风机故障后有功控制对系统暂态功角失稳的影响机理（英文）
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摘要
规模持续增长的并网双馈风电场使暂态功角失稳现象变得更加复杂。提出了双馈风机故障后有功控制对系统暂态功角失稳的影响机理。为了维持系统故障后稳态,双馈风机故障后有功功率被要求从故障下的低水平值逐渐恢复至故障前水平值或其附近。据此,首先揭示双馈风机有功恢复控制对系统暂态功角各摆次失稳的影响。研究表明,双馈风机有功恢复控制加剧了首摆与奇数多摆的失稳可能性,同时削弱了偶数多摆的失稳可能性。通过考虑各摆次相互关系与被影响程度,进一步分析双馈风机有功恢复速率对系统暂态功角失稳的影响,并提出相应的暂态功角失稳模式。当大规模双馈风电场有功恢复速率因不同控制策略被设置为从快到慢等不同速率值时(假设在每种控制策略下恢复速率恒定),在相应顺序场景下,系统会出现3种失稳模式(其临界失稳分别为首摆失稳、奇数多摆失稳以及第2摆失稳)。最后对所提出机理进行仿真验证。
With increasing integration of wind farms utilizing doubly-fed induction generators(DFIGs) into power systems, rotor angle instability phenomena become more complicated. This paper proposes a novel impact mechanism of post-fault active power controls of DFIGs on rotor angle instability. As DFIG post-fault active power generally restores from during-fault level to pre-fault level or nearby to maintain post-fault steady state, impacts of DFIG active power recovery control on rotor angle instability are presented. It indicates that the recovery control increases possibility of the 1~(st) swing instability and odd multi-swing instability and decreases possibility of even multi-swing instability. Then, impacts of DFIG active power recovery controls with different recovery rates on rotor angle instability are put forward, considering the impact degree on each swing instability and relation of all swings. As the recovery rate(assumed to be consent in each control strategy) of a large amount of DFIGs is set from fast to slow due to different control strategies, three instability modes will be formed. Their critical instabilities are the 1~(st) swing instability, odd multi-swing instability, and the 2~(nd) swing instability, respectively. Simulation results validate effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
With increasing integration of wind farms utilizing doubly-fed induction generators(DFIGs) into power systems, rotor angle instability phenomena become more complicated. This paper proposes a novel impact mechanism of post-fault active power controls of DFIGs on rotor angle instability. As DFIG post-fault active power generally restores from during-fault level to pre-fault level or nearby to maintain post-fault steady state, impacts of DFIG active power recovery control on rotor angle instability are presented. It indicates that the recovery control increases possibility of the 1~(st) swing instability and odd multi-swing instability and decreases possibility of even multi-swing instability. Then, impacts of DFIG active power recovery controls with different recovery rates on rotor angle instability are put forward, considering the impact degree on each swing instability and relation of all swings. As the recovery rate(assumed to be consent in each control strategy) of a large amount of DFIGs is set from fast to slow due to different control strategies, three instability modes will be formed. Their critical instabilities are the 1~(st) swing instability, odd multi-swing instability, and the 2~(nd) swing instability, respectively. Simulation results validate effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
引文
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[19]Zhang Y C,Bank J,Muljadi E,et al.Angle instability detection in power systems with high-wind penetration using synchrophasor measurements[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2013,1(4):306-314.
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[21]Hou H J,Lin L,Wu T,et al.Comparison of transient stability between wind farm based on DFIG and traditional power plant in an actual grid[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Engineering Conference,2010:1-4.
[22]Lin L,Zhao H L,Lan T,et al.Transient stability mechanism of DFIGwind farm and grid-connected power system[C]//IEEE Grenoble Conference Power Tech,2013:1-9.
[23]董哲,周明,李庚银,等.风机有功控制对系统暂态功角第二摆稳定性影响机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4680-4690.Dong Zhe,Zhou Ming,Li Gengyin,et al.Influence mechanism of active power control of wind turbine generators on power system transient second swing stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4680-4690(in Chinese).
[24]全国电力监管标准化技术委员会.GB/T 19963-2011风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].2011.
[25]Xue Y,Van Custem T,Ribbens-Pavella M.Extended equal area criterion justifications,generalizations,applications[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1989,4(1):44-52.
[26]Muller S,Deicke M,De Doncker R W.Doubly fed induction genera tor systems for wind turbines[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2002,8(3):26-33.
[27]Trilla L,Gomis-Bellmunt O,Junyent-Ferre A,et al.Modeling and validation of DFIG 3 MW wind turbine using field test data of balanced and unbalanced voltage sags[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):509-519.
[28]张慧玲,郝思鹏,袁越,等.基于实测数据的双馈风电机组外特性研究及简化建模[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(17):82-87.Zhang Huiling,Hao Sipeng,Yuan Yue,et al.Research on external characteristics of DFIG and simplified modeling based on testing data[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(17):82-87(in Chinese).
