.含蜡原油管道输送过程的用能描述与能耗评价[J].油气储运,2017,36(6):617-623.CHENG Qinglin,LIU Yang,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Energy description and energy consumption evaluation of waxy crude oil pipeline transportation[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(6):617-623.
[18] 寇杰,张楠,李云.海底混输管道析蜡对水合物生成的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):171-175.KOU Jie,ZHANG Nan,LI Yun.Effect of wax formation on hydrate precipitation in subsea multiphase pipeline[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(4):171-175.
[19] RYGG O B,RYDAHL A K,R?NNINGSEN H P.Wax deposition in offshore pipeline systems:1st North American Conference on Multiphase Technology,June 10-11,1998[C].Houston:Texas,1998:193-205.
[20] ZHANG H Q,ZHANG M,BRILL J P,et al.Multiphase flow wax deposition modeling:proceedings of ASME ETCE Petroleum Production Technology Symposium,Feb 5-7,2001[C].Texas:Houston,2001.
[2] 盖芸.含蜡原油管道蜡沉积模型研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014:2-6.GAI Yun.Wax deposition model research of waxy crude oil pipeline[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014:2-6.
[3] 张宇,吴海浩,宫敬,等.海底混输管道蜡沉积研究与发展[J].石油矿场机械,2009,38(9):1-8.ZHANG Yu,WU Haihao,GONG Jing,et al.Research and progress of paraffin deposition in multi-phase subsea pipeline[J].Oil Field Equipment,2009,38(9):1-8.
[4] 伍鸿飞.含蜡原油固相沉积影响因素研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014:64-67.WU Hongfei.Solid deposition affecting factors of waxy crude oil[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014:64-67.
[5] 李俊刚,王志华,龙安厚,等.输油管道系统管壁温度与原油温度对蜡沉积的影响[J].东北石油大学学报,2006,30(3):21-23.LI Jungang,WANG Zhihua,LONG Anhou,et al.Effect of pipe wall and crude oil temperature on wax deposition in pipeline transportation[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2006,30(3):21-23.
[6] 国丽萍,李文竹.含蜡原油及其乳状液蜡沉积研究现状[J].油气储运,2017,36(11):1227-1236.GUO Liping,LI Wenzhu.The research status on wax deposition of waxy crude oil and its emulsions[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(11):1227-1236.
[7] WU K.Influencing factors governing paraffin wax deposition during crude production[J].International Journal of the Physical Sciences,2010,5(15):2351-2362.
[8] 段纪淼,宫敬,张宇,等.多相混输管道蜡沉积研究进展[J].油气储运,2011,30(4):241-248.DUAN Jimiao,GONG Jing,ZHANG Yu,et al.Research progress of wax deposition in multiphase mixed transmission pipeline[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(4):241-248.
[9] 张宇,于达,王鹏宇,等.W/O型乳状液蜡沉积影响因素[J],油气储运,2013,32(1):31-35.ZHANG Yu,YU Da,WANG Pengyu,et al.Influencing factors of W/O emulsion wax deposition[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(1):31-35.
[10] 任永飞.油水两相体系的蜡沉积规律实验研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2010:7-10.REN Yongfei.Experimental study on wax deposition law of oil-water two-phase system[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2010:7-10.
[11] 黄启玉,张劲军,高雪峰,等.大庆原油蜡沉积规律研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):125-129.HUANG Qiyu,ZHANG Jinjun,GAO Xuefeng,et al.Study on wax deposition of Daqing crude oil[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2006,27(4):125-129.
[12] 田震,敬加强,靳文博,等.含蜡原油管道安全经济清管周期模型的建立与计算分析[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(2):120-126.TIAN Zhen,JING Jiaqiang,JIN Wenbo,et al.Development and computational analysis of the safe and economic pigging frequency model for waxy crude oil pipelines[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(2):120-126.
[13] 蒲欢,梁光川,李维,等.含蜡原油常温输送技术的研究与应用[J].管道技术与设备,2011(3):4-6.PU Huan,LIANG Guangchuan,LI Wei,et al.Research and application of waxy oil transportation technique at normal temperature[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2011(3):4-6.
[14] 刘蓉蓉,赵珊.含蜡原油管道低输送量工艺优化运行研究[J].石化技术,2016,23(10):47.LIU Rongrong,ZHAO Shan.Optimization for low throughput process of waxy crude oil pipeline[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2016,23(10):47.
[15] 刘扬,王志华,成庆林,等.大庆原油管输结蜡规律与清管周期的确定[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):892-896.LIU Yang,WANG Zhihua,CHENG Qinglin,et al.The study of pipeline wax deposition law and pigging period for Daqing waxy crude oil[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2012,33(5):892-896.
[16] 韩明原,黎申,叶绍宇,等.含蜡原油管道清管周期的确定及影响因素分析[J].管道技术与设备,2017(1):1-3.HAN Mingyuan,LI Shen,YE Shaoyu,et al.Determination and analysis of influential factors of pigging cycle for waxy crude pipeline[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2017(1):1-3.
[17] 成庆林,刘扬,刘晓燕,等.含蜡原油管道输送过程的用能描述与能耗评价[J].油气储运,2017,36(6):617-623.CHENG Qinglin,LIU Yang,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Energy description and energy consumption evaluation of waxy crude oil pipeline transportation[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(6):617-623.
[18] 寇杰,张楠,李云.海底混输管道析蜡对水合物生成的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):171-175.KOU Jie,ZHANG Nan,LI Yun.Effect of wax formation on hydrate precipitation in subsea multiphase pipeline[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(4):171-175.
[19] RYGG O B,RYDAHL A K,R?NNINGSEN H P.Wax deposition in offshore pipeline systems:1st North American Conference on Multiphase Technology,June 10-11,1998[C].Houston:Texas,1998:193-205.
[20] ZHANG H Q,ZHANG M,BRILL J P,et al.Multiphase flow wax deposition modeling:proceedings of ASME ETCE Petroleum Production Technology Symposium,Feb 5-7,2001[C].Texas:Houston,2001.