[2]Ju P,Li H,Pan X,et al.Stochastic dynamic analysis for power systems under uncertain variability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,PP(99):1-10(in press).
[3]Kang M,Kim K,Muljadi E,et al.Frequency control support of a doubly-fed induction generator based on the torque limit[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(6):4575-4583.
[4]Ju P,Li H,Gan C,et al.Analytical assessment for transient stability under stochastic continuous disturbances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,PP(99):1-10.
[5]Hossain M J,Pota H R,Mahmud M A,et al.Investigation of the impacts of large-scale wind power penetration on the angle and voltage stability of power systems[J].IEEE System Journal,2012,6(1):76-84.
[6]Huang P H,Mouri M S E,Hasen S A.Novel fault ride through scheme and control strategy for doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2015,30(2):635 645.
[7]Vittal E,O'Malley M,Keane A.Rotor angle stability with high penetrations of wind generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(1):353-362.
[8]Gautam D,Vittal V,Harbour T.Impact of increased penetration of DFIG based wind turbine generators on transient and small signal stability of power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(3):1426-1434.
[9]Edrah M,Lo K L,Anaya-Lara O.Impacts of high penetration of DFIG wind turbines on rotor angle stability of power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(3):759-766.
[10]Chowdhury M A,Shen W,Hosseinzadeh N,et al.Transient stability of power system integrated with doubly fed induction generator wind farms[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(2):184-194.
[11]Nunes M V,Lopes J A P,Zurn H H,et al.Influence of the variable-speed wind generators in transient stability margin of the conventional generators integrated in electrical grids[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(4):692-701.
[12]Ying J,Yuan X,Hu J.Inertia characteristic of DFIG-based WT under transient control and its impact on the first-swing stability of SGs[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,PP(99):1-9.
[13]Kanchanaharuthai A,Chankong V,Loparo K A.Transient stability and voltage regulation in multimachine power systems vis-à-vis STATCOM and battery energy storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2404-2416.
[14]Tang Y F,He H B,Wen J Y,et al.Power system stability control for a wind farm based on adaptive dynamic programming[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(1):166-177.
[15]Yousefian R,Bhattarai R.Transient stability enhancement of power grid with integrated wide-area control of wind farms and synchronous generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,PP(99):1-9.
[16]Shi L B,Sun S M,Yao L Z,et al.Effects of wind generation intermittency and volatility on power system transient stability[J].IETRenewable Power Generation,2014,8(5):509-521.
[17]Faried S O,Billinton R,Aboreshaid S.Probabilistic evaluation of transient stability of a power system incorporating wind farms[J].IETRenewable Power Generation,2010,4(4):299-307.
[18]Mitra A,Chatterjee D.Active power control of DFIG-based wind farm for improvement of transient stability of power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):82-93.
[19]Zhang Y C,Bank J,Muljadi E,et al.Angle instability detection in power systems with high-wind penetration using synchrophasor measurements[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2013,1(4):306-314.
[20]Mitra A,Chatterjee D.A sensitivity based approach to assess the impacts of integration of variable speed wind farms on the transient stability of power systems[J].Renewable Energy,2013,60:662-671.
[21]Hou H J,Lin L,Wu T,et al.Comparison of transient stability between wind farm based on DFIG and traditional power plant in an actual grid[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Engineering Conference,2010:1-4.
[22]Lin L,Zhao H L,Lan T,et al.Transient stability mechanism of DFIGwind farm and grid-connected power system[C]//IEEE Grenoble Conference Power Tech,2013:1-9.
[23]董哲,周明,李庚银,等.风机有功控制对系统暂态功角第二摆稳定性影响机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4680-4690.Dong Zhe,Zhou Ming,Li Gengyin,et al.Influence mechanism of active power control of wind turbine generators on power system transient second swing stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4680-4690(in Chinese).
[24]全国电力监管标准化技术委员会.GB/T 19963-2011风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].2011.
[25]Xue Y,Van Custem T,Ribbens-Pavella M.Extended equal area criterion justifications,generalizations,applications[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1989,4(1):44-52.
[26]Muller S,Deicke M,De Doncker R W.Doubly fed induction genera tor systems for wind turbines[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2002,8(3):26-33.
[27]Trilla L,Gomis-Bellmunt O,Junyent-Ferre A,et al.Modeling and validation of DFIG 3 MW wind turbine using field test data of balanced and unbalanced voltage sags[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):509-519.
[28]张慧玲,郝思鹏,袁越,等.基于实测数据的双馈风电机组外特性研究及简化建模[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(17):82-87.Zhang Huiling,Hao Sipeng,Yuan Yue,et al.Research on external characteristics of DFIG and simplified modeling based on testing data[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(17):82-87(in Chinese